Metal Ions Fe3 Research Articles

Preparation of hair-derived carbon materials and their adsorption properties

Nowadays, the problem of heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious, in order to deal with heavy metal ion pollution in wastewater mostly use filtration and adsorption means. In this article, hair-derived carbon materials were prepared from hair by phosphoric acid activation and high temperature carbonization. The adsorption performance of hair activated carbon (AC) was also investigated at different activation temperatures, different adsorption times and temperatures, and initial concentrations of Fe3+ and Cu2+. The results showed that the hair AC obtained at 250 °C activation temperature when the adsorption time of 180 min and the adsorption temperature of 25 °C have good adsorption performance for heavy metal ions Fe3+ and Cu2+ reached 70.57% and 91.11%. The results of the study showed that hair AC can be used as an adsorbent to improve the water quality of heavy metal wastewater.

Polarized Bimetallic Site Synergy in Ionic Structures of Cu(II), Fe(III), and Mn(III) Porphyrins: Electrochemistry and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics.

Binuclear catalytic sites attained in a controlled way with complementary and cooperative metal ion centers are highly relevant in the development of new or enhanced catalytic processes. Herein, binuclear sites carrying Fe(III), Cu(II), or Mn(III) metal ions with a polarized structure have been prepared using the ionic self-assembly of oppositely charged metalloporphyrins. Binary porphyrin structures (BIPOS) have been prepared based on metalloporphyrin cations carrying pyridinium or methylpyridinium groups in conjugation with metalloporphyrin anions carrying sulfonatophenyl groups. BIPOS carrying [cation/anion] tecton pairs of [Cu/Fe], [Fe/Cu], [Cu/Cu], [Fe/Fe], [Mn/Fe], [Fe/Mn], and [Mn/Mn] have been compared. Electrochemical interaction and enhanced catalytic behavior are noticeable for BIPOS [Fe/Cu], [Fe/Fe], and [Mn/Fe] carrying a Fe center and [less electronegative/more electronegative] metal ion centers in the [cation/anion] porphyrin ionic pairs. For high-performance BIPOS, cyclic voltammograms showed a greater separation of the cathodic and anodic peaks, within ΔEp = 0.095-0.125 V, and the rate constants for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol were within k = 0.380-0.535 min-1/mg of catalyst, significantly superior to the related individual metalloporphyrins. Inverse heterobimetallic [Cu/Fe] and [Fe/Mn] and the homometallic BIPOS [Cu/Cu] and [Mn/Mn] were significantly less active or inefficient. A [Fe/Cu] material could be reused in at least 5 catalytic cycles, maintaining catalytic activity; the best catalysts were also active in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline in mild conditions (visible light, 30 °C, 0.5 mol % catalyst), and an [Fe/Fe] catalyst showed 100% aniline yield after 2 h.

Assembly of Silicate-Phenolic Network Coatings with Tunable Properties for Controlled Release of Small Molecules.

Engineered coatings are pivotal for tailoring the surface properties and release profiles of materials for applications across diverse areas. However, developing robust coatings that can both encapsulate and controllably release cargo is challenging. Herein, a dynamic covalent coordination assembly strategy is used to engineer robust silicate-based coatings, termed silicate-phenolic networks (SPNs), using sodium metasilicate and phenolic ligands (tannic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallol). The coatings are pH-responsive (owing to the dynamic covalent bonding), and their hydrophobicity can be tuned upon their post-functionalization with hydrophobic gallates (propyl, octyl, lauryl gallates). The potential of the SPN coatings for the controlled release of small molecules, such as urea (a widely used fertilizer), is demonstrated-controlled release of urea in soil is achieved in response to different pHs (up to 7 days) and different hydrophobicity (up to 14 days). Furthermore, leveraging the presence of silicon (within the coating) and post-functionalization of the SPN coatings with metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+) generates a multipurpose delivery system for the sustained release of micronutrient fertilizers, and silicon and metal ions, over 28 and 14 days, respectively. These SPN coatings have potential applications beyond agriculture, including nutrient delivery, separations, food packaging, and medical device fabrication.

