Fault Definition Research Articles

A comprehensive review of BMS fault analysis in pure electric vehicles

Pure electric vehicle technology faces numerous technical challenges during the process of independent research and development, with the safety and endurance of power batteries being particularly critical. The Battery Management System (BMS) is a core factor affecting the performance and safety of electric vehicles. The normal operation of the BMS is essential for ensuring the reliability of electric vehicles. However, in practical applications, the BMS may encounter faults that can lead to a decline in battery performance, a reduction in lifespan, and even trigger safety incidents. Therefore, the development of an efficient and accurate fault analysis and diagnostic system is particularly important. This paper systematically explores the fault issues of electric vehicle BMS, including the composition, working principles, and main functions of the BMS, as well as the classification, level definition, case analysis, and resolution measures of faults. The article also provides a detailed introduction to fault analysis methods, including qualitative and quantitative analyses. Finally, based on recent hot topics and the latest research progress, it is concluded that model-based fault diagnosis will become increasingly important. This paper aims to provide a reference for the development of the field of electric vehicle battery management fault diagnosis technology.

Subsumption, correctness and relative correctness: Implications for software testing

Context. Several Research areas emerged and have been proceeding independently when in fact they have much in common. These include: mutant subsumption and mutant set minimization; relative correctness and the semantic definition of faults; differentiator sets and their application to test diversity; generate-and–validate methods of program repair; test suite coverage metrics.Objective. Highlight their analogies, commonalities and overlaps; explore their potential for synergy and shared research goals; unify several disparate concepts around a minimal set of artifacts.Method. Introduce and analyze a minimal set of concepts that enable us to model these disparate research efforts, and explore how these models may enable us to share insights between different research directions, and advance their respective goals.Results. Capturing absolute (total and partial) correctness and relative (total and partial) correctness with a single concept: detector sets. Using the same concept to quantify the effectiveness of test suites, and prove that the proposed measure satisfies appealing monotonicity properties. Using the measure of test suite effectiveness to model mutant set minimization as an optimization problem, characterized by an objective function and a constraint.Generalizing the concept of mutant subsumption using the concept of differentiator sets. Identifying analogies between detector sets and differentiator sets, and inferring relationships between subsumption and relative correctness.Conclusion. This paper does not aim to answer any pressing research question as much as it aims to raise research questions that use the insights gained from one research venue to gain a fresh perspective on a related research issue.

Definitions, Classification Schemes for Active Faults, and Their Application

Active faults are generally defined as faults that have moved in the past and will continue to be active in the future. They are expected to cause deformation and potential disasters if they are localized close to human activities. The definition and classification of active faults are important bases for evaluating the risk. This paper summarizes and compares the history, status, and progress of their definition and classification schemes used in representative countries and regions, as well as in some relevant standards, in active fault mapping, in the construction of spatial databases, and in some other aspects. It is concluded that the current geodynamic setting, existing technical means, geological operability, application purpose, and social acceptability of active faulting hazard in a specific area comprehensively determine the selection of the definition and classification. The key parameter in defining active faults is the time limit. It usually involves four time scales, i.e., Neotectonic (post-Neogene), Quaternary, Late Quaternary, and Holocene. The definition using a short time scale, such as Late Quaternary and Holocene, is usually suitable for the plate boundary zone, which has a high strain rate, but active faults in the intraplate deformation region and stable continental region should be defined with a long time scale, such as the Quaternary and Neotectonics. In addition, the magnitude standard can determine the activity intensity of active faults, which most generally includes three classes, namely, M ≥ 5.0 damaging earthquakes, M ≥ 6.0 strong earthquakes, and M ≥ 6.5 earthquakes that may produce surface displacement or deformation. The M ≥ 5.0 earthquake is generally applicable to regional earthquake prevention and risk mitigation in many countries or regions, but the M ≥ 6.5 earthquake magnitude benchmark is generally used as the standard in rules or regulations regarding active fault avoidance. The most common classification schemes in many countries or regions are based on fault activity, which is reflected mainly by the fault slip rate and fault recurrence interval (FRI), as well as by the last activation time. However, when determining the specific quantitative parameters of the different activity levels of faults, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the differences in activity and ages of the faults in the study region, as well as the amount and validity of existing data for the purpose of classifying different active levels of faults effectively.

