Faulty Equipment Research Articles

Assessment of Hazards and Safety Practices in Food and Beverage Industry in Nigeria

The assessment of safety hazards is fundamental to an effective risk management in any industry. Food and beverage production involves a variety of industrial processes with associated hazards. Effective safety practices are used to reduce workplace hazards and promote safety in the work environment. This paper evaluated safety hazards and safety practices in the food and beverage industry (FBI) in South-South, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire designed in accordance with World Health Organization standard was administered to a total of 144 workers, out of which 134 (93.0%) were completed and returned. The questionnaire was fashioned to extract information on types of hazards, awareness of safety hazards, implementation of hazards and risks control measures and the effectiveness of safety hazards and risk management programmes in the food and beverage industry. A modified four-point Likert Scale was used to analyze and evaluate the questionnaire. A Proportional Importance Index (PII) was used to rank each factor variable in the questionnaire. The study identified the major hazards in the FBI as working at height (with PII = 3.3, respondents = 91%); high voltage areas (PII = 3.1 and respondents = 90%), loud noise (PII = 3.0, respondents = 80%), machines and equipment vibration (PII = 2.8, respondents = 69%) and faulty machines and equipment (PII = 2.7, respondents = 65%). The level of awareness on safety hazards amongst the workers was statistically significant (p < 0.05, 95%CI; PII = 3.1 - 3.6). The outcome of intervention showed that FBI-2 improved from 79.62% to 96.82%, FBI-3 improved from 89.81% to 96.18%, FBI-4 improved from 78.34% to 95.54% on worker’s knowledge on the assessment of hazards and risk in the FBIs. There was effective implementation of safety hazards and risks management programmes and controls in the FBI. Administrative control measures are used to reduce hazards and workers make adequate use of personnel protective equipment. There is need to evaluate the risks associated with identified high ranking hazards and develop a risk management framework for the industry based on ISO 31000 and other relevant safety regulations and guidelines.

On the Risk to Declare EMC Compliant a Faulty EUT During Radiated Susceptibility Tests in Reverberation Chambers

This paper presents a general method, experimentally validated, highlighting the influence of the number of stirring configurations used during radiated susceptibility tests performed in reverberation chambers in terms of reliability and confidence of the obtained results. This Monte-Carlo based approach (with routines available on demand) computes the risk to declare compliant from an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) point of view a faulty equipment under test. This risk is calculated according to the number of stirring configurations chosen for the test and to the uncertainty of the electromagnetic field strength applied on the equipment. The proposed method is shown to be applicable for any equipment independently of its size and directivity (or more precisely its receiving polarization pattern). Overtesting is shown in this context to be a promising solution able to increase the confidence of the users about the EMC compliance of tested equipment. The paper also illustrates the possibility to extract the minimum susceptibility level of a valid EUT as a function of the testing conditions.

Analysis of gas composition in oil-filled faulty equipment with acetylene as the key gas

The article presents results of oil-dissolved gas analysis for 239 units of high-voltage equipment with faults under which acetylene is the key gas. The analysis revealed 13 types of fault with acetylene as the key gas that are differentiated by values of the dissolved gas ratios, their concentrations, and fault nomographs. For each type of fault, graphic domains are plotted that, unlike the nomographs, allow taking into account a possible coordinate drift. A graphic domain based fault identification technique is introduced. The types of fault are briefly described, examples of their identification by different investigators given. Duval Triangle based comparative analysis of the equipment diagnosis data is performed. It is revealed that diagnoses made by different methods may differ significantly both from each other and from actual diagnoses. The results presented allow increasing fault identification accuracy via dissolved gas analysis data.

The industrial injuries in the daily life of workers of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine in the late XIX – early XX centuries

The paper deals with the problem of occupational injuries in the daily life of the workers of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine in the late XIX and early XX centuries. During this period, the tendency to increase the level of occupational injuries among Ukrainian metallurgists dominated. The analysis of accidents statistics at the mining enterprises showed 3 spikes of occupational injuries: 1897-1899, 1900 and 1904. This can be explained, first, by the opening of new enterprises, which led to an increase in the number of employees, and secondly, the adoption of new legislative acts , which regulated the complete registration of all accidents at industrial enterprises.The analysis of the periodicals in the early of the XX century, reports of physicians and official statistical sources helped to comprehensively analyze the main causes and types of occupational injuries. The nature of the injuries was varied. Most of them occurred due to falling or striking heavy objects. Burns and injuries due to faulty equipment were one of the most common causes of injury in the workplace. For example, in 1901, every 38-th employee suffered from a fall or strike with a heavy subject, every 114-th of the burns, and every 127-th was injured due to defective equipment at the metallurgical plant.Complex production processes at the new metallurgical enterprises, exhausting working conditions, inexperience, inattention of newly-arrived workers and neglect of their safety rules were the main causes of accidents at metallurgical plants of Ukraine in the late XIX and early XX centuries. The issue of medical care for Ukrainian metallurgists is inextricably linked with the theme of work. In order to regulate medical assistance, the government in 1866 adopted a resolution obliging business owner to take measures for timely medical care. The factories opened hospitals. This has had a positive impact on providing first aid to the victims and their further treatment.

PO 8472 EACCR-2 INSTITUTIONAL CLINICAL RESEARCH CAPACITY ASSESSMENT: CASE STUDY OF SIAYA COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL, WESTERN KENYA

BackgroundInfrastructural inadequacies and lack of research management expertise impede optimal research participation by Ministries of Health in Africa. The East African Consortium for Clinical Research (EACCR-2) network champions research strengthening through capacity building and partnership with local institutions to improve research output in the region. The Siaya County Referral Hospital was evaluated for research needs in preparation for a future clinical trial.MethodsIn April 1018, we interviewed departmental in-charges or designees for administrative, financial and clinical data management, laboratory records and information technology (IT). Standardised assessment questionnaires were used.ResultsFive of the seven respondents interviewed were males. Patient populations such as children, adolescents and pregnant mothers were identified as having unique characteristics. They are to be considered for future inpatient and outpatient clinical trials. There is little research exposure among clinical, data and laboratory staff despite some of them receiving GCP and GCLP training.An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is in place and it reviews both academic research proposals and large multicentre clinical trials before studies are carried out. However, the members lack appropriate training in bioethics.Acute staff shortage, reagent stock-outs, space constraints, and faulty equipment limit the laboratory’s capacity. Insufficient IT support and internet access cause delays in data entry. A lack of expertise in monitoring, data analysis and statistics, of financial management systems and library services were also identified.ConclusionThe hospital’s capacity to conduct clinical research is low. Assessment findings highlighted funding constraints faced at the referral hospital in a country burdened by disease. North-South partnership through EDCTP will contribute towards addressing part of these gaps.

Providing oxygen to children and newborns: a multi-faceted technical and clinical assessment of oxygen access and oxygen use in secondary-level hospitals in southwest Nigeria.

BackgroundOxygen is an essential medical therapy that is poorly available globally. We evaluated the quality of oxygen therapy in 12 secondary-level Nigerian hospitals, including access to oxygen equipment, equipment functionality, healthcare worker knowledge and appropriateness of use.MethodsWe conducted a three-part evaluation of oxygen access and use involving: (1) facility assessment (including technical evaluation of oxygen equipment), (2) clinical audit (children and neonates admitted January 2014–December 2015) and (3) survey of healthcare worker training and experience on the clinical use of oxygen (November 2015).ResultsOxygen access for children and newborns is compromised by faulty equipment, lack of pulse oximetry and inadequate care practices. One hospital used pulse oximetry for paediatric care. Eleven hospitals had some access to oxygen supplies. Testing of 57 oxygen concentrators revealed two (3.5%) that were ‘fit for use’. Overall, 14.4% (3708/25 677) of children and neonates received oxygen some time during their admission; 19.4% (1944/10 000) of hypoxaemic children received oxygen; 38.5% (1217/3161) of children who received oxygen therapy were not hypoxaemic.ConclusionsOxygen access for children in Nigerian hospitals is poor, and likely results in substantial excess mortality. To improve oxygen access for children globally we must focus on actual provision of oxygen to patients—not simply the presence of oxygen equipment at the facility level. This requires a systematic approach to improve both oxygen (access [including equipment, maintenance and affordability]) and oxygen use (including pulse oximetry, guidelines and continuing education).