Turning Corn Stalk Trashes into a Photothermal Agent for Interfacial Solar Water Evaporation for Sustainable Water Purification

Biomass‐based photothermal materials have a higher photothermal conversion efficiency and contribute significantly to improved solar water evaporation systems. This work aims to transform corn stalk (CS) trash into efficient photothermal materials with centralized and less‐contact area water supply systems to achieve enhanced interfacial heat accumulation. We successfully synthesized cornstalk biochar synthesized via pyrolysis to maintain the environmental concern and is deposited onto a scalable, and cost‐effective (<1$) polyurethane foam (triangle shape, where the tip plays the wick and centralized water supply). The detailed characterizations validate the porous structure of CS biochar‐coated PU foam (CSB@PU), and enhance interfacial heat accumulation up to 47.8 °C under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiation which is endowed via thermal management of polystyrene foam (PS). This reproducible interfacial heat accumulation and sustainable evaporator bestow a water evaporation rate of up to 1.38 kg m−2 h−1, and solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency (84%) under one sun which is more efficient than other biomass‐derived evaporators. Inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy analysis validates the reductions of primary (Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and heavy metal ion (Fe3+, Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) concentrations in condensate, insights the potential of CSB@PU to advance the water treatment technologies.

Synergistic effect of Fe/Zr dual doping endows hydrophilic spinel-structured H4Ti5O12 ion sieves for efficient lithium extraction from liquid resources

The practical application of spinel-structured H4Ti5O12(HTO) lithium-ion sieves (LISs) is hampered by their poor adsorption properties and recyclability. Within this research, the surface properties and internal structure of lithium-ion sieve (LIS) materials were modulated by co-doping Fe and Zr metal ions to enhance their adsorption properties. The results show that Fe and Zr have been successfully introduced to the LIS lattice, increasing Li-O bond length of position 8a and O2− content. The synthesized H4Ti4.77Fe0.2Zr0.03O12 (HTFZO-II) LIS was made up of evenly distributed nanosheets layered on top of one another to create an open laminar structure, which possesses a hydrophilic surface (contact angle: 17.8°), a high surface area (95.89 m2/g), and hierarchical porous structure. Compared with the undoped HTO, the HTFZO-II LISs enjoy a high capacity for Li+ adsorption (28.72 mg/g), a strong cycling stability (Ti4+ dissolving loss: 0.12 %), and a fast reaching of the equilibrium in adsorption (adsorption equilibrium: 4 h). Theoretical calculation of DFT shows that Li(H2O)4+ on HTFZO-II and HTO dehydration were partially dehydrated into Li(H2O)+. The energy required for the dehydration of Li(H2O)4+ on HTFZO-II is lower than that on undoped HTO, indicating that metal ion doping modification was beneficial for the dehydration of hydrated lithium ions on the adsorbent surface, thereby accelerating the exchange reaction between H+ and dehydrated Li+ ions. This study reveals the key role of the synergistic effect of multi-element co-doping in enhancing the adsorption performance and structural stability of LISs.

Highly Conductive Two-Dimensional FeTHBQ/Graphene Nanocomposite as the Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Constructing high-performance coordination polymer (CP) cathodes for lithium-ion batteries based on the redox reactions of both high-potential transition metal ions and high-capacity organic ligands has attracted extensive attention. However, CP cathodes suffer from structural degradation, low electrical conductivity, and sluggish diffusion kinetics, resulting in poor cycling stability and inferior rate capability. Herein, the ultrafine FeTHBQ (THBQ = tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone) CP nanoparticles in situ grew on both sides of graphene nanosheets to form the uniform two-dimensional (2D) FeTHBQ/Graphene nanocomposite with a sandwich structure via a one-pot solvothermal method. The highly conductive graphene skeleton promotes the electronic conduction and structural stability for the 2D FeTHBQ/Graphene nanocomposite. Besides, compared with bulk FeTHBQ, the primary FeTHBQ nanoparticles in the FeTHBQ/Graphene nanocomposite have smaller particle sizes with larger specific surface areas. This not only shortens the Li+ diffusion distance in the FeTHBQ crystal but also benefits Li+ transfer between the electrolyte and the electrode. In the FeTHBQ/Graphene nanocomposite, the active material of FeTHBQ manifested multiple redox centers of transition metal ions (Fe3+/Fe2+) and carbonyls (C═O/C-O-) in THBQ ligands. Owing to the enhancements of structural stability, electronic conduction, and Li+ diffusion kinetics, the 2D FeTHBQ/Graphene nanocomposite presented a high lithium-ion storage capacity of 217.2 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1, a fast rate capability of 79.1 mA h g-1 at 5000 mA g-1, and a stable cycling performance of 87.2 mA h g-1 at 500 mA g-1 after 100 cycles. This work sheds light on the great opportunity for optimizing the electrochemical performances of CP-based functional electrode materials by combining with conductive substrates.

Rapid and accurate identification of multiple metal ions using a bispyrene‐based fluorescent sensor array with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission property

AbstractMultiple metal ions are traditionally detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Although these methods are sensitive and accurate, they depend on complex instruments and require highly trained operators, making low costly rapid detection challenging. It is urgent to develop a convenient, rapid and sensitive method to detect multiple metal ions. Herein, we designed a bispyrene derivative (BP) with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) property to construct a high fluorescent sensor array to realize the effective identification of four metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+). The differential coordination capability between metal ions and BP with the aid of acetate ions resulted the possibility of array‐based sensing. The four heavy metal ions could be immediately classified in the concentration of 100 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) of Fe3+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ were as low as 16.2, 21.8, 51.4, and 25.9 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor array was applied for identification multiple heavy metal ions in environmental samples and iron ion in rat serums with identified of 100%. The sample consumption as low as 2 µL for each detection and the results could be extracted by smartphones under ultraviolet lamps. It provided a rapid, sensitive, low‐cost, and on‐site multiple metal ions detection method.

Synergistic impact of Fe–Zr in novel hybrid aminoclay catalytic TFC membrane for ultrafast emerging pollutant remediation

Finding new class of materials to overcome limitation in conventional membranes is a challenging task. Use of naturally stable and sustainable alternative materials stock is an emerging task. In this direction, a novel iron-zirconium hybrid aminoclay (FZ-AC) has emerged as a promising catalyst effectively employed to alleviate fouling concerns within the framework of a biopolymer-based thin film composite (TFC), constructed on a cellulose acetate (CA) support. Notably, FZ-AC exhibits remarkable catalytic activity in the degradation of foulants through potential free radicals generated from Fe and Zr active centres in synergy with oxidising agent. The optimised catalytic membrane (FZ-TFC-1) exhibited an ultrafast degradation of congo red (CR), eriochrome black-T (EBT), crystal violet (CV), methylene blue (MB), red-brown dye (RBn), bisphenol-A (BPA), azithromycin (AZC), and Cr(VI) within 4 min. The cooperative action of redox centres of Fe and Zr metal ions synergistically accelerated the swift production of reactive species and facilitated the efficient degradation of pollutants within a notably short timeframe. Furthermore, >95% of above dyes rejection was achieved with >67 L m−2.h−1 of flux. The results of a long-term study demonstrated that FZ-TFC membranes exhibit exceptional stability, retaining their performance for a duration up to 150 h. This extended period of stability underscores the superiority of these membranes over alternative counterparts, suggesting their robustness and reliability for sustained operation in various applications. This strategic utilization of FZ-AC representing a promising avenue for enhancing the efficacy and longevity of nanofiltration membranes, thereby advancing the frontier of membrane-based separation technologies.

