Favorable Location Research Articles

Sports stadiums and local economic activity: Evidence from sales tax collections

ABSTRACT Though most studies find that sports stadiums are not strong drivers of economic activity in metropolitan areas, localized development effects may be sufficient to justify public subsidies for a host municipality if circumstances are favorable. This analysis examines the economic ramifications of an intra-metropolitan area relocation of Atlanta’s professional baseball team from a traditional standalone downtown stadium to a new stadium-anchored mixed-use development in suburban Cobb County. Using the synthetic control method, the study employs metro-Atlanta counties to construct a counterfactual outcome for estimating changes in sales tax revenue after the ballpark opened. The findings indicate a net increase in taxable sales in the county; however, the magnitude of the effect is small and not statistically significant. Though net new spending is evident, approximately one-third of the project’s sales appear to derive from crowding out other local economic activity. In total, added tax collections fall well short of covering the public subsidies provided by Cobb. The stadium’s limited economic impact, despite its favorable location and ancillary mixed-use development, further supports past findings that sports venues are poor investments as economic development projects.

Intensive thermal exploitation from closed and open shallow geothermal systems at urban scale: unmanaged conflicts and potential synergies

The use of shallow geothermal systems (SGS) as a proficient technology to provide clean thermal energy has become increasingly widespread throughout the world, especially in urban environments, with a significant increase in systems density. At European level, the current authorization schemes for new SGS rarely consider the current thermal state of the subsurface and the potential presence of neighbouring systems. The paper presents a pilot urban case study, showing high SGS deployment, analysed through a holistic city-scale 3D numerical model simulating mutual interactions between open and closed-loop systems. Results show that the high amount of installed SGS in limited space is progressively creating mutual hydraulic and thermal interferences: negative, with a reduction of SGS efficiency and sustainability or (rarely) positive, when an accidental and unmanaged synergic effect is established due to favourable exploitation patterns and SGS locations. Numerical modeling further highlighted that the restitution through the vadose zone could be a valid method to hydraulically reinstate the aquifer without significantly altering groundwater undisturbed temperature even at shallow groundwater depth. Results show that neglecting an underground holistic vision of the hydro/thermogeological processes in urban areas could result in long-term severe efficiency losses and environmental issues for SGS solutions, also given the increasing use of shallow geothermal energy in the building air conditioning sector.

A social network analysis to determine success factors of food security innovations in Tanzania

ABSTRACT To improve resistance to upcoming vulnerabilities to climate change and cope with rising food demand smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa need to upgrade their local food systems. Upgrading strategies (UPS) within existing food value chains have the potential to secure food at the local to regional level. In this paper, we determined the roles of actors and their interlinkages and motivations in UPS, and identified possible success factors of group performance within different UPS in Tanzania: a) tied ridges, b) optimised market-oriented grain storage, c) maize sheller and d) millet thresher. We used individual interviews, via the social network analysis tool Net-Map, as well as focus group discussions. The results show that actors’ motivations for participating in a UPS group differed between groups and between actors. Important success factors derived from these findings were favorable village locations followed by sociability and personal contact among stakeholders and with researchers. These results provide the basis for future strategic planning that will enhance participation and a potential up-scaling.

Bouveret syndrome: A challenging case of impacted gallstone within the fourth part of the duodenum.

Introduction and importanceBouveret syndrome is a rare condition characterised by gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a gallstone fistulating into the proximal duodenum or pylorus. Although rare, this condition carries a high mortality rate and no current standardised guidelines for management.Case presentationWe present a case of a patient in their 60s with recurrent small bowel obstruction secondary to a cholecysto-duodenal fistula and large gallstone which became impacted in the fourth part of the duodenum. The patient had a P-POSSUM Score of 14% mortality and 60% morbidity risk, had multiple co-morbidities, was bedbound, BMI 59 and had been deemed high risk for general anaesthetic at oncology centre for a 10 × 10 cm likely gynaecological malignancy a month prior to this admission.Clinical discussionIn contrast to existing literature, endoscopic lithotripsy was considered but not attempted due to unavailability of this service locally. Surgical intervention was decided based on radiological features of impending duodenal perforation on CT imaging and multiple disciplinary team discussion. The patient was managed with open enterolithotomy at the duodeno-jejunal (DJ) flexure and discharged 3 weeks post-operatively at her pre-operative baseline.ConclusionThis is the first report to our knowledge to describe successful surgical management of a gallstone impacted in the fourth part of the duodenum. In cases where anatomical location of impaction precludes retrieval via simple gastrostomy, we suggest using high pressure flush to mobilise the stone to more favourable location distally. We emphasise that stone size should be considered when planning surgical management.

