Total Lipid Fatty Acid Research Articles

Adaptation of dwarf shrubs to Arctic tundra conditions in West Svalbard

The stability of the biota in the Arctic regions under climate change and increasing anthropogenic burdens is influenced by the adaptive potential of its representatives. This study aimed to assess the adaptive potential of dwarf shrubs (Betula nana, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Salix polaris) in the flora of West Svalbard on the basis of their morphological and anatomical features and total leaf lipid fatty acid content. All species have similar leaf anatomy characteristics: small leaves, dorsoventral structure with clear differentiation into palisade and spongy mesophyll, which ensures their growth in the Arctic. However, S. polaris is characterized by high volumes of the stomatal apparatus, an amphistomatic type of leaf, a high palisade coefficient, a large volume of mechanical leaf tissue, and a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). These features provide high functional activity, passage through all stages of ontogenesis, and a wide distribution of the species in West Svalbard. In contrast to S. polaris, B. nana and V. uliginosum are characterized by a decrease in leaf area, a decrease in the palisade coefficient, and a hypostomatic leaf type, which, combined with an increase in the diversity of “secondary” UFA, as well as the lack of generative development, may indicate a higher level pressure of extreme conditions for the species. Thus, these features may explain their limited representation in the ecotopes of West Svalbard. In contrast to B. nana and V. uliginosum, the higher adaptive potential of S. polaris ensures its greater stability in conditions of changing habitat. All studied dwarf shrub species can be used as markers for monitoring the environment in the high Arctic.

Комплексный методический подход в определении липидов моллюсков

Marine bivalves are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cerastoderma glaucum is a potentially commercial sea cockle that inhabits the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. This bivalve mollusk contains omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids. However, its lipid composition remains understudied. When determining total lipids, their classes, and fatty acid composition, standard methods often have to be adapted to the object in hand and tools available. The research objective was to develop a complex lipid analysis method for aquatic organisms.
 The study featured total soft tissues of C. glaucum harvested from the pseudolittoral zone on the sand and silt soil of the Sevastopol coast of the Black Sea. The chromatographic methods made it possible to identify total lipids and classify them into phospholipids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, sterols, and triacylglycerols. The subsequent densimetric determination involved a flatbed scanner and the TLC Manager 4.0.2.3D software. The fatty acid composition for total lipids was studied using the chromatography-mass spectrometric method.
 The existing methods in lipidology were adapted for determining total lipids, their classes, and the fatty acid composition of total lipids in C. glaucum. The article introduces a detailed description of the method for determining total lipids, as well as of how to prepare equipment and reagents to classify common lipids using multidimensional thin layer chromatography. It also contains an authentic scheme of chromatographic baths for stepwise separation, densitometric measurements, and examples of fatty acid chromatograms and mass spectra. The new sample preparation method for determining fatty acids in total lipids by gas chromatography demonstrated a minimal loss in native structure and proved to be less aggressive than standard methods of sample derivatization.
 The new method for lipid analysis of clam tissues appeared to be economical, less time-consuming, and reagent-intensive. It can be recommended for small laboratories engaged in bioenergetics or comparative analyzes of aquatic organisms.

Unveiling Fatty Acid Profiles of the Parasitic Plants Orobanche foetida Poiret. and Orobanche crenata Forsk. and Modulation of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Fatty Acid Composition in Response to Orobanche Infestation.

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are root parasitic plants that threaten agricultural production in many parts of the world. In this study, the effect of two orobanche species, Orobanche crenