Favorable Attitudes Research Articles

Who is ready to live a car-independent lifestyle? A latent class cluster analysis of attitudes towards car ownership and usage

An excessive use of private cars for transportation has multiple negative effects on our society. It is therefore paramount to identify the underlying factors driving car usage among different segments of travellers. In this study, we aim to identify and characterise traveller segments in terms of their car-related attitudes and how different sociodemographic attributes, travel behaviour characteristics (such as using cars as the primary mode of transportation), and the accessibility of their place of residence vary amongst different population segments. Through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Latent Profile Analysis we identify five different classes, namely car-detractors, −hesitants, −positives, −friends, and −lovers. More favourable car attitudes are associated with higher car ownership and access but, interestingly, there are no significant differences in terms of travel frequency and trip length distribution. This suggests that attitudinal differences relate mostly to modal preference rather than to the underlying travel demand patterns and the associated activities. We also see that car-less individuals are more likely to be car detractors, suggesting that the experiencing barriers for owning a car may contribute to developing more negative attitudes towards cars. Our results shed light on the different influencing factors and characteristics of individuals that consider, or not, a car-centred mobility.

Addressing disparity in attitudes and utilization of family planning among married couples in the pastoralist community of Fentale District, Eastern Ethiopia.

Despite progress in national reproductive health programs, pastoralist regions like Fentale District in Eastern Ethiopia face challenges with low contraceptive coverage, attributed to insufficient positive attitudes and uptake among couples. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to December 25, 2021, in Fentale District, Eastern Ethiopia. It involved 1,496 couples selected using multistage sampling. Data were entered into EPI Data and analyzed with SPSS (v23.0) and STATA (v14.0), employing descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression to identify predictors of contraceptive attitudes and use. The study's response rate was 93.8%, with 1,404 pastoralist couples participating, equally split between women and men. A nomadic-pastoralist lifestyle was common (64.6%), and family planning discussions were rare (93.2%). Gender disparities in contraceptive attitudes and use were evident. Contraception use was reported by 27.4%, with women (41.2%) outnumbering men (13.5%). Women showed more positive attitudes towards contraception (87.9% vs. 31.9% for men). Only 33% had favorable attitudes towards different contraceptive methods, with women more likely to be positive. Modern contraception use was low (18.2%), with women (34.8%) predominating over men (1.7%). Among users, women had a more favorable attitude (78.5% vs. 6.6% for men). Health extension workers were key information providers. Predictors of contraceptive attitudes and use included sex, education, occupation, electronic device ownership, migration frequency, treatment preferences, and family planning discussions. The limited positive attitude towards and use of family planning in Fentale District may stem from unfavorable attitudes, low adoption, and couple disparities. Key factors include gender, education, occupation, electronic device ownership, migration, treatment preferences, and family planning discussions. Targeted educational campaigns for men are needed to address these issues and reduce the gender gap in contraceptive attitudes and use.

Effects of public concerns on favorable attitudes to pandemic containment policies: a two-wave panel survey study in Hong Kong.

Regions worldwide experienced uncontrolled COVID-19 outbreaks at different times, leading to increased health concerns yet decreased support for stringent containment measures. We aimed to understand this contradiction by examining the factors influencing attitudes toward COVID-19 containment policies in Hong Kong. Using two waves of panel data collected before and after the 2022 major outbreak N = 1148), we determined that concerns over politicization and economic implications, rather than health concerns, led to a decline in favorable attitudes. The study also revealed that political stance moderated the effect of politicization but not economic concern. Based on these findings, we offer several suggestions for public health institutions to improve public favorability: Institutions should undertake sustained efforts to reduce the politicization of containment policies. Providing economic support measures and detailed explanations to the public can help mitigate concerns. Additionally, institutions should respond more promptly to the public's economic concerns during health crises.