Grazing Land Productivity, Floral Diversity, and Management in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Landscape

Most grazing lands in Mediterranean ecosystems that support extensive sheep farming systems are characterized by unfavorable edapho-climatic conditions, especially in semi-arid areas. Often, though, their use is far from sustainable, causing erosion and ecosystem degradation impacts. In this paper, we explore the use, productivity, and flora diversity of typical Mediterranean grazing lands in four farms at the Agra locality in the western part of Lesvos Island, Greece. For a period of two consecutive growing seasons (September to June), we recorded herbage biomass on 16 plots of grazing lands with three measurements per season of land cover and plant productivity (biomass) inside small exclosures (cages) protected from grazing. We recorded the species richness of herbaceous plant communities within and outside the cages at the end of every growing season, the period of maximum growth of herbaceous species. We also chemically analyzed the biomass for crude protein at the end of each season. Results show sizable productivity differences among pasture plots as well as seasons and an overall medium to high degree of productivity and species richness considering the relatively intensive grazing, with little differences over the different cages and the degree of grazing intensity. These results suggest that the “history” of the fields is important, as grazing lands that had been used for arable crops in the past, as well as those leveled and in favorable locations, were the most productive and diverse ones, while shallower soils and inclined grazing lands showed signs of overuse and degradation. Overall, though, these ecosystems showed a high degree of resilience despite their intensive use.

THE ROLE AND THE PLACE OF PEASANT INDUSTRY IN THE LIFE OF A COMPLEX PEASANT ECONOMY OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY (on the example of Seltinskaya Volost of Malmyzhsky Uyezd of Vyatka Governorate)

The importance of peasant industry in the vital activity of a complex peasant economy, the basis of which was arable farming, is shown on the example of Seltinsky volost of Malmyzhsky Uyezd of Vyatka governorate. The integral branches were animal husbandry and extra-agrarian occupations, among which the main burden was borne by extractive and processing works. The role of natural-geographical, socio-economic conditions, legal norms, trade relations, the creative potential of the people in the process of forming and functioning of a sustainable, balanced, integrated peasant economy is considered. A favourable location of the volost along the Siberian tract with access to the Kama and Vyatka trade river routes contributed to the development of a periodic market sphere (bazaar, torzhok, fair), to peasant economy involvement in the system of a single national market. The zemstvo population censuses made it possible to show a relatively high level of peasants’ provision with land plots, as well as draft, horned cattle and small livestock. Different levels of ethnic groups’ economic situation are noted. There was economic differentiation in the village; the vast majority was occupied by the well-to-do and middle class of the peasantry. To serve the numerous village needs, 90 types of crafts were functioning, which were represented by a wide range of manufactured products. The semi-natural character of peasant economy determined the diversity of its economic forms: domestic industry, handicrafts, small-scale production, capitalist cooperation. Another important role of crafts in the social medium life should be noted – it is an opportunity to realize an ethnic group’s creative potential, improving production technology, honing artistic skills. Household items, traditional clothing indicate a high level and variety of folk art. People’s memory has preserved the names of the best volost masters, who contributed to further development of national folk art. The study of life activity of the peasant population in a single volost at an interdisciplinary level in a fairly new research direction “the history of everyday life”, involvement of a wide comprehensive database, including published zemstvo statistics, fundamental zemstvo studies, archival documents, materials of ethnographic expeditions enable to deeper investigate the structure of a peasant economy, interaction, interdependence of its individual branches, the important role of crafts in a village economy, as well as legality and necessity of production small forms functioning in any historical epoch.