Assessing Barriers to Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Service Delivery in Mzuzu City

Medical laboratories provide confirmatory diagnosis and evidence based management of diseases, essential public health information and disease surveillance. A wide variety of research studies suggest that breakdowns in the diagnostic process result in a staggering toll of harm, patient deaths and wastage of valuable medical resources already constrained in the developing world. The objective of this study was to assess barriers to delivery of optimal laboratory diagnostic services in Mzuzu city. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using quantitative research approach. Three categories of laboratories were selected from the public, faith based and private health systems. Stratified sampling was used to select laboratory practioners while purposive sampling was used to select administrators from each health facility. The data was analysed by the measures of central tendency mean plus measures of variability, range, standard deviation and standard error, using SPSS version 20. The findings of the study were that laboratory practioners identified several barriers to affect quality diagnostic services: 79% of laboratory staff reported short supply of laboratory supplies, work overloads (69%), frequent equipment failure (22%), scarcity of modern equipment (20%) and others. Administrators (67%) reported a limited budget allocation to the public and faith based hospitals. The study also found that there were some barriers that were more frequent than others such as shortage of laboratory supplies (84%), work overloads (70%), lack of refresher training (34%), frequent equipment failure (28%) and others. The study also found that laboratory practitioners employed several countermeasures to overcome technical barriers to diagnostics. 44% reported that they would stop tests when reagents run out of stock, wait for maintenance of equipment and stop tests (38%), higher cadres would delegate work to lower level cadres (31%), improvise on faulty equipment and expired reagents (26%) and many others. No laboratory had adequate quality management systems in place. The recommendations of this study were to strengthen human resources planning for laboratory professionals, establish or strengthen national laboratory regulatory and representative bodies to improve governance and enhance quality, and promote work and competency based in-service training to ensure that staff skills are up to date and competency is demonstrated.

A Generic Multi-Layer Architecture Based on ROS-JADE Integration for Autonomous Transport Vehicles.

The design and operation of manufacturing systems is evolving to adapt to different challenges. One of the most important is the reconfiguration of the manufacturing process in response to context changes (e.g., faulty equipment or urgent orders, among others). In this sense, the Autonomous Transport Vehicle (ATV) plays a key role in building more flexible and decentralized manufacturing systems. Nowadays, robotic frameworks (RFs) are used for developing robotic systems such as ATVs, but they focus on the control of the robotic system itself. However, social abilities are required for performing intelligent interaction (peer-to-peer negotiation and decision-making) among the different and heterogeneous Cyber Physical Production Systems (such as machines, transport systems and other equipment present in the factory) to achieve manufacturing reconfiguration. This work contributes a generic multi-layer architecture that integrates a RF with a Multi-Agent System (MAS) to provide social abilities to ATVs. This architecture has been implemented on ROS and JADE, the most widespread RF and MAS framework, respectively. We believe this to be the first work that addresses the intelligent interaction of transportation systems for flexible manufacturing environments in a holistic form.

반도체 제조공정 내 불량설비 시퀀스 탐지

Maintenance of quality level is essential in semiconductor manufacturing that contains a series of complicated processes and equipment. Recently, the problem of abnormal quality caused by the inadequate process sequence has become an important quality management issue. Furthermore, characterization of the sequential combination of the process and equipment that cause the abnormal quality is a crucial task in manufacturing systems. In this study, we propose the methodology that detects the sequence of faulty equipment based on hidden Markov models. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach were demonstrated through the experiments using a simulator that reflects the actual manufacturing conditions.

Evaluation of oral hygiene services in selected public health facilities in Lusaka district of Zambia.

Around the globe many people are suffering from oral pain and other problems of the mouth or teeth. This public health problem is growing rapidly in developing countries where oral health services are limited. This study was conducted in the public health centers and first level hospitals with dental units (DUs) in Lusaka district. Adequacy of dental equipment, instruments and materials required for scaling and polishing (S&P) and oral hygiene instructions (OHI) was evaluated. Challenges faced by the dental therapists (DTs) in the entire DUs were also evaluated. This was a mixed method study; quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire which contained a standard facility assessment check list. Qualitative data was collected by conducting in-depth interviews. The study results showed that the oral hygiene services offered by the selected DUs in Lusaka district were inadequate. A fully functional dental chair was available only in fifty percent of the DUs, only twenty percent of the facilities had fully functional ultrasonic scaling unit, none of the facilities had all the instruments for polishing. The DTs work under stressful conditions as sixty percent of the facilities were understaffed; the supply of dental instruments and materials was poor; delay in repairing faulty equipment; risk of exposure to air borne infections as most of the facilities have space and ventilation problems. Recommendations of this study point towards an urgent need to improve and coordinate the oral health care system.