Learners Attitude and Academic Success Towards Science

Aim. COVID-19 disrupted education, leading to new learning methods. Other factors like attitude are overlooked but can aid effective learning. This paper explores two major variables: the learners’ learning attitude and academic performance in science. The study analysed students’ learning attitude, academic performance, and relationships in a blended learning setting for science. Method. The study used a mixed-methods design, with both quantitative and qualitative phases. Participants were in a blended learning program. Results. Learning can happen in a blended learning modality, with the learners’ mean grade of 87.03 (Very Satisfactory). Learners have a favourable learning attitude towards science (3.49; moderate attitude). The highest aspect of the learning attitude of learners in the blended learning modality is affective (3.72; high attitude), followed by cognitive (3.62; moderate attitude) and behavioural (3.15; moderate attitude). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation, r(78) =.48, p < 0.01, between the LLATS and SAP of the learners in blended learning. Conclusion. Learning can effectively take place in a blended learning modality. Learners exhibit a positive attitude towards science learning in a blended learning environment, with affective attitudes ranking the highest, followed by cognitive and behavioural attitudes. This can be attributed to the teachers’ efforts in providing ample opportunities for the development of both affective and cognitive aspects of attitude. However, the pandemic has presented limitations in cultivating positive behaviour attitude. Learners persevered through challenges, thanks to dedicated teachers fostering positivity and academic growth.

Evaluation of utilization and consequences of CRP point-of-care-testing in primary care practices: qualitative interviews with general practitioners from Germany.

The use and advantages of point-of-care tests (POCTs) for C-reactive protein (CRP) in general practice, especially for upper respiratory tract infections (uRTIs), have been studied extensively. However, there is limited knowledge about test indications, prerequisites, and integration of these tests into everyday practice. This study aims to investigate the attitudes and experiences of general practitioners (GPs) in Germany regarding the use of semi-quantitative CRP-POCTs. The study places special emphasis on implementation in routine care, including testing procedures, feasibility, opportunities and barriers for specific consultation scenarios, as well as test indications and their impact on GP-patient communication. Qualitative interview study with 10 GPs (May/2023 to Aug/2023) METHOD: Ten German GPs who participated in an observational study on CRP-POCT use in general practices were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Audio recordings were transcribed and content analysis was performed. Interviewed GPs stated that CRP-POCTs offer several advantages for various treatment cases. They improve diagnostic confidence and certainty of GPs' therapeutic decisions, and offer a broad spectrum of indications and application scenarios. Additionally, they have a positive impact on GP-patient communication, and their ease of use enables rapid implementation into existing workflows. On the other hand, CRP-POCT increase the time required for test performance and patient consultation. Due to the numerous benefits of semi-quantitative CRP-POCTs, interviewed GPs have a favourable attitude towards their regular integration into everyday practice. Implementation barriers include increased time and personnel expenses for testing and inadequate reimbursement by German statutory health insurance.

Unveiling the drivers of sustainable housing choices among millennials in emerging markets

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the complex interplay between technology, personal norms and emotional factors in shaping the sustainable housing choices of millennials in emerging economies. It integrates the model of goal-directed behavior, technology acceptance model and norm activation model, incorporating both self-interest and prosocial motivations. Key adaptations involve replacing perceived behavioral control with financial self-efficacy and substituting hedonic motivation for anticipated positive emotions. Moreover, it introduces location as a practical anchor. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive research design was used in this study. Data were gathered from a sample of 610 millennial residential real estate investors across Indian smart cities. A multistage stratified sampling technique was used to ensure a representative sample. For data analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling was used. The analysis focused on hypothesis testing to examine the relationships between the constructs of interest. Bootstrap t-values and effect sizes were used to assess the significance and magnitude of these relationships, respectively. Findings One of the key findings of this study was the establishment of significant positive relationships between awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility and personal norms with behavioral intentions. This underscored the importance of personal ethical considerations in shaping intentions. Perceived usefulness and ease of use were found to significantly influence attitudes positively, highlighting the relevance of these factors in forming favorable attitudes toward behaviors. Attitude, subjective norms, financial self-efficacy and location played significant positive roles. However, negative anticipated emotions decreased desire. This illustrated the complex role emotions play in motivational processes. The study also revealed that subjective norms did not significantly contribute to shaping personal norms. This indicated a potential decoupling of societal expectations from personal ethical obligations in the decision-making process. Practical implications This study offers actionable insights for both policymakers and real estate developers. For policymakers, the findings highlight the need to craft initiatives that go beyond mere awareness, instead fostering a deep sense of personal responsibility and environmental stewardship among potential homebuyers. For real estate developers, the emphasis on financial self-efficacy and location suggests a strategy shift toward designing sustainable homes that not only meet environmental standards but also align with buyers’ financial confidence and geographic preferences. Together, these strategies can drive a more widespread adoption of sustainable housing, making sustainability a tangible and appealing choice for millennials. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this empirical research study was one of the first studies that contributed to the literature by integrating the model of goal-directed behavior, technology acceptance model and norm activation model. This study thus offered a nuanced understanding of the interplay between normative influences, usability perceptions, ethical considerations and emotions in the context of behavioral intentions.