სურამი ისრაელის ქართულენოვან მწერლობაში

Surami was one of the most important cities of Kartli in ancient times. In the distant past, there was an important trade-caravan route from east to west which is mentioned in the historical sources as far back as BC. The information can be found in the works of Greek historians and geographers of IV-III centuries. The small town of Surami was located in the very center of Georgia, which contributed to its multifaceted development. Such a favorable geographical location has always made this place very attractive. In the 18th century, Surami was inhabited by Georgians, Armenians and Jews. The Jews lived in the vicinity of the Surami fortress and pursued trade and handicrafts. In addition to economic, political, and demographic factors, the Jewish social factor must have had some influence on the urban development of Surami, especially during the period of globalization when the capitalist mode of production took on a perfect form. The agrarian sector, which was the basis of agriculture, was replaced by a trade-making relationship. The domestic market was expanding, both domestic and foreign trade was growing in which more or less all parts of Georgia would be involved. The gradually growing economic ties between the regions of Georgia put an end to the isolation. The class of merchants was growing and expanding. Along with trade, pawnbrokers started to lend money at interest. Surami Jews were actively involved in these processes. One of the contributing factors to the urbanization process is an increase of the urban population. The Surami Jews whose main occupation was trade gradually developed into the civic population. They had large families. They established close trading ties with neighboring countries and in this respect they found themselves in a somewhat advantageous situation in the region – Surami was a place where all kinds of deficit goods could be purchased. The number of the Jewish population in Surami was growing, thus contributing to the process of urbanization, which, with rare exceptions, took place in fairly peaceful conditions. Centuries of peaceful coexistence with Georgians have finally shaped the identity of Surami Jew who is symbolically an offspring of two nations: he speaks Georgian, wears Georgian clothes, follows certain Georgian traditions and at the same time strongly adheres to the Jewish religious way of life. It was such peaceful coexistence with Georgians that led to the sweet memories and strong nostalgia of Surami Jews after their return to Israel. Many of them are also successful in Israel in various fields. Some of them are creative. The source of inspiration for a large part of the intelligentsia is the longing for the Georgian reality, including Surami, which is realistically reflected in their works. For example, Izolda Krikheli, one of the representatives of Georgian émigré literature, immortalized the Jews living in Surami in the 20th century in her book "Surami: Dream and Reality" who together with the Georgian people endured the cruel events of this difficult period. She describes the reality impartially, introducing the reader with the Jews who were born in Surami and contributed to the reconstruction of Georgia with their dignified secular or religious activities. The book provides a brief overview of the history of Surami and the role Surami Jews played in it. The title of the book points to the special relationship between the two nations - the author lived in Surami and dreamed of Israel, now she is in Israel and dreams of Surami … The writings of Georgian Jews on the topic of Surami Jews tells us a lot about the lifestyle, occupation and history of the small Jewish community and their role in the urban development of Surami.

Shale gas potential of the lower Silurian hot shales in southern Iran and the Arabian Plate: Characterization of organic geochemistry

A significant phase of global warming appeared during the Llandovery and productive Silurian hot shale was preserved all over the world. The lower Silurian shale is the main effective source rock for most of the Paleozoic hydrocarbon in Iran and the Arabian platform. Silurian hot shales have become prospective resources for new energy such as shale gas. The regional distribution and shale gas potential of the lower Silurian hot shale in southern Iran and the Arabian plate are determined using outcrops and exploration well samples data from previous studies. The studied area has a high organic content (on average more than 2%), maximum burial depth is 5300 m, shale thickness of 30–200 m, organic matter maturities (most comparable), clay minerals content ranging from 20% to 57%, quartz content ranges from 20% to 49%, feldspar content ranges from 10% to 15% and calcite content ranges from 1.48% to 5% which all favor shale gas generation and accumulation. We concluded that southern Iran and east-central Saudi Arabia are two of the most sustainable and favorable locations for shale gas exploration and production for lower Silurian hot shale after assessing all of the key characteristics.

Взаимосвязь геомеханики и недропользования с позиций законодательного определения термина «Недра»

The article presents a historical overview of the development of Geomechanics as a science in the re-search school of the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A par-ticular attention is given to research into the stress-and-strain state of the rock mass and its changes in the course of operating the mining facilities, which plays a crucial role in securing the stability of struc-tures, mining safety, and prevention of major accidents. To ensure the safety of mining, a complex of research methods is used, including theoretical studies, physical and computer modeling, geophysical sensing of rock masses, ground-surface and satellite geodetic studies of the deformation processes. Geomechanical studies carried out at the Institute of Mining helped to gain new insights into the struc-ture of rock masses, variability of the stress-and-strain state, its mosaic structure as determined by the self-organization process within hierarchical block mass, to reveal the sources of emergencies and cat-astrophic events in mining. Current geomechanical research at the Institute is dedicated to the development of a scientific approach and execution of territory zoning using the criterion of technogenic and natural disasters in mining, studying regularities in the self-organization processes within the rock mass, development of technology to select favorable locations for hazardous and critical mining facili-ties. A special role is played by the prediction of possible changes in the stressandstrain state over time. The Geomechanics Department of the Institute of Mining uses field studies of the rock mass structure, geodetic studies of its mobility, remote sensing using satellite interferometry, and computer simulation of the properties and processes that take place within the rock mass.

Pluton Exhumation in the Precordillera of Northern Chile (17.8°–24.2°S): Implications for the Formation, Enrichment, and Preservation of Porphyry Copper Deposits

Abstract Hypogene mineralization in porphyry Cu deposits is typically associated with crustal thickening and rapid exhumation, whereas supergene enrichment requires slow exhumation to allow sufficient time for leaching and downward transport of Cu before it is lost to surface erosion. Therefore, spatial and temporal patterns of exhumation within a metallogenic belt can highlight favorable locations for hypogene mineralization, supergene enrichment, and preservation. Here, we determine average pluton exhumation rates along an ~730-km segment of the middle Eocene-early Oligocene metallogenic belt in northern Chile (17.8°–24.2°S). By combining zircon U-Pb geochronology with Al-in-hornblende geobarometry, we pinpoint the time and depth at which each pluton was emplaced and use the age of overlying cover units or supergene minerals to date its arrival at the surface (or near-surface) environment. Uranium-lead zircon ages for 49 samples from plutons and porphyries range from Carboniferous to Eocene (~314–35 Ma). Al-in-hornblende emplacement depths for 19 plutons are ~4–7 km, with one Carboniferous pluton emplaced at ~12 km. Two phases of net exhumation are identified: early Permian-Middle Triassic and middle Eocene-late Oligocene, with an intervening period of net burial. The highest exhumation rates (>0.30 km/m.y.) derive from the second phase, coeval with the Incaic orogeny and the main phase of hypogene mineralization. Present-day preservation of plutons and porphyry Cu deposits required low post-Oligocene average exhumation rates of <~0.01 km/m.y.—favorable for the development of many world-class supergene blankets. However, spatial variability in exhumation and burial across the belt led to poor conditions for supergene development locally: enrichment was hampered in some places by rapid exhumation after hypogene mineralization (e.g., ≥~4 km at El Abra), by burial beneath significant cover (e.g., Ministro Hales, Queen Elizabeth), or, in the Inti region of northernmost Chile, by a combination of the two.

Phobos and Mars orbit as a base for asteroid exploration and mining

The number and total mass of high value near-Earth asteroids (NEOs) are limited. If space exploration and mining becomes profitable then at some point it will benefit from moving on to the far greater resources of the Main Belt Asteroids (MBAs). Most MBAs are energetically too hard to reach with present technology from low Earth orbit. An alternative is to use Mars orbit as a base from which to conduct MBA research, prospecting, and mining. We have developed PARC: Python Asteroid Rendezvous Code which uses a fast Lambert's problem solver and straightforward maneuver schemes to survey the delta-v necessary to rendezvous with any known asteroid from either Earth or Mars orbit given a specified launch date and time of flight. We used PARC to investigate whether Phobos-like orbits around Mars at altitudes of ∼9000 ​km, are more energetically favorable and useful locations from which to dispatch missions to MBAs. We find that they are. From a Phobos-like orbit, around 100,000 known MBAs have delta-v <4 ​km ​s−1 and some 340,000 have delta-v <5 ​km ​s−1, nearly a thousand times that of NEOs. Unsurprisingly, the most accessible MBAs have low inclinations (i ​< ​5 deg) and small semi-major axes (2.0 <a < 2.5 AU). Known MBAs are much larger than NEOs, so the total mass that is accessible is larger by ∼10,000 times the accessible mass in NEOs. As a result, a growing economy that utilizes space resources or large scale exploration missions will likely find Mars orbit convenient. The stable platform and modest gravity afforded by Phobos would make it a natural first choice. Once Mars orbit has a profitable economy, with high value trans-shipments, the Martian surface may also become an economically valuable outpost. This value may then stimulate settlement.

An economically feasible optimization of photovoltaic provision using real electricity demand: A case study in New York city

Solar farming has been experiencing explosive development in recent years. However, developing solar farming in urban areas is challenged by the heterogeneous distribution of solar irradiation in spatial and degradation of photovoltaic (PV) efficiency that make the economic performance uncertain. To tackle this problem, this study develops a spatio-temporal analytic model and a techno-economic assessment model to optimize PV provision to ensure that a PV system can meet the electricity demand and obtain reasonable profit simultaneously. Specifically, based on the estimation of solar potential on three-dimensional urban envelopes, the study determines PV favorable locations that are quantitatively large and spatially concentrated. Then, PV capacities in two comparative architectures, i.e., self-reliance relying on own building surfaces and external-support seeking supports from external rooftops, are planned to meet real electricity demand. Furthermore, the PV capacity is optimized, constrained by a constant electricity rate without Feed-in Tariff, a decreasing PV efficiency, and an increasing cost for maintenance. A case study in New York City suggests that the optimized PV installation can significantly offset household electricity consumption. In addition, the estimated net profit is significant even in rigorous conditions, which is inspiring for promoting distributed solar harvesting and competing with the local electricity market. • Optimized PV capacity to meet real electricity demand and obtain net profit. • Developed spatio-temporal data analysis and spatial-aware techno-economic assessment. • The estimated net profit in New York City is significant even in strict conditions. • Inspiring for applying the method to promote distributed PV systems in global cities.

Counseling to increase public awareness of mangrove forest conservation

Margasari village has a mangrove area of ​​approximately 700 ha. As the main actors in mangrove management, the people of Margasari Village need to be equipped with basic knowledge about the role and function of mangroves, mangrove zoning, and types of mangrove vegetation. The purpose of this activity is to increase people's knowledge about mangroves, change people's mindsets towards mangrove conservation, and improve the ability to manage and use mangroves wisely and sustainably. Lectures and discussions as well as demonstrations are used as outreach methods. This activity is able to increase public understanding of the role and function of mangroves, so that it can change the mindset of people who are afraid of the law in maintaining mangroves and they can participate in preserving mangroves. A good understanding of mangrove zoning will change the mindset of the community, which initially considered the most important mangrove plant species to be Rhizophora spp, to all types of mangrove vegetation having an important role in the ecosystem. Increased knowledge about mangrove vegetation types has provided awareness that the Margasari Village area has a very favorable location for various types of mangroves, so that it can be optimized to improve community welfare.

Flowthrough Omental Flap for Vascularized Lymph Node Transplant of the Lower Extremity.

Vascularized lymph node transplantation is a surgical approach for the treatment of chronic lymphedema. However, there is no clinical standard for flap placement nor vascular anastomoses. The authors propose a novel flowthrough configuration for an omental vascularized lymph node transplant in the popliteal space. To prepare the popliteal space for an omental free flap, the medial popliteal fat pad and medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle were debulked. Venous anastomoses were completed with vein couplers, joining the right gastroepiploic vein to the medial sural venae comitantes and the left gastroepiploic vein to the lesser saphenous vein. Arterial anastomoses were hand sewn, joining the right gastroepiploic artery to the proximal medial sural artery and the left gastroepiploic artery to the distal medial sural artery, to create the flowthrough configuration. A retrospective review of patients who underwent this procedure at a single institution was performed. Six patients with chronic lymphedema of the lower extremity underwent vascularized lymph node transplantation from June of 2019 to November of 2020. Five patients underwent at least 3 months of postoperative surveillance, with no postoperative complications reported. In this technique contribution, the authors describe a novel flowthrough configuration for an omental free flap to the popliteal space. The popliteal space offers an aesthetically favorable recipient location when appropriately prepared. The medial sural vessels are ideal recipient vessels for the flowthrough omental flap. Therapeutic, IV.

Polarisation signatures in radio for inclined cosmic-ray induced air-shower identification

Autonomous radio-detection, i.e., detection of air-showers with standalone radio arrays, is one of the major technical challenges to overcome for the next generation astroparticle detectors. In this context, we study polarisation signatures of simulated radio signals to perform an identification of the associated air-showers initiated by cosmic-rays and neutrinos. We compare the two sources of radio emission (the charge excess and geomagnetic) and show that the former is almost negligible for inclined (zenith angle >65°) cosmic-ray air-showers. This provides an efficient background rejection criterion at the DAQ level, based on the projection of the total electric field along the direction of the local magnetic field. This relevant quantity can be computed, — even in an online treatment — for antennas measuring three orthogonal polarisations. Independently of the experimental antenna layout, we estimate that assuming a random polarisation of noise events, a rejection from ≈72% (for a non favourable detector location) to ≈93% (for a favourable one) of the noise induced events and a trigger efficiency of 86% (93%) with a 3σ (5σ) trigger threshold level should be achievable. We also show that neutrino-induced showers present a charge excess to geomagnetic signal ratio up to ∼10 times higher than for cosmic ray showers. Although this characteristic makes the identification of neutrino-induced showers challenging via the method developed here, it provides an efficient criterion to perform an offline discrimination between cosmic-ray and neutrino primaries. The stronger charge excess emission will also help the reconstruction of air-shower parameters, such as the core position.

Relationship between the tectono-thermal events and sandstone-type uranium mineralization in the southwestern Ordos Basin, Northern China: Insights from apatite and zircon fission track analyses

Tectonic evolution significantly influenced the sandstone-type uranium mineralization in the continental basins of northern China. To better understand the relationship between the tectono-thermal evolution and uranium-ore-forming process, we selected the southwestern Ordos Basin as the research subject. Detrital apatite and zircon fission track analyses of samples from the Early Cretaceous succession were conducted in this work. The results revealed five stages of tectono-thermal events since the Late Mesozoic: (i) the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (165 ∼ 140 Ma), (ii) the late Early Cretaceous (130 ∼ 100 Ma), (iii) the Late Cretaceous (100 ∼ 60 Ma), (iv) the Late Paleogene–Early Neogene (55 ∼ 20 Ma), and (v) the Late Miocene–present (<10 Ma). These activities are recognized as the results of the multiplate convergence of the Siberian, paleo-Pacific, and Indian plates since the Mesozoic. Furthermore, the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous uplifting of the western Ordos Basin supplied the abundant sedimentation materials and uranium materials for the Early Cretaceous succession in the basin, which acted as excellent ore-bearing layers. The regional extension in the Early Cretaceous has led to an increasing geothermal gradient, which caused the maturity of hydrocarbon source rocks and escape of oil and gas. The following tectonic revisions supplied the pathways and favorable locations for oil and gas accumulation and uranium mineralization. The latest activity has driven the reactivation and re-enrichment of the uranium mineralization since the Late Miocene.

Modelling the drivers of solar energy development in an emerging economy: Implications for sustainable development goals

Energy demand in Bangladesh is consistently rising due to the country's rapid population growth and economic expansion. As a result, solar energy holds substantial potential in the Bangladeshi energy portfolio. This study aims to identify and evaluate the key drivers behind the sustainable development of solar energy in Bangladesh, an emerging economy in South Asia. We do this by adopting an integrated methodology. First, through a literature review and expert feedback, we identify 12 drivers of solar energy development. We then employ the best-worst method (BWM) to rank the drivers based on their significance and use the ISM-MICMAC to analyze the interrelationships among them. The findings indicate that favourable geographical location in terms of solar irradiation, government policy toward sustainable renewable energy, the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and large bodies of water constitute the most significant drivers behind the sustainable development of solar energy in Bangladesh. This research is expected to contribute to the literature on sustainable solar energy development in a systematic way that can benefit both decision-makers and end-users.