Workers’ Compliance with Measures for Safe Environment in Quarry Industries in Abakaliki Town of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Hazards in quarry industries are unavoidable and inimical to the health of man and environment. Occupational health and safety measures mitigate the effect of the hazards. This study investigated the extent of workers’ compliance with measures for safe environment in quarry industries in Abakaliki capital development territory of Ebonyi State. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study consisted of 3450 workers of quarry industries in the area under survey. A sample of 358 workers was chosen using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a 15-item structured questionnaire tagged Measures for Safe Environment Compliance Questionnaire (MSECQ). Internal consistency of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha co-efficient and the overall reliability coefficient was 0.96. Research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while hypotheses were tested using t-test and one way analysis of variance. Alpha level for test of hypotheses was set 0.05. The results show that workers highly comply with measures for safe environment, exhibit high compliance with measures for safe environment in relation to reporting safety problems and every faulty equipment to management as well as working only when there is proper lighting. They show low compliance with measures for safe environment with regard to urinating into toilet/urinal within the quarry and defecating into toilet within the quarry. There is no significant difference between male and female workers in the level of compliance with measures for safe environment. There is significant difference in workers compliance with measures for safe environment based on level of education. It is recommended that the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) should liaise with state and local health authorities in the health education of quarry workers and general control of quarries. Also, owners of quarries should take responsibility for every act of non-compliance in quarries and should ensure regular health education and training of workers and regular hazard control in the quarries.

Anomaly Detection and Modeling in 802.11 Wireless Networks

IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks are getting more and more popular at university campuses, enterprises, shopping centers, airports and in so many other public places, providing Internet access to a large crowd openly and quickly. The wireless users are also getting more dependent on WiFi technology and therefore demanding more reliability and higher performance for this vital technology. However, due to unstable radio conditions, faulty equipment, and dynamic user behavior among other reasons, there are always unpredictable performance problems in a wireless covered area. Detection and prediction of such problems is of great significance to network managers if they are to alleviate the connectivity issues of the mobile users and provide a higher quality wireless service. This paper aims to improve the management of the 802.11 wireless networks by characterizing and modeling wireless usage patterns in a set of anomalous scenarios that can occur in such networks. We apply time-invariant (Gaussian Mixture Models) and time-variant (Hidden Markov Models) modeling approaches to a dataset generated from a large production network and describe how we use these models for anomaly detection. We then generate several common anomalies on a Testbed network and evaluate the proposed anomaly detection methodologies in a controlled environment. The experimental results of the Testbed show that HMM outperforms GMM and yields a higher anomaly detection ratio and a lower false alarm rate.

An anomaly detection framework for identifying energy theft and defective meters in smart grids

Smart meters are progressively deployed to replace its antiquated predecessor to measure and monitor consumers’ consumption in smart grids. Although smart meters are equipped with encrypted communication and tamper-detection features, they are likely to be exposed to multiple cyber attacks. These meters may be easily compromised to falsify meter readings, which increases the chances and diversifies the types of energy theft. To thwart energy fraud from smart meters, utility providers are identifying anomalous consumption patterns reported to operation centers by leveraging on consumers’ consumption data collected from advanced metering infrastructure. In this paper, we put forward a new anomaly detection framework to evaluate consumers’ energy utilization behavior for identifying the localities of potential energy frauds and faulty meters. Metrics known as the loss factor and error term are introduced to estimate the amount of technical losses and capture the measurement noise, respectively in the distribution lines and transformers. The anomaly detection framework is then enhanced to detect consumers’ malfeasance and faulty meters even when there are intermittent cheating and faulty equipment, improving its robustness. Results from both simulations and test rig show that the proposed framework can successfully locate fraudulent consumers and discover faulty smart meters.