Nonconventional Fluorescent Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethane Foams for Multipurpose Sensing Applications

Fluorescent foams with interconnected pores are attractive for the detection and quantification of various products. However, many fluorescent probes are suffering from aggregation‐caused fluorescence quenching in their solid/aggregated state, are costly, and/or not straightforward to incorporate in foams, limiting their utility for this application. Herein, non‐isocyanate polyurethane foams, prepared by the simple water‐induced self‐blowing process, present a nonconventional fluorescence behaviour, i.e. they are intrinsically fluorescent with a multicolor emission without requiring ex‐situ traditional fluorescent probes. These foams demonstrate utility for capturing‐sensing gaseous formaldehyde (an emblematic indoor air pollutant), as well as for detecting and quantifying various metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+). They are also able to selectively sense tetracycline antibiotic in a ratiometric way with a high sensitivity. By exploiting the unique multicolor photoluminescent foam properties, a smartphone‐compatible device is used for the facile antibiotic quantification. This nonconventional fluorescence behaviour is discussed experimentally and theoretically, and is mainly based on clusteroluminescence originating from multiple hydrogen bonding and hetero‐atomic sub‐luminophores, thus from aggregation‐induced emission luminogens that are naturally present in the foams. This work illustrates that easily accessible non‐conventional fluorescent NIPU foams characterized by a modular emission wavelength have an enormous potential for multiple substrates detection and quantification.

Nonconventional Fluorescent Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Foams for Multipurpose Sensing Applications.

Fluorescent foams with interconnected pores are attractive for the detection and quantification of various products. However, many fluorescent probes are suffering from aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching in their solid/aggregated state, are costly, and/or not straightforward to incorporate in foams, limiting their utility for this application. Herein, non-isocyanate polyurethane foams, prepared by the simple water-induced self-blowing process, present a nonconventional fluorescence behaviour, i.e. they are intrinsically fluorescent with a multicolor emission without requiring ex situ traditional fluorescent probes. These foams demonstrate utility for capturing-sensing gaseous formaldehyde (an emblematic indoor air pollutant), as well as for detecting and quantifying various metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+). They are also able to selectively sense tetracycline antibiotic in a ratiometric way with a high sensitivity. By exploiting the unique multicolor photoluminescent foam properties, a smartphone-compatible device is used for the facile antibiotic quantification. This nonconventional fluorescence behaviour is discussed experimentally and theoretically, and is mainly based on clusteroluminescence originating from multiple hydrogen bonding and hetero-atomic sub-luminophores, thus from aggregation-induced emission luminogens that are naturally present in the foams. This work illustrates that easily accessible non-conventional fluorescent NIPU foams characterized by a modular emission wavelength have an enormous potential for multiple substrates detection and quantification.

A comparative study of the efficacy of alginate lyases in the presence of metal ions elevated in the cystic fibrosis lung milieu

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis, chronically infects the patient's lungs by forming an alginate-containing biofilm. Alginate lyases are polysaccharide lyases that lyse alginate and are, therefore, potential biofilm-disruptive agents. However, cystic fibrosis sputum contains high levels of metals such as iron and zinc. The efficacy of alginate lyases under these conditions of elevated metal concentrations has not been categorically determined. Here, we have assessed the enzyme activity of two exolytic and five endolytic alginate lyases in the presence of metal ions (Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) elevated in the cystic fibrosis lung milieu. Several of these alginate lyases exhibited increased activity in the presence of Ca2+, and the polysaccharide lyase family 7 members studied here exhibited decreased activity in the presence of Zn2+. The enzyme activity of the PL7 alginate lyases from Cellulophaga algicola (CaAly/CaFLDAly) and Vibrio sp. (VspAlyVI) was not affected in the presence of a mix of all the above-mentioned metal ions at the elevated concentrations found in the cystic fibrosis lung milieu. Specific alginate lyases might, therefore, retain the ability to degrade the alginate-containing Pseudomonas biofilm in the presence of metal ions elevated in the cystic fibrosis lung milieu.

The effect of autochthonous metal ions and humic substances on landfill leachate ozonation: Reactive oxygen species and 3D fluorescence analysis

This study investigated the ozonation process for landfill leachate treatment, focusing on the impact of autochthonous metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Mg2+) and humic substances on the degradation of pollutants. Our findings revealed that the presence of these metal ions significantly enhanced the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH), especially for Fe3+, demonstrating the highest catalytic activity. However, the humic substance attenuated the signals of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly the superoxide radical (O2−) in the presence of Cu2+ and Mn2+. These suggested that metal ions could complex with humic substances and further inhibit ROS production. Despite this inhibition, Fe3+ maintained its ROS-generating capacity even in the presence of humic substances, indicating its potential as a robust catalyst in landfill leachate. Batch tests further demonstrated that Fe3+ had the most positive effect on the degradation of sodium humate, as evidenced by a significant reduction in fluorescence regional integration (FRI) values. An integrated membrane bioreactor (MBR) and ozonation system were conducted, which firstly processed activated sludge treatment in the MBR and then pumped into the ozonation system via a peristaltic pump. After ozonation, the leachate overflowed back into the MBR for further treatment, creating a closed-loop system. It was observed that there was a significant reduction in humic substances, with a decrease of 96.31% in the FRI. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) results corroborated these findings, which indicated a marked reduction in the abundance of humic-like substances C-BO-1 and C-BO-4 during the 17 days treatment period. This study revealed the pivotal role of microorganisms, ROS, metal ions, and humic substances in the treatment of landfill leachate. The metal ions presented in the leachate were confirmed to produce ROS during the ozonation process. However, a significant quantity of humic-like substances reduced the reactive ROS through complexation and consumption reactions. Simultaneously, microorganisms in the MBR system consumed humic substances such as C-BO-1 and C-BO-4, which promoted the degradation of contaminants in the landfill leachate. These insights provided implications for optimizing ozonation processes in leachate management, potentially leading to more efficient and environmentally sustainable waste disposal practices.

Synthesis and characterization of amine functionalized silylated clay for heavy metal adsorption: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on Fe(III) ion

Amine functionalized bentonites were used as adsorbents for the bioremoval of Fe(III) ions, which led to the inclusion of functional groups such as -OH, -NH2, -OCH3, etc. FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, TG, BET, XRF, and CHNS analyzer were used to analyze the surface and textural characteristics. The influence of adsorption factors, such as pH, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration, have been investigated and tailored in batch adsorption experiments of Fe (III) metal ions. The maximum adsorption efficiency and capacity of modified BNT-APTMS is 100.90 % and 103.91 mg/g respectively. The adsorption process is best fit with Freundlich model (R2=0.998) than Langmuir model (R2=0.788) and the Temkin model D-R isotherm parameters indicating a physisorption process. A mechanism of spontaneous complexation was accomplished, because of the heterogeneity of the surface, electrostatic forces, pore filling, and π-π stacking. Follows PSO kinetics and favours Freundlich isotherm. The adsorbent substance showed a remarkable capacity for regeneration, assuring the substance's stability and reusability.

Synthesis of metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks: Incorporation into 6FDA-Durene polyimide for CO2 separation through mixed matrix membranes

The development of advanced mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is expanding through the design of functionalized materials and efficient hybrid mass transfer mechanisms to meet the growing needs for practical and cost-effective gas separation technologies. Here, a novel series of transition metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks (M2+CTFs) was synthesized and incorporated into a 6FDA-Durene polyimide (PI) matrix in the range of 0–0.5 wt% to prepare cost-effective facilitated transport MMMs with high CO2 separation performance. Qualitative and quantitative analyses including FTIR, XPS, CHN, XRF, BET, XRD, TGA, DLS, FESEM, EDX, and TEM were carried out. The presence of nucleophilic N sites and electron-rich heterocycles in highly porous CTFs (through the π–π-stacking interactions with CO2 molecules), together with transition metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) as the fixed site active carriers (with strong CO2 facilitated transport through the π complexation/decomplexation reaction), improves the affinity for CO2 molecules, facilitates their transport, and subsequently increases the CO2/non-polar gas selectivity of MMMs. The resultant M2+CTF/PI MMMs successfully surpass the 2008 upper bound at filler loading of 0.4 wt% for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separations. Embedding M2+CTFs into the PI matrix improves the mechanical properties of the membranes. The Zn2+CTF/PI MMM represents the best separation performance with a CO2 permeability of 1408 Barrer, a CO2/N2 selectivity of 37, and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 39, which represents a 120 %, 111 %, and 110 % increase compared to the neat PI membrane at a feed pressure of 2 bar. The excellent results of the present study indicate the high potential of cost-efficient synthesized M2+CTF particles and related facilitated transport MMMs for possible application in industrial processes.

Targeted synthesis, structural elucidation, density functional theory, and molecular docking studies of transition metal(II)/(III) complexes of levofloxacin‐based Schiff base for promising their antioxidant and antibacterial applications

Levofloxacin and 4‐aminoantipyrine undergo a condensation process to synthesize a novel Schiff base ligand (L). Metal complexes containing Co(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), and Fe(III) metal ions are prepared using this Schiff base ligand. The new ligand and its complexes are characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible, magnetic moment, 1H‐NMR, molar conductivity, and powder X‐ray diffraction, and further thermogravimetric analysis (TG, DTA) verifies their thermal stability. The metal to ligand ratio is 1:1, according to the analytical results. Spectroscopic methods reveal that metal complexes are expected to have an octahedral geometry and demonstrate a neutral tridentate ligand behavior. It also becomes apparent from the molar conductivity values that all metal complexes are electrolytic in nature except zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes which are non‐electrolytes. Moreover, the bioactivity of the compounds are investigated. The antibacterial activity is investigated in relation to various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The results give good indication for higher activity of the prepared compounds than the standard antibiotic drug. Also, the antioxidant activity of the newly prepared ligand and its complexes has been investigated via 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The findings show that Schiff base complexes exhibit good antioxidant activity. Finally, theoretical density functional theory using density functional theory/B3LYP method and molecular docking studies with two receptors of 3T88 and 3Q8U are calculated for the investigated compounds.

Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) inflorescence extract after in vitro simulated digestion

Background: Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) is an edible flower whose inflorescence is utlized for culinary purposes to enchance the taste of traditional dishes containing polyphenols and antioxidant compounds. However, investigation on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of torch ginger inflorescence extract following simulated gastrointesinal digestion is still limited. Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the inflorescence extract after in vitro simulated digestion. Methods: Torch ginger inflorescence (TGI) was extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with different solvents (water,50%, and 80% aqueous ethanol). Total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity were determined by ORAC, DPPH, FRAP, and metal ion (Fe2+) chelating activity. The solvent extraction that gave the highest value of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities was used for an in vitro digestion and identification of phytochemicals profile by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Furthermore, the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacities of digested TGI extract were compared to those of undigested extract. Results: TGI contained 90.24% moisture. The 80% aqueous ethanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, with an ORAC value of 1,156.61 ± 11.55 mM TE/g extract, DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 1,087.68 ± 14.37 mM TE/g extract, FRAP value of 799.30 ± 1.45 mM TE/g extract, and Fe2+ chelating capacity of 42.32 ± 3.48% /mg extract. The 39 phytochemicals were identified for 9 flavonoids and 5 phenolic acids. The putative bioactive compounds for antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticholesterol were detected in TGIE, such as catechin, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, astragalin, chlorogenic acid, coumarin, and procyanidin B2. After passing through an in vitro simulated mouth, gastric, and intestinal digestion, the TGI extract exhibited higher values of TPC, TFC, and antioxidative capacities than the undigested extract. Conclusion: This study reviewed the phytochemical components presented in the 80% aqueous ethanol TGIE. The expressed antioxidant capacity was increased when the TGIE passed through the in vitro simulated digestion, which could potentially represent a promising source of endogenous antioxidants in food and nutraceutical applications. Keywords: Antioxidant, edible flower, gastrointestinal digestion, phytochemicals, Torch ginger inflorescence

Nanoplatforms derived from iron dextran combined with ascorbic acid for enhanced photothermal-chemodynamic therapy of tumors