Seismic Reprocessing Overcomes Uncertainty in Offshore Egyptian Field

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 214066, “Seismic Reprocessing Leads to New Breakthroughs—A Successful Case in the ASH Field, AG Basin in Egypt,” by Mohamed Elokr and Ahmed Lotfy, Kuwait Energy Egypt, and Wei Xing, United Energy Group, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ The ASH oil field is in the eastern portion of the AG Basin in Egypt. The Lower Cretaceous Alam El Bueib is the main oil-producing formation. Because of the high heterogeneity of the Abu Roash succession, in addition to the influence of thick limestone of the Upper Cretaceous and the influence of multiple complex faults, the quality of seismic data is very poor, requiring seismic reprocessing. Two key techniques were used to achieve the goal: New vertical seismic profile (VSP) well data were acquired to adjust the velocity model, and common reflection angle migration (CRAM) prestack depth migration (PSDM) was used for reprocessing. Introduction The ASH field produces oil from the Aptian Lower Cretaceous reservoir. The ASH structure is interpreted as an elongated east-northeast/west-southwest anticline with intensive breaching on the downthrown side of northwest/southeast to west-northwest/east-southeast-oriented normal faults with obvious signature of synsedimentary activities. The entire area was subject to a series of tectonic events affecting the Western Desert, which led to a complex fault regime clearly recognized in the ASH structure by a series of horizontal displacement across the northwest/southeast faults. Strike/slip to oblique-slip faults also are observed from thicknesses of the cretaceous formations, creating significant difficulty in fault definition. The 3D seismic data acquired in 2007 suffered from losing amplitude of the Lower Cretaceous and deep Jurassic reflectors because of the complex structure. The strong carbonate markers disappear north of the field, where high, dense fault intersection is present closing from the main bounding fault. Loss of seismic amplitude could have severe effects on of the future economics of the field. The seismic survey was reprocessed two times without significant enhancement of the fault imaging. PSDM was run without velocity control, resulting in an uncertain velocity model with inaccurate fault imaging and a mismatching between actual and prognosed depths of the drilled wells of greater than 50 m. This contradiction in reservoir mapping meant that the northern portion of the field remained unexplored. Acquiring VSP in the recently drilled well encouraged reprocessing of the 3D seismic survey using well velocity as a control point in adjusting the seismic velocity model, and application of CRAM technology to improve fault imaging and appraise the uncertain area of the ASH field. CRAM Methodology CRAM was developed as a type of beam migration. Asymptotic ray tracing is performed, assuming that one-way diffraction rays from the subsurface image point to the surface sources and receivers. The takeoff angles from the image point are measured around a given local normal to a background reflection surface for each source ray and receiver ray. A system of source and receiver ray pairs is formed, and the recorded seismic data can be mapped into a local angle domain based on the reflection angles at the subsurface image points.​​​​

Semantic Similarity Comparison Between Production Line Failures for Predictive Maintenance

With the introduction of Industry 4.0 into our lives and the creation of smart factories, predictive maintenance has become even more important. Predictive maintenance systems are often used in the manufacturing industry. On the other hand, text analysis and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are gaining a lot of attention by both research and industry due to their ability to combine natural languages and industrial solutions. There is a great increase in the number of studies on NLP in the literature. Even though there are studies in the field of NLP in predictive maintenance systems, no studies were found on Turkish NLP for predictive maintenance. This study focuses on the similarity analysis of failure texts that can be used in the predictive maintenance system we developed for VESTEL, one of the leading consumer electronics manufacturers in Turkey. In the manufacturing industry, operators record descriptions of failure that occur on production lines as short texts. However, these descriptions are not often used in predictive maintenance work. In this study, semantic text similarities between fault definitions in the production line were compared using traditional word representations, modern word representations and Transformer models. Levenshtein, Jaccard, Pearson, and Cosine scales were used as similarity measures and the effectiveness of these measures were compared. Experimental data including failure texts were obtained from a consumer electronics manufacturer in Turkey. When the experimental results are examined, it is seen that the Jaccard similarity metric is not successful in grouping semantic similarities according to the other three similarity measures. In addition, Multilingual Universal Sentence Encoder (MUSE), Language-agnostic BERT Sentence Embedding (LAbSE), Bag of Words (BoW) and Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) outperform FastText and Language-Agnostic Sentence Representations (LASER) models in semantic discovery of error identification in embedding methods. Briefly to conclude, Pearson and Cosine are more effective at finding similar failure texts; MUSE, LAbSE, BoW and TF-IDF methods are more successful at representing the failure text.