Effect of the location pattern of rural residential buildings on natural ventilation in mountainous terrain of central China

The use of natural ventilation in buildings to reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission has been widely investigated and practiced, but few existing studies have considered the exploration and assessment of natural ventilation in different location patterns of rural residential buildings in the mountainous terrain of China. In this paper, the representative rural residential buildings are firstly selected in Huarong, Pingjiang and Liuyang regions of northern Hunan Province to carry out on-site survey works to determine building types, physical parameters and layout forms. Then, the wind tunnel experiments are carried out to investigate the effectiveness of natural ventilation under different location patterns, and the monitored results are compared with simulated data. The results show that the experiments and simulations are in satisfactory agreement. The experimental data also indicate that when the modelled distance of 120 mm (i.e. 12 m between the building and hilly terrain in practical application) is the best option for building natural ventilation. Based on the investigation and statistical data, the natural ventilation effectiveness under different location patterns and operational conditions is simulated using CFD methods, and it is obtained the most favourable location pattern for natural ventilation. The results show that the winter ventilation of buildings in the existing location pattern is significantly obstructed in the hilly terrain, which is favourable to the indoor thermal environment, however, the natural ventilation is compromised to a certain extent in summer. Furthermore, the findings also show that, regardless of the hilly terrain's height at 50 m or 150 m, the buildings are able to avoid natural ventilation in winter to the maximum extent when the distance between the buildings and the frontier of the hilly terrain is double that of the building height (i.e. 12 m). This study could contribute to theoretical instructions for optimum design of natural ventilation of rural residential buildings in the mountainous terrain of central China.

High-energy neutrinos from fast winds in novae

ABSTRACT We discuss a scenario in which TeV neutrinos are produced during explosions of novae. It is argued that hadrons are accelerated to very high energies in the inner part of a nova wind, as a result of reconnection of the strong magnetic field of a white dwarf. Hadrons are expected to interact efficiently with a dense matter of the wind, either already during the acceleration process or during their advection with the equatorial wind. We calculate the neutrino spectra and estimate the muon neutrino event rates in the IceCube telescope, in the case of a few novae. In general, those event rates are unlikely to be detected with the present neutrino detectors. However, for a favourable location of the observer, some neutrino events might be detected not only from the class of novae recently detected in the GeV γ-rays by the Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope), but also from novae not detected in γ-rays. The GeV γ-ray emission observed from novae cannot originate in terms of the model discussed here, since protons are accelerated within a few stellar radii of the white dwarf, i.e. in the region in which GeV γ-rays are expected to be severely absorbed in the interactions with the radiation field and the matter of the wind.

Актуальное состояние и территориальные диспропорции в развитии туристско-рекреационного потенциала Волгоградской области

Today, tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the structure of the world economy. Every year Russia’s share in the global tourism industry is growing, which is reflected in the economy and infrastructure of the country as a whole. The majority of Russian tour agents value the development of regional tourism, which has become a stimulus for the development of tourism in the constituent entities. In the conditions of the modern socio-economic space, the sphere of tourism and recreation can be of strategic importance for the development of regions, especially those that belong to the category of subsidized or even depressed. In this regard, a detailed study of the tourist and recreational potential of the regions is of particular importance. Volgograd region is an attractive territory for the development of regional tourism. Possessing a favorable geographic location, natural resources, and rich historical past, the region is promising for the development of modern forms of tourism and recreation. The data obtained in the course of the research are important in the implementation of comprehensive work on the tourist and recreational development of the territory of Volgograd region. On their basis, cartographic bases for the assessment and development of recreational nature management in the region are being developed and implemented. The results of these studies can be used by educational organizations of Volgograd region, executive authorities, local self-government bodies, private investors, heads of tourist companies operating domestic tourism, representatives of public organizations engaged in youth and sports tourism when developing a strategy for the tourist development of the region, planning, developing and conducting recreational activities and tourist routes on the territory of Volgograd region, and training specialists in the field of tourism and recreation.