Abstract B101: Knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy toward cancer genetic testing among Black women with and without breast cancer

Abstract Germline genetic testing for cancer risk offers opportunities for decision-making about screening and clinical risk management for individuals and their family members. Despite increasing availability of cancer genetic testing, Black individuals are still much less likely to receive or engage with testing compared to non-Hispanic white individuals. We sought to identify individual level factors influencing knowledge about and attitudes toward cancer genetic testing among Black women with and without breast cancer. Participants included 925 women from the Black Women’s Health Study who had previously provided a biospecimen for research and were invited to have their cancer genetic research findings confirmed via a CLIA-certified laboratory and learn their results as part of a randomized controlled trial. Prior to confirmation testing, all women completed a baseline questionnaire about personal and family history of cancer; prior genetic testing for hereditary cancer; and knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in one’s ability to use genetic information (genetics self-efficacy). We used linear regression to evaluate individual-level factors influencing cancer genetics knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Overall, mean knowledge score was 12.3 out of 16 (SD, 2.5); there were no differences in knowledge score between women who had a personal history of breast cancer and those who did not. While the majority of women answered most questions correctly, 20-30% of women were unable to correctly answer questions about validity of test results, clinical implications of a variant of uncertain significance, and legal protections against health insurance discrimination. Younger age, higher educational attainment, being married, and having had prior genetic testing were statistically significant predictors of higher total knowledge score. There were no differences in mean knowledge scores by first degree family history of breast cancer or personal history of breast or other cancer. Predictors of favorable attitudes and genetics self-efficacy included younger age, higher educational attainment, and being married. Women with a personal history of breast cancer had somewhat more favorable attitudes toward genetic testing compared to those with no prior history of breast cancer. In multivariable adjusted models, higher total knowledge was associated with more favorable attitudes and higher self-efficacy. In this cohort of highly educated Black women, overall cancer genetics knowledge was relatively high; however, evaluation of individual knowledge questions revealed opportunities for improvement in specific areas. Older women, those with lower educational attainment, and women who are not married or living as married may benefit from more targeted education about genetic cancer testing. Further, despite the role genetic testing currently plays in guiding cancer treatment, Black women who had breast cancer did not have higher knowledge scores than those without breast cancer and therefore may also benefit from targeted education. Citation Format: Kimberly A. Bertrand, Michelle Trevino-Talbot, Maggie Rudderman, Maureen Flynn, Howard J. Cabral, Julie R. Palmer, Catharine Wang. Knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy toward cancer genetic testing among Black women with and without breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B101.

What do suicide loss survivors think of physician-assisted suicide: a comparative analysis of suicide loss survivors and the general population in Germany

BackgroundPhysician-assisted suicide (PAS) and voluntary euthanasia remain highly debated topics in society, drawing attention due to their ethical, legal, and emotional complexities. Within this debate, the loss of a loved one through suicide may shape the attitudes of survivors, resulting in more or less favorable attitudes towards this topic.AimsThis study aims to explore and compare the attitudes towards PAS and voluntary euthanasia in a population of suicide loss survivors and the general population, while also considering socio-demographic factors.MethodsA total of 529 participants, 168 of whom were survivors of suicide loss, completed an online questionnaire on their attitudes (NOBAS) and opinions (open response format) towards PAS and voluntary euthanasia, as well as regarding their legalization in Germany. The analysis consisted of both quantitative and qualitative components.ResultsThe entire sample showed positive attitudes towards PAS and voluntary euthanasia in terminally ill persons. Participants were more divided in their attitudes towards PAS in the case of a mental health disorder. Individuals without experienced suicide loss were more liberal regarding legalization in Germany and were more likely to understand the wish for PAS. Survivors of suicide loss were mainly concerned about the consequences for relatives. However, differences between both groups are small.DiscussionThe experience of a loss by suicide influences attitudes towards PAS and voluntary euthanasia. Both groups showed an accepting attitude towards PAS and voluntary euthanasia, but also expressed concerns and fears regarding easy accessibility and consequences for grieving relatives.

The eyes have it: How do gender cues in wine labels influence U.S. women wine consumers?

Little is known about women wine consumers’ reactions to gender cues in marketing communication despite their increasing purchasing power. This research examines the effects of gender cues (feminine vs. masculine) in wine labels on women wine consumers' attitudes, sensory expectations, sensory evaluations, and purchase intentions. Two online experiments and one field test involving 462 valid responses from U.S. women consumers reveal that they hold more favorable attitudes and intentions towards feminine (vs. masculine) wine labels. The moderating effects of in-group gender identification and wine knowledge were discussed. This study responds to calls for more research about women consumers in the hospitality field and extends the application of gender schema theory to hospitality literature. The findings offer updated knowledge on how to approach gender in hospitality marketing, particularly wine marketing. This research enriches hospitality literature in terms of gender marketing and provides substantial practical implications for the wine industry.

Attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS through the EAPVVS-E: A descriptive analysis in nursing students

BackgroundDespite advances in antiretroviral treatment, stigma towards people with HIV/AIDS continues to exist. Nursing students, as future key players in health care, must advocate for the elimination of stigma through education, empathy and the creation of a supportive environment. This holistic approach is crucial to improving their quality of life and moving towards the eradication of HIV/AIDS. AimTo identify nursing students' attitudes towards people living with HIV or AIDS and their relationship with sociodemographic and academic-cultural variables of the participants. DesignA cross-sectional study was performed. SettingsThe research was carried out in the Nursing Degree of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Ceuta Campus of the University of Granada. ParticipantsConvenience sampling was used to recruit 284 students of the degree in Nursing. MethodsData were collected voluntarily and on an anonymous basis, using the “Attitudes Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Scale in Nursing Students”. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. ResultsFactors 1 (Professional Practice), 2 (Social Integration) and 3 (Partner and Family) exhibited mean scores considered to be favourable attitudes (>4 points). In contrast, Factor 4, called Benevolent Stigma, had a mean score of 3.68 ± 0.97. Religious beliefs, academic year, sexual orientation, academic practices and age are considered influential variables in the different factors. ConclusionsNursing students present attitudes with favourable scores. However, these results highlight the importance of influencing the different factors, especially in the second year of the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing in our sample. Thus, an educational intervention in this area would be necessary to reinforce the values of humanised care.

What's the beef with gene editing? An investigation of factors influencing U.S. consumers’ acceptance of beef from gene-edited cattle

Gene-editing technology provides promising opportunities for livestock industries by enabling precise genetic modifications that enhance desirable traits such as increased disease resistance, heat tolerance, and nutritional quality. With gene-edited beef products entering the market soon, understanding consumers’ acceptance is critical. Using structural equation modeling, the study aimed to determine how key psychological and social factors influence U.S. consumers’ attitudes toward gene editing and their behavioral intentions toward ground beef from gene-edited cattle. Results indicate that knowledge, subjective social norms, and perceived benefits positively influenced attitudes, while perceived risks and food technology neophobia negatively influenced attitudes. Subjective social norms, perceived benefits, and attitudes positively influenced behavioral intentions, while perceived risks and food technology neophobia negatively influenced intentions. Attitudes acted as a partial mediator, significantly mediating the effects of subjective social norms, perceived benefits, perceived risks, and food technology neophobia on behavioral intentions. Improving consumers’ behavioral intentions toward ground beef from gene-edited cattle hinges on cultivating more favorable attitudes toward the technology. Thus, collaborative efforts by scientists, producers, policymakers, extension agents, and agricultural communicators should seek to increase consumers’ perceived benefits and improve subjective social norms, as these factors were most influential.

Decentralization and attitudes towards the environment: Survey-based evidence

Attitudes towards the environment are changing around the world. This may be due to greater awareness about environmental challenges, in part motivated by climate change, but also innovations in the policy landscape, such as those associated with decentralization, or the assignment of policymaking, administrative and political responsibilities to the subnational levels of administration. Decentralization brings the government closer to the people and creates room for bottom-up policy experimentation and citizen participation in policy design, which may influence attitudes. To shed light on these linkages, this paper provides survey-based empirical evidence based on data from the World Values Survey that exposure to decentralization contributes to more favorable attitudes towards the environment, controlling for personal and household characteristics of respondents, as well as country and cohort fixed effects.

Knowledge, Aptitude, and Practice Study Regarding Modifiable Factors Among Females Diagnosed With PCOS

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong endocrine disorder affecting reproductive, metabolic, and psychological health. Despite its prevalence, especially in South Asian populations, awareness of lifestyle modifications for managing PCOS remains inadequate.Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding modifiable factors such as exercise among women diagnosed with PCOS in Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over four months at the Divisional Head Quarter Hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan, involving 255 women aged 18-45 years diagnosed with PCOS. Data were collected using a self-designed Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were used for analysis.Results: The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 18.16 (SD = 3.56), 8.45 (SD = 2.66), and 6.57 (SD = 1.74), respectively. 44.31% of participants had poor practice habits, and only 2.7% had been referred to physiotherapists. Emotional distress was common, with 35.3% reporting anxiety.Conclusion: Despite moderate knowledge and favorable attitudes, the adoption of lifestyle modifications for PCOS management is low. A multidisciplinary approach integrating physiotherapy and psychological support is needed to improve health outcomes for women with PCOS.

Assessment of attitude, knowledge, and practices of nurses on correct administration of DR-TB treatment to paediatric patients

BackgroundDrug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) is a rising health concern that affects approximately 25 000 children annually. Nurses form much of the health care workforce in South Africa and play a crucial role in caring for children receiving DR-TB treatment. Explorations of the nurse’s experiences regarding the manipulation of dosage forms for DR-TB paediatric patients are also absent.AimTo determine attitude, knowledge, and practices of nurses on correct administration of DR-TB treatment to paediatric patients.MethodA qualitative method, utilising individual semi-structured interviews, was used to collect data in a specialised TB hospital. A semi-structured interview was developed and divided into three sections i.e. sociodemographic and professional data, perceptions about working with paediatric patients with DR-TB and knowledge regarding manipulation of dosage forms. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 10 nurses were interviewed using the semi-structured interview guide that was developed. The saturation point was reached after 8 interviews were conducted. Two additional interviews were conducted. From the interviews conducted, 4 major themes and 16 sub-themes were identified.DiscussionManipulation of dosage forms to achieve the required dose is common practice in the paediatric population. The interviewees presented generally favourable attitudes towards working with DR-TB children and were experienced with manipulation of available dosage forms to administer to children. Based on the practice of manipulation of dosage forms, continuous education is necessary to ensure patient safety.

Coronavirus disease-19 vaccine uptake, willingness for vaccination, and associated Factors among chronic follow patients attending in the two comprehensive specialized hospitals of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

BackgroundEven though the disease has spread throughout the world, with millions killed, global COVID-19 vaccination coverage remains low, particularly in developing countries. However, epidemiological data is lacking in the area. Hence, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 uptake, willingness for vaccination, and associated factors.MethodA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2022, among patients attending chronic follow-up clinics in the two comprehensive specialized hospitals in Bahir Dar. The total sample size was 423. Participants were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Data was gathered using a pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. A descriptive analysis was performed. A binary logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between variables. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 in the multi-variable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe analysis included 400 out of 423 participants, representing a 95% response rate. The COVID-19 vaccination uptake was 46.8%, while the acceptance was 60.5%. About 56% and 68% of the respondents had good knowledge and a favorable attitude, respectively. Elderly people were 2.7 times more likely to be vaccinated. Similarly, urban residents were 3.94 times more vaccinated. The probability of being vaccinated among respondents with good knowledge and favorable attitudes was 70% and 79%, respectively. The willingness for vaccination increased among those individuals with favorable attitudes (AOR: 1.82). Urban people were less likely to accept vaccination (AOR: 0.46). Some participants misunderstood that vaccination may aggravate their disease condition.ConclusionThe overall COVID-19 vaccine uptake and acceptance for vaccination were low compared to what was estimated by the WHO. Age, residence, knowledge, and attitude were associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and acceptance of vaccination. Besides, there was a high level of rumor about the status of the vaccine and risk factors. Hence, special emphasis is warranted to deliver centrally trusted information. Moreover, further nationwide studies are warranted in the future.

Awareness of down syndrome screening among educated Muslim women is associated with a favorable attitude toward testing

ObjectiveThere is a general assumption that Muslim women refuse Down syndrome screening, and therefore, many health practitioners do not offer it or briefly discuss it with their participants. This study aims to objectively assess women’s awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward Down Syndrome screening (D.S.S) in a Muslim-majority population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among attendees of antenatal clinics at a major university hospital in Saudi Arabia, aiming for a sample size of at least 385 Muslim women. A semi-structured questionnaire assessed awareness of different D.S.S. options and the source of that information (2 items), specific knowledge of D.S.S. (14 items), and attitudes (4 items). The knowledge and attitudes scores were calculated using a five-level agreement Likert-type scale.ResultsAmong 434 participants, with an even distribution among all age groups and a majority of a college degree holder or higher (71%), 178 (41.0%) reported awareness of D.S.S. Factors associated with increased awareness were maternal age above 40 or those under 30, nulliparity, and extended family history of fetal congenital anomalies (P-value = 0.03,0.015, and 0.017, respectively). Recognized tests were ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency (71.9%) and first-trimester serum screening (58.4%). The sources of knowledge were obstetricians (53.9%), followed by family and friends (27.0%). The overall mean ± SD knowledge score was 53.9 ± 8.7 out of 70, and the mean attitude score was 17.4 ± 2.9 out of 20. Having 1 or 2 children is associated with a higher knowledge score, and most participants who reported awareness of D.S.S. (51.7%) had a favorable attitude toward screening.ConclusionAwareness of D.S.S. among Muslim women is associated with favorable attitudes towards testing, contradicting the general assumption and highlighting the need for systematic education to increase awareness and subsequent testing uptake.

Factors affecting teachers’ practices of inclusive instructional strategies in teaching students with visual impairments in schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

This study aimed to investigate factors affecting teachers’ practice of inclusive instructional strategies in teaching students with visual impairments (SVI) in regular schools of Addis Ababa. The study employed a quantitative methodology, with cross-sectional survey design. Data was gathered, using a survey questionnaire, from 421 teachers from 19 primary and 15 secondary schools. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the influence of knowledge, self-efficacy &amp; attitudes on the practice of inclusive instruction strategies in teaching SVI in regular schools. The outcomes indicated that teachers had the required knowledge about inclusive instruction strategies. Conversely, a moderate level of teachers’ self-efficacy (M=3.00, SD=1.01) in teaching SVI and favorable attitudes towards inclusion of SVI (M=3.92, SD=0.64) were found in this study. Similarly, this study demonstrated a moderate level of teachers’ practice of inclusive instruction strategies in teaching SVI (M=2.69 out of 4, SD=0.83). Teachers’ self-efficacy and attitude were found to be significant predictors of practice, while knowledge was not a significant predictor. Self-efficacy accounted for 25.5% of the variance in practice, which was the most significant predictor of practice. All the independent variables together explained 31.4% of the variance in practice. Conclusion and possible implications for practice were indicated.

Determinants of Tangible Breastfeeding Support Among Health Workers: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Breastfeeding is crucial in providing infants with needed nutrition and immunity to foster their healthy growth and development; yet, optimal support from health workers is critical for it to be successful. To determine factors influencing tangible breastfeeding support among health workers in Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nigeria's six geopolitical zones between August 2022 and February 2023 among health workers (N = 2,922). Data were gathered through an interviewer-administered, validated questionnaire. Significant factors of tangible breastfeeding support were identified through multivariable logistic regression, and corresponding odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. The mean age of the health workers was 28.6 (SD = 9.3) years. Just 45% (1,316) achieved optimal scores for tangible breastfeeding support. Only 31.4% (918) of lactation support providers/specialists practice tangible breastfeeding support and half (50.6%, 1,479) had a favorable attitude towards providing tangible breastfeeding support. About two-fifths (39.3%, 1,148) engaged caregivers in reviewing breast milk storage procedures, whereas, 54.6% (1,595) and 78.0% (2,279) of health workers assisted with breast pumps and breastfeeding attachment respectively. The odds of having optimal tangible breastfeeding support were higher for health workers aged 52 years or older compared to those aged under 20 years (aOR 1.88, 95% CI [1.13, 3.12]), a positive attitude (aOR 1.43, 95% CI [1.22, 1.69]), availability of a breastfeeding champion (aOR 1.47, 95% CI [1.21, 1.79]), 1.69]), provision of breast-pump videos (aOR; 2.33, 95% CI [1.85, 2.95]), and hand-expression videos (aOR; 1.41, 95% CI [1.02, 1.79]). (duplication). Health workers' tangible breastfeeding support in Nigeria is suboptimal and is driven by age, service level, attitude, availability of breastfeeding champions, and appropriate practice aids. Targeted interventions to improve health workers' attitudes, technical skills, provision of aids, and task shifting to non-specialists are needed for optimal tangible breastfeeding support.

Multilevel barriers to guideline implementation: a nationwide multi-professional cross-sectional study within child and adolescent psychiatry

BackgroundDespite efforts to promote guideline use, guideline adoption is often suboptimal due to failure to identify and address relevant barriers. Barriers vary not only between guidelines but also between settings, intended users, and targeted patients. Multi-professional guidelines are often used in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), making the implementation process more difficult. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about which barriers to consider or if barriers vary by profession. The aim of this study was to address these gaps by examining barriers to adopting a multi-professional depression guideline in the context of a nationwide implementation study.Methods440 CAMHS clinicians across Sweden (52%) completed the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (BFAI) ahead of an implementation endeavour. BFAI is a widely used and validated measure of guideline implementation on four scales: Innovation, Provider, Context, and Patient. Barriers were calculated at scale and at item levels. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to analyse differences by profession and effect sizes were calculated.ResultsOverall, clinicians were optimistic about guideline uptake, particularly about guideline characteristics and their own adoption ability. Barriers were related to the patient and the context domains, as well as to individual clinician knowledge and training. Perceptions differed across professions; psychiatrists were most, and counsellors were least positive about guideline embeddedness.ConclusionThis large-scale quantitative study suggests that CAMHS clinicians have an overall favourable attitude towards guideline adoption but highlights the need for adaptations to certain patient groups. Strategies to improve guideline use should primarily address these patient issues while securing proper support to the implementation. Implementation efforts, particularly those targeting staff knowledge, training, and involvement, may benefit from being tailored to different professional needs. These findings may inform implementation projects in CAMHS and future research.

Illegally beautiful? The role of trust and persuasion knowledge in online image manipulation disclosure effects

The accessibility of powerful photo editing tools has caused image retouching and manipulation to become widespread among sponsored social media content. Images in sponsored posts featuring influencers are often edited to reflect unrealistic body proportions, potentially harming consumers if they compare themselves to unattainable beauty standards. In response to this trend, regulators in different countries have moved to consider or adopt disclosure policies; however, disclosure practices and their effects have not been extensively studied. An online experimental study (N = 480) identified that low- and high-detail disclosures of image manipulation lowered consumer trust. Decreased trust led consumers to use their persuasion knowledge, resulting in less favorable attitudes toward both the brand and influencer, reduced interest in seeking more information about the brand, and diminished body comparison. Finally, implications for various stakeholders, including content creators, brands, and policy-makers, are discussed.