Definition of Faults and Efficiency in Power Transformers Using the Algorithm and Computer Program Created by the Heuristic Optimization Methods Developed

The real-life optimization problems are too complex to be solved by developing a mathematical formula. Heuristic methods are the methods defined to decide the best of a variety of solution actions to solve a problem. Furthermore, it is preferred that heuristic methods are short in solution time and can be applied to different problems. Heuristic methods were developed while trying to find the best solution. The created algorithm, which was based on herd intelligence, was used to solve optimization problems based on the behaviors of bees moving in nature in the process of finding nutrients. By the studies, transformer failures allow us to know without any measurements and tests. The software was developed in C++ programming language by using the created artificial algorithms. The transformer analyses programs have been created by using Microsoft SQL Server 2017 database.

Real-Time Human Fault Detection in Assembly Tasks, Based on Human Action Prediction Using a Spatio-Temporal Learning Model

Human fault detection plays an important role in the industrial assembly process. In the current unstructured industrial workspace, the definition of human faults may vary over a long sequence, and this vagueness introduces multiple issues when using traditional detection methods. A method which could learn the correct action sequence from humans, as well as detect the fault actions based on prior knowledge, would be more appropriate and effective. To this end, we propose an end-to-end learning model to predict future human actions and extend it to detect human faults. We combined the auto-encoder framework and recurrent neural network (RNN) method to predict and generate intuitive future human motions. The convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) layer was applied to extract spatio-temporal features from video sequences. A score function was implemented to indicate the difference between the correct human action sequence and the fault actions. The proposed model was evaluated on a model vehicle seat assembly task. The experimental results showed that the model could effectively capture the necessary historical details to predict future human actions. The results of several fault scenarios demonstrated that the model could detect the faults in human actions based on corresponding future behaviors through prediction features.

Multispectral Dip for Improved Geometric Attribute Computations

Accurate estimates of volumetric dip serve as input for curvature, aberrancy, reflector convergence attributes, guide the application of structure-oriented filters and the computation of coherence, amplitude gradient, as well as GLCM texture attributes. Different frequency components can exhibit slightly different dips, due to the differences in their resolution and sensitivity to noise. Research during the last few years has shown that multispectral coherence computed by summing the covariance matrices of individual spectral voice components can provide significant improvement over coherence computed from the covariance matrix computed from the original broadband data. A similar workflow can be constructed by computing multispectral dip by summing the gradient structure tensors computed from the individual spectral voice components. We apply this workflow to two different seismic datasets from the Taranaki and Canterbury Basins of New Zealand and find that the resulting multispectral dip estimates exhibit sharper images than those computed from the original broadband data. Images from the Taranaki dataset show improvements on the definition of a fault system, whereas those from the Canterbury dataset exhibit enhanced definition of faults and associated fractures as seen on the dip estimates, as well as both structural and amplitude curvature displays

Соотношение вины и противоправности в деликтах публично-правовых образований

Author made a research on domestic and foreign approaches to the definition of fault and unlawfulness in torts committed by public bodies and civil servants. Such legal systems as continental legal system and the system of common law tend to intertwining of guilt and unlawfulness and to supplantion of fault by unlawfulness. This trend is intended to provide plaintiffs in public tort claims with the complete and achievable recovery of violated rights. This work will help to find a scientific rationale when bringing public authorities and officials to tort liability.

Qualifications of Instruction Sequence Failures, Faults and Defects: Dormant, Effective, Detected, Temporary, and Permanent

Starting out from the survey of instruction sequence faults from [6] program faults are classified according to the conventional criteria of being dormant, effective, detected, temporary, and permanent. Being retrospectively approved is introduced as an additional qualification. For this theoretical investigation the context is simplified by contemplating instruction sequences as a theoretical model for programs, and by assuming that instruction sequences are supposed to compute total transformations on finite bit sequences of a fixed length only. The main conclusion which can be drawn from this work concerns the notion of dormancy. First of all it is noticed that the unconventional notion of a dormant failure is both plausible and amenable to a straightforward and convincing definition. The conventional notion of a dormant fault, however, is much harder to grasp and the definition of a dormant fault which is provided in the paper may be disputed. The notion of a dormant fault seems to admit no convincing intuition. All faults are defects but not the other way around. The idea of a fault exclusively depends on an instruction sequence and a specification of which it is considered to be a candidate implementation. In the presence of a design, however, in addition to faults, the notion of a deviation from design (DFD) defect arises, which constitutes a class of defects many of which are not faults. For DFD defects the notion of dormancy admits a straightforward and convincing definition.

Formalized control logic fault definition with ontological reasoning for air handling units

Control logic programs determine the behavior of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems under different operating conditions. Faults in control logic account for more than 15% of all HVAC system problems, causing energy waste and occupancy discomfort. The first step towards systematically detecting and diagnosing control logic faults is to have an unambiguous control logic fault definition so that the existence of control logic faults in an HVAC system can be discovered from its operational data. In order to have high level of fault detection accuracy, the control logic fault definition needs to be customized for different HVAC systems as they have different components and control sequences. In this paper, we propose an object-oriented classification approach to systematically define customized control logic faults in terms of control logic input/output variable expressions. Focusing on air handling unit (AHU) systems, and their general operation objectives of energy efficiency and occupancy comfort, we elaborated four control goals and developed corresponding reasoning mechanisms to derive fault definitions. We also developed an HVAC component and control information ontology to be used in these reasoning mechanisms by extending existing HVAC information models. The prototype of the developed approach was tested with 27 common AHUs specified by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), and the results show that using the developed approach, it is possible to define a customized set of control logic faults applicable to each specific AHU with an overall precision of 94.2% and recall of 83.0%. This demonstrates the generality of our proposed approach in providing customized control logic fault definitions for different types of AHUs.

Database of Active Faults in Slovenia: Compiling a New Active Fault Database at the Junction Between the Alps, the Dinarides and the Pannonian Basin Tectonic Domains

We present the compilation of a new database of active faults in Slovenia, aiming at introducing geological data for the first time as input for a new national seismic hazard model. The area at the junction of the Alps, the Dinarides, and the Pannonian Basin is moderately seismically active. About a dozen Mw > 5.5 earthquakes have occurred across the national territory in the last millennium, four of which in the instrumental era. The relative paucity of major earthquakes and low to moderate fault slip rates necessitate the use of geologic input for a more representative assessment of seismic hazard. Active fault identification is complicated by complex regional structural setting due to overprinting of different tectonic phases. Additionally, overall high rates of erosion, denudation and slope mass movement processes with rates up to several orders of magnitude larger than fault slip rates obscure the surface definition of faults and traces of activity, making fault parametrization difficult. The presented database includes active, probably active and potentially active faults with trace lengths >5 km, systematically compiled and cataloged from a vast and highly heterogeneous dataset. Input data was mined from published papers, reports, studies, maps, unpublished reports and data from the Geological Survey of Slovenia archives and dedicated studies. All faults in the database are fully parametrized with spatial, geometric, kinematic and activity data with parameter descriptors including data origin and data quality for full traceability of input data. The input dataset was compiled through an extended questionnaire and a set of criteria into a homogenous database. The final database includes 96 faults with 240 segments and is optimized for maximum compatibility with other current maps of active faults at national and EU levels. It is by far the most detailed and advanced map of active faults in Slovenia.

Which Fault Threatens Me Most? Bridging the Gap Between Geologic Data-Providers and Seismic Risk Practitioners

The aim of the Fault2SHA European Seismological Commission Working Group Central Apennines laboratory is to enhance the use of geological data in fault-based seismic hazard and risk assessment and to promote synergies between data providers (earthquake geologists), end-users and decision-makers. Here we use the Fault2SHA Central Apennines Database where geologic data are provided in the form of characterized fault traces, grouped into faults and main faults, with individual slip rate estimates. The proposed methodology first derives slip rate profiles for each main fault. Main faults are then divided into distinct sections of length comparable to the seismogenic depth to allow consideration of variable slip rates and the exploration of multi-fault ruptures in the computations. The methodology further allows exploration of epistemic uncertainties documented in the database (e.g., main fault definition, slip rates) as well as additional parameters required to characterize the seismogenic potential of fault sources (e.g., 3D fault geometries). To illustrate the power of the methodology, in this paper we consider only one branch of the uncertainties affecting each step of the computation procedure. The resulting hazard and typological risk maps allow both data providers and end-users 1) to visualize the faults that threaten specific localities the most, 2) to appreciate the density of observations used for the computation of slip rate profiles, and 3) interrogate the degree of confidence on the fault parameters documented in the database (activity and location certainty). Finally, closing the loop, the methodology highlights priorities for future geological investigations in terms of where improvements in the density of data within the database would lead to the greatest decreases in epistemic uncertainties in the hazard and risk calculations. Key to this new generation of fault-based seismic hazard and risk methodology are the user-friendly open source codes provided with this publication, documenting, step-by-step, the link between the geological database and the relative contribution of each section to seismic hazard and risk at specific localities.