The current limitations of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are mainly due to the lack of metal ions (Fe2+, Cu+, etc.), glutathione overexpression, and insufficient hydrogen peroxide level in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we constructed a safe and effective nanoplatform (abbreviate as MPCF, M: 4T1 cell membranes; P: polydopamine; C: calcium phosphate; F: iron dextran) for tumor CDT applications based on ascorbic acid and iron dextran, which is clinically used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The MPCF was fabricated by encapsulating iron dextran nanoparticles within porous calcium phosphate nanoparticle carriers and surface modifying with polydopamine and 4T1 tumor cell membranes. The MPCF can efficiently accumulate at tumor sites and gradually degrade to release the encapsulated iron dextran nanoparticles in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment. Intraperitoneally injected ascorbic acid not only generated hydrogen peroxide at the tumor site, but also synergistically acted with endogenous glutathione to reduce trivalent iron ions in the iron dextran to divalent iron ions, leading to depletion of the excess glutathione at the tumor site and amplification of oxidative stress effects. In addition, polydopamine-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) can further enhance the CDT effect. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the combination therapy of CDT and PTT based on the MPCF exhibited effective tumor inhibition and good biosafety properties. Therefore, the nanoplatforms prepared with the clinical drug iron dextran provide a new idea for the design of nanoprobes of tumor therapy with clinical translational potential.

Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking of Bis-(1-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-3-methylthiourea) Iron (III) Complex as Anticancer Candidate

The Bis-(1-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-3-methylthiourea) iron (III) complex has been synthesized from the reaction between 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-3-methylthiourea and Fe (III) metal ion by reflux method with ethanol solvent at a temperature of 75°C for 7 hours. It was characterized by a hot stage microscope (HSM), UV-Vis, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. The % yield of the synthesis result was 97.58%. From the docking study on the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, the binding affinity value was -7.76 kcal/mol, and the inhibition constant was 2.11 mM. The Bis-(1-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-3 methylthiourea) iron (III) complex compounds can be synthesized and predicted as anticancer candidates.

Comparative Study of Synthesis and Characterisation of Complex Compounds of Co(II) and Fe(III) Metal Ions with Ligands N-Etilisopropyldithiocarbamate and Its Application as an Additive in Lubricants

Comparative Study of Synthesis and Characterisation of Complex Compounds of Co(II) and Fe(III) Metal Ions with Ligands N-Etilisopropyldithiocarbamate and Its Application as an Additive in Lubricants

A self-cleaning coating on copper for inhibiting calcium carbonate crystallization and scaling

To address the technical bottleneck of synergistic damage caused by corrosion and scaling after damage to protective coatings on heat exchangers, petrochemical pipelines, and seawater desalination equipment, the surface scaling amount and calcium carbonate crystal morphology of anti-corrosion polymer coating (expressed as ZF,WCA = 95°) and self-cleaning coating (expressed as ZQ,WCA = 120°, WSA = 14°) are compared in a scaling system involving metal ions (Fe2+) generated by corrosion. The anti-scaling effect of the ZQ coating (34.6 %) with ions is 61.7 % higher than that of the ZF coating (21.4 %). As the concentration of Fe2+ increases, the aragonite on the ZQ coating transform from needle shaped crystals to cactus shaped crystals (expressed as C-CaCO3) with their whisker length about 20 μm. Furthermore, Cu2+ is introduced into the system by galvanic corrosion between steel and copper. The crystals on the ZQ coating are honeycomb shaped calcite, which transform to C-CaCO3 with shorter whisker length about 10 μm as the contacting area of steel/copper galvanic couple increases. The C-CaCO3 reduces the adhesive area of crystals on the surface of self-cleaning coatings with low surface energy, making it easier to be removed in dynamic scaling environment. Therefore, a self-cleaning coating on copper for inhibiting CaCO3 crystallization and scaling was prepared, hoping to provide a new method for the crystallization of multiple ions on the surface of self-cleaning coatings in the field of engineering scale prevention.