EPA did not use possibly flawed methane data

In an attempt to resolve a scientific controversy stretching back to 2013, the inspector general for the U.S. EPA has determined that the agency has not relied on possibly flawed results from a study of methane emissions from oil and gas fields. Critics claimed that the study was based on inaccurate measurements made using faulty equipment. They alleged the study underestimated emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from U.S. oil and gas fields. In a report released on March 16, the inspector general found that the devices were EPA approved. The inspector general did not find conclusive evidence of misuse. Additionally, EPA did not use the study’s emission figures for development of its greenhouse gas inventory or for the agency’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, the report says. Nor did EPA use the study’s data when setting the 2016 regulation to limit methane emissions from the oil and natural gas

Anomaly Detection Technique in Sound to Detect Faulty Equipment

Anomaly Detection Technique in Sound to Detect Faulty Equipment

Keeping the Voice Fit in the Group Fitness Industry: A Qualitative Study to Determine What Instructors Want in a Voice Education Program

This study aimed to provide a descriptive summary of (1) group fitness instructors' (GFIs') experiences of occupational voice use and education, and (2) the content and mode of delivery desired by GFIs in an education and training program. This is a qualitative inductive approach using a semi-structured interview. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight GFIs recruited via self-selection sampling. Participants were asked to comment on their experiences of voice use, voice education, and their preferences for future education and training. Participants reported experiencing occupational voice difficulties, and cited inadequate voice education, faulty equipment, and apathetic fitness industry attitudes as core barriers to vocal health. Content focusing on vocal hygiene, safe occupational voice use, use of amplification equipment, and addressing industry attitudes to voice was desired by participants. A combination of face-to-face, web-based, and app-based delivery options was suggested. The data from this study should be considered when designing a vocal education and training package tailored to the needs of GFIs and the fitness industry.

Method for partial discharge localisation in air‐insulated substations

Partial discharge (PD) localisation in air-insulated substations (AIS) can be used to assess insulation condition efficiently. The localisation results of previously published methods were in the form of coordinates or bearings, and showed large errors on coordinates. Further research is required if the fault is to be pinpointed. In this study, a novel localisation method based on directional antenna and multi-point measurement is proposed to improve the accuracy of localisation result and inform the possible error distribution, which reflect the fact that where the PD ultrahigh frequency signal radiates from is not a point but the non-metallic area of the source equipment. Through the single point measurement, the bearing of the PD source is obtained. With the multi-point measurement, an accurate result and its error distribution are made available. An onsite test in a 220 kV testing AIS was performed, and compared with an existing method. The results show that the proposed method is more accurate than the existing method, and it is efficient to locate the faulty equipment with additional information of the error distribution.

Domesticating Organ Transplant: Familial Sacrifice and National Aspiration in Mexico by Megan Crowley-Matoka

Reviewed by: Domesticating Organ Transplant: Familial Sacrifice and National Aspiration in Mexico by Megan Crowley-Matoka Cristina T. Bejarano Megan Crowley-Matoka, Domesticating Organ Transplant: Familial Sacrifice and National Aspiration in Mexico. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016. 336pp. In Domesticating Organ Transplant, Megan Crowley-Matoka presents the reader with a seemingly innocuous statistic: that over 80 percent of all kidney transplants in Mexico are performed using organs from living, related donors (33). Indeed, she demonstrates how it is oftentimes a source of national pride, given that organ donations from family members make transplantation possible in a place where the availability of cadaveric organs, for complex reasons, is limited. Yet, what this superbly researched and thorough ethnography effectively shows is that living, related donation problematically goes unquestioned and unexamined in Mexico, in large part, because it "meshes seamlessly with long-standing cultural logics, social hierarchies, and modes of everyday survival" (60). She highlights, for instance, that women are far more likely to donate a kidney than receive one, which is a fact that can render structural disparities invisible in a society where women are often assumed to be self-sacrificing. The discursive feminization and familialization of transplantation in Mexico not only enables transplantation by making it culturally legible and ethically permissible, it can also enable a "medicalized violence of stratified survival" (55). This is an important and timely book particularly given that living donation is increasingly being promoted and practiced worldwide, and it teaches us that the kinds of bodies that are rendered appropriate and available for transplantation in each context should not be taken for granted. The book is comprised of an introduction and six chapters, which are divided evenly into three parts, followed by a short conclusion. It is based [End Page 525] on ethnographic research conducted at two public hospitals in the city of Guadalajara over a 12-year period from 1998 to 2010. Chapter 1 demonstrates how idealized notions of the "strong" Mexican family as well as the feminized iconic donor render transplantation familiar and culturally commonsensical in ways that problematically situate the practice of living, related donation outside the realm of ethical concerns. Through careful examination of transplant records, Crowley-Matoka underscores how these idealized notions of the "strong" Mexican family and feminized iconic donor among transplant professionals, patients, and family members do not adequately account for the complex and uneven ways organs move from one family member to another. By meticulously teasing out the data on hundreds of donors and recipients in the transplant programs, she uncovers the unsettling role that structural disparities, economic dependence, familial expectations, and "the everyday, brutal calculus of trying to minimize risk for the family as a whole" (51) play in who gets an organ and who does not. The myriad reasons for the conspicuously low rates of cadaveric organ transplantation in Mexico are addressed in Chapter 2. Based on keen observations of dozens of potential cadaveric organ donation cases, Crowley-Matoka eschews commonplace explanations for the lack of brain-dead donors, such as family refusals. Instead, she explains how putting the brain death concept into actual practice is difficult because it is dependent on "the precise orchestration of human, technical, informational, and political resources" (82), which must come together within a very limited time frame in order for it to be successful. In overburdened, state-run Mexican hospitals, any number of things can derail the cadaveric organ transplantation process—such as faulty equipment, a lack of cooperation from medical staff and/or government officials, a lack of trust between transplant professionals and donor families, and a lack of appropriate legal documentation—long before families are faced with the decision to donate. There is no cure for kidney disease and only three treatment options exist (peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and transplantation). In Mexico, these treatments are not widely available. When they are available, they tend to be very expensive and time-consuming, and demand adherence to a strict diet, require a strong support system, and produce other kinds of health problems like depression and fatigue. In light of all this, Chapter 3 describes how patients with kidney disease in Mexico face a bleak prognosis even when the disease is diagnosed in...

Supervisory Control for Resilient Chiller Plants Under Condenser Fouling

This paper presents a supervisory control strategy for resilient chiller plants in the presence of condenser fouling. Fouling results in off-nominal performance of chiller parameters, such as increased refrigerant mass flow rate, compressor motor speed, discharge pressure, and discharge temperature. These effects further lead to faster deterioration of condenser pipes and tubes, and increase the risk of early motor failures. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to provide resilience, i.e., to bring the system parameters back to normalcy, and thereby protect the system from the adverse effects of fouling and improve its life expectancy while ensuring energy efficiency and meeting the desired cooling load. The supervisory control strategy presented here incorporates fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) and resilient control for mitigating the effects of condenser fouling. A computationally efficient and robust FDD scheme enables the estimation of the condenser fouling level using optimal sensor selection and statistical classifiers, thus facilitating condition-based maintenance. On the other hand, the resilient control scheme enables redistribution of load between chillers in order to reduce the load on faulty equipment in an energy-efficient manner, while still providing the required overall cooling load. The performance of this method is tested and validated using a high-fidelity chiller plant model and the proposed strategy is shown to diagnose condenser fouling with a high accuracy and effectively mitigate the effects of fouling at low computational cost. It is shown that the supervisory controller is able to meet the desired building load requirements at lower energy consumption, as compared with no supervisory control.

Design and Development of Power Management System of Unmanned Underwater Platform for Defence Application

<p style="margin-bottom: 0.14in; line-height: 115%; page-break-before: always;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Development of underwater weapon systems for defence application are carried out on unmanned underwater platform. Extensive testing and measurement of physical parameters are carried out during development phase trials. After several trials, system is qualified and installed on the actual platform. Mostly battery bank is used to power the unmanned platform. Design and development of power management system is an important issue of underwater platform to increase the underwater time of the platform. During development trials some additional equipments are also included for which power requirement was not considered during design of battery bank. This also becomes an issue to manage the power requirement of additional equipment beyond the design capability of the battery bank. Unmanned submersible platforms at a depth of 50 m to 70 m are used during development of underwater missile. Platform houses the missile to be tested, equipment required for missile launch and control of the platform. A power management system (PMS) with redundancy and fault tolerant features achieving reliability figure of 99 per cent has been designed, developed and tested successfully for underwater phase of missile launch. The system allows remote operation of individual or group of equipment, current monitoring, and isolation of faulty equipment. Power requirement for additional equipment on platform is also included in PMS without affecting the reliability of the system. Power control of equipment on requirement basis to save battery power, to increase underwater time of platform and to manage additional power requirement beyond the designed capacity of the battery bank is described in detail.</span></span></p>