CONTEXT: An Industry 4.0 Dataset of Contextual Faults in a Smart Factory

Abstract Cyber-physical systems in smart factories get more and more integrated and interconnected. Industry 4.0 accelerates this trend even further. Through the broad interconnectivity a new class of faults arise, the contextual faults, where contextual knowledge is needed to find the underlying reason. Fully-automated systems and the production line in a smart factory form a complex environment making the fault diagnosis non-trivial. Along with a dataset, we give a first definition of contextual faults in the smart factory and name initial use cases. Additionally, the dataset encompasses all the data recorded in a current state-of-the-art smart factory. We also add additional information measured by our developed sensing units to enrich the smart factory data even further. In the end, we show a first approach to detect the contextual faults in a manual preliminary analysis of the recorded log data.

Mitigating Safety Concerns and Profit/Production Losses for Chemical Process Control Systems under Cyberattacks via Design/Control Methods

One of the challenges for chemical processes today, from a safety and profit standpoint, is the potential that cyberattacks could be performed on components of process control systems. Safety issues could be catastrophic; however, because the nonlinear systems definition of a cyberattack has similarities to a nonlinear systems definition of faults, many processes have already been instrumented to handle various problematic input conditions. Also challenging is the question of how to design a system that is resilient to attacks attempting to impact the production volumes or profits of a company. In this work, we explore a process/equipment design framework for handling safety issues in the presence of cyberattacks (in the spirit of traditional HAZOP thinking), and present a method for bounding the profit/production loss which might be experienced by a plant under a cyberattack through the use of a sufficiently conservative operating strategy combined with the assumption that an attack detection method with characterizable time to detection is available.

Dynamic air gap asymmetry fault detection in single‐sided linear induction motors

Single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) are used in maglev levitation systems for propelling purpose. The reasons for such usages are their capability in direct drive applications with very good dynamic performance, high reliability and high flexibility in trajectory generation. High-performance requirements of the machine demand a high saliency ratio resulting in small air gap length along the direct axis. Therefore, the air gap symmetry in the primary side and consequently the air gap asymmetry fault diagnosis is essential for the system maintenance. In this study, the air gap asymmetry fault in a SLIM is diagnosed. Since the precise definition of the air gap asymmetry fault and fault severity has not been so far introduced in the relevant literature, they are given here. The proposed fault index is the amplitude of the sideband components of the current with a particular frequency pattern. First, mathematical analysis of magnetic field is proposed, then, fast Fourier transform is applied to the current waveform in the SLIM. The spectrum of the SLIM current in the healthy and faulty cases under different loads is obtained. Time-stepping finite element method is applied to simulate the healthy and faulty motor. Experimental results are verified by the introduced theoretical index.

The Concept of Method of Detecting and Analyzing Construction Defects in Residential Buildings

AbstractThe authors developed the definition of construction defect and fault and construction defect management based on Polish and foreign publications. In order to assist identification of faults and their analysis in the process of home collection, the authors applied the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) method. In the paper, the authors used Case Based Reasoning (CBR) to support acceptance of apartments. The CBR method allows to determine the magnitude of global similarity for the problem under consideration between the new and old case from the Case Base, using weighted sums of local similarities using criteria weights as coefficients. As a result of CBR-based solutions, an Employer’s representative receives information about the type of construction defects that can be expected, their location and significance, occurrence frequency, and estimated repair cost.

Crisis of the nomological model, expectation of diligence and criminally relevant conduct. Comparative aspects on the definition of punishable fault

Under what conditions or based on which evaluation criteria a conduct that offends or does not prevent the injury of fundamental legal assets such as life and physical integrity of the person can be said not only harmful but also negligent for the criminal law? The present survey starts from a question of enormous importance that seeks the characters of conceptual categories related to the objective element of the culpable offense (the relative typical fact), on the method of concretizing the duty of diligence (which constitutes the normative heart of this element) and the criteria of judgment on the basis of which it can be considered unnoticed. The study is based on the experience gained in both countries in the areas of medical responsibility and prevention of occupational risks (health and safety in the workplace), contexts in which the current crisis of criminal code is particularly evident.Nomological model, i.e. the causal explanation method of neo-positivist imprint and the reconstructive criterion of the precautionary norms based on scientific laws. In both dimensions of the judgment on the typicality of the fact, the obfuscation of the image of science on which the theory of culpable offense was built during the twentieth century has already led contemporary criminal law to reevaluate its peculiar argumentative and evaluative approach, abandoning the inferential-nomological-deductive demonstrative scheme and questioning the method by which to define the concrete margins of the allowed risk.

Evaluating Quaternary activity versus inactivity on faults and folds using geomorphological mapping and trenching: Seismic hazard implications

The incorporation of active faults in seismic hazard analyses may have a significant impact on the feasibility, design and cost of major engineering projects (e.g., nuclear facilities, dams), especially when located in the site vicinity. The regulatory definition of active versus inactive fault is generally based on whether the fault has ruptured or not after a specific chronological bound (i.e. fault recency). This work presents a methodology, mainly based on geomorphological mapping and trenching, for determining whether specific faults can be considered as active or inactive. The approach is illustrated through the analysis of several faults located in the Spanish Pyrenees (Loiti, Leyre, La Trinidad, Ruesta faults). The 29 km long Loiti Thrust was included in the Neotectonic Map of Spain as a probable neotectonic structure. Previous works, based on geomorphological investigations, incorporated the 28 km long Leyre Thrust as a significant seismic source in a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, which challenged the seismic design of nearby large dams. The production of detailed geomorphological strip maps along the faults allowed the recognition of specific sites where the faults are covered by Quaternary deposits. The establishment of chronosequences (pediments-terrace sequences) and the available geochronological data helped identifying the most adequate morpho-stratigraphic units for satisfactorily evaluating fault activity vs. inactivity. The excavation of trenches at the selected sites provided unambiguous information on the presence or lack of deformation in the Quaternary cover overlying the fault, and the origin of scarps (tectonic versus erosional). Trenches were also useful for collecting samples and reliably measuring the relative height of terraces overlain by thick colluvium. The evidence gathered by these methods were complemented with the numerical dating of non-deformed slope deposits covering a fault, the analysis of the longitudinal profiles of old pediment surfaces located in the proximity of a fault, the examination of a cave situated next to a fault searching for speleoseismological evidence, and regional geodetic and seismotectonic data (GPS measurements, earthquake focal mechanisms). The integration of all the data, and especially the trenches dug in non-deformed old terrace deposits (>100 ka) truncating the faults, indicates that the analysed faults can be considered inactive and that previous neotectonic postulations were based on non-valid geomorphological interpretations.

Understanding basement fracture architecture in Padra Field, South Cambay Basin, India, through full-azimuth imaging

Detection and characterization of fractures in reservoirs is of great importance for maximizing hydrocarbon productivity and recovery efficiency. Fractures play an important role in the producibility of unconventional reservoirs such as basement reservoirs. Basement reservoirs are typically found within metamorphic and igneous rock underlying a sedimentary basin, where faulting and tectonic uplift has led to creation of a fracture network. For fracture characterization, integration of information from seismic and nonseismic data such as cores and/or formation microimaging (FMI) logs is essential. Various seismic attributes such as coherency and curvature that are derived from reflection seismic data have been used for more than a decade to detect faults and fractures. In advanced seismic fracture detection technology, automatic fault extraction (AFE) from diffraction seismic data (discontinuity volume) more effectively detects finer scale features in seismic data. We demonstrate the utility of this methodology with an application to seismic data from the Padra Field, South Cambay Basin, India, where the basaltic Deccan Trap forms the basement, and hydrocarbons are produced from basement fractures. Diffraction imaging was applied during processing of the full-azimuth 3D-3C seismic data that cover this field. Using wavefield decomposition in the subsurface local angle domain, separate reflection (specular) and diffraction data volumes were produced. The high-resolution specular stack data imaged a prominent reflector well below the trap top, which is not visible in conventional seismic reflection data. Diffraction stack data also provided higher resolution fault definition and enhanced imaging of spatially consistent geological discontinuities. Subsequent application of the AFE technique to diffraction-imaged data yielded sharp and crisp definition of faults and fractures. We also performed velocity variation with azimuth analysis of 3D angle-azimuth reflection gathers to generate a fracture orientation map. Both sets of results were validated by fractures detected in FMI logs from wells in the field.