Faulty Communications Research Articles

Decentralized-distributed robust electric power scheduling for multi-microgrid systems

This paper proposes a novel decentralized-distributed (DD) adaptive robust optimization (ARO) method to address the efficient distributed scheduling of multi-microgrid systems involving various entities, uncertainties and accidental communication failures. To avoid an unavailable coordination center of the whole network, a DD-ARO model is firstly proposed based on the parallelizing-distributed (PD) framework, which allocates the task of tie-line power coordination in the virtual center to the neighboring stakeholders. According to the properties of nonlinear ARO, a modified analytical target cascading method is further developed to formulate the consistency constraints on shared tie-lines, thus guaranteeing the optimality and enhancing the solution quality of the DD-ARO model. Finally, an iterative solution algorithm is proposed to efficiently solve the resulting multi-level non-convex DD-ARO model. Case studies and computational results illustrate the effectiveness of the DD-ARO approach for an AC/DC hybrid multi-microgrid system under normal and faulty communications.

ENGLISH

In this paper an efficient algorithm has proposed for high-density salt and pepper noise removal from images. In the transmission of images over channels, due to faulty communications images are corrupted by salt and pepper noise. We will deal with the images corrupted by salt-and-pepper noise in which the noisy pixels can take only the maximum or minimum values. Several nonlinear filters have been proposed for restoration of images contaminated by salt and pepper noise. Among this proposed algorithm Median Filter is reliable method to remove the salt and pepper noise without damaging the edge details.

Errors in completion of referrals among older urban adults in ambulatory care

Clinical care often requires referrals, but many referrals never result in completed evaluations. We determined the extent to which referral-based consultations were completed in a US medical institution. Factors associated with completion were identified. In a cross-sectional analysis, we analysed billing records and electronic and paper-based medical records for patients aged 65 years or older receiving health care between July 2000 and June 2002 in an integrated, urban, tax-supported medical institution on an academic campus. All referrals in ambulatory care, scheduling of consultation within 180 days, and completion were assessed. We conducted a multivariate survival analysis to identify factors associated with completion. We identified 6785 patients with encounters. Mean age was 72 years, and, of the participants, 66% were women, 55% were African-American and 32% were Medicaid eligible. Of the 81% with at least one primary-care visit in ambulatory care, 63% had at least one referral. About 8% of referrals required multiple orders before an appointment was scheduled. Among 7819 orders for specialty consultation in ambulatory care, 71% led to appointments, and 70% of appointments were kept (completed = 0.71*0.70 or 50%). Scheduling of consultations varied (12% to 90%) by specialty. Medicare, singular orders, location of referral and lack of hospitalization were independently significantly associated with scheduling of appointments. Among older adults studied, half of medical specialty referrals were not completed. Multiple process errors, including missing information, misguided referrals and faulty communications, likely contribute to these results. Information systems offer important opportunities to improve the referrals process.

An Architect's Response

I began reading Mahbub Rashid's paper with great anticipation. After all, title promised something important: a model linking face-to-face interaction among clinicians to hospital design.As a practicing healthcare architect who strives to enhance this interaction, I am all too familiar with statistics, cited by Rashid, that make faulty communications a primary culprit in numerous medical errors and patient deaths. So his promise of a new face-to-face interaction model immediately piqued my interest. Whether Rashid delivered on this promise, I'll turn to later.His paper includes some solid content. For example, by highlighting relationships among face-to-face interaction, interdisciplinary collaboration, and patient outcomes, Rashid reminds designers and architects never to lose sight of these key relationships. He also reminds us that, although some spaces (such as a staff lounge) should be designed to promote informal, serendipitous interaction, others (such as a medication space) should be designed to promote focused effort and activities.Something else in paper that caught my attention is an acknowledgment that a growing body of literature supports proposition that the physical design of an environment affects individual and organizational performance and outcomes, including communication interaction, or collaboration. Healthcare architects are happy for confirmation of a phenomenon they have long observed in practice.At one point, Rashid notes that literature on strategies for improving communication in hospitals rarely mentions hospital design. Healthcare architects know, however, that design significantly affects communication. Yes, successful cultures can thrive in poor buildings-think of miracles in MASH tents. But creating and growing a successful culture is far more likely in well-designed buildings that promote and reinforce that culture.For me, and I suspect for many other practicing healthcare architects, Rashid's most intriguing idea is combining of two factors-patient acuity and medical complexity-to characterize hospitalized patients and determine their communication and interaction needs. These needs vary, depending on a patient's condition and complexity of care required. And these variances, Rashid correctly notes, create a dilemma for healthcare architects: how to design spaces (commonly known as medical planning) that fully accommodate interface between changing patient conditions and changing makeup of caregivers.Rashid's paper contains a detailed discussion of two key hospital communities: communities of practice and communities of care. Architects recognize their importance to patient care. In fact, when doing medical planning for hospitals, architects typically spend a great deal of time interviewing critical care group, one type of community of interest mentioned by Rashid.From another researcher, Rashid borrows concepts of and building programs. A strong program-Rashid's example is a courthouse-creates spaces where necessary interfaces among different types of users must happen in same way; in contrast, a weak program- Rashid's example is a newspaper's editorial office-permits unpredictable interfaces. …

New Requirements for Authors: Signed Statements of Authorship Responsibility and Financial Disclosure

Editors of peer-reviewed journals have relationships based on trust with authors, readers, owners, editorial board members, reviewers, funding agencies, institutions, students, advertisers, the media, and the public at large. These trust relationships frequently come into conflict, the product of obvious differences in goals, values, and priorities. Other differences arise from faulty communications. Still others arise from ignorance of editorial and authorial ethics and publication laws, sloppiness of work, and sometimes deliberate attempts to deceive. To educate authors and help them avoid the pitfalls of ignorance and to discourage a few from believing that the ethics and laws do not apply to them, peer-reviewed journals codify their policies and procedures in Instructions for Authors. 1 Many journals specify similar instructions such as the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals produced and updated periodically by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (the Vancouver Group). 2 In 1985, the Vancouver

New requirements for authors: signed statements of authorship responsibility and financial disclosure

Editors of peer-reviewed journals have relationships based on trust with authors, readers, owners, editorial board members, reviewers, funding agencies, institutions, students, advertisers, the media, and the public at large. These trust relationships frequently come into conflict, the product of obvious differences in goals, values, and priorities. Other differences arise from faulty communications. Still others arise from ignorance of editorial and authorial ethics and publication laws, sloppiness of work, and sometimes deliberate attempts to deceive. To educate authors and help them avoid the pitfalls of ignorance and to discourage a few from believing that the ethics and laws do not apply to them, peer-reviewed journals codify their policies and procedures in Instructions for Authors.¹Many journals specify similar instructions such as the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" produced and updated periodically by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (the Vancouver Group).²In 1985, the Vancouver

Faulty communications

Faulty communications

Faulty Communications

Faulty Communications

Faulty staff communications in a residential treatment center.

Faulty staff communications within a residential treatment center tend to duplicate pathological features in the backgrounds of the children it serves. The paper explores common communicational dislocations occurring between child-care workers, their supervisors and clinicians.

Communications in the Sixties

INEFFECTIVE communication is one of industry's top problems today. Faulty communications between employer and employee; between manufacturer and selling channels; between producer and customerall create economic inefficiencies and wastes. Two vital segments of the communications industry-the business publication and the advertising agency-must join the industrial concern in sharpening and refining the tools of advertising, publicity, sales promotion, and personal selling. The publics of this group are wide and diverse. Most companies, especially the manufacturers and advertisers, must communicate their stories not only to customers and prospects, but also to the financial community, shareholders, employees, and suppliers. These are the targets of a total communications program. How can we orient this program to these targets? How can we insure effective advertising, sales promotion, publicity, and selling efforts? The answer lies partially in a recognition that the greatest impact on communications comes from two economic factors which have nothing directly to do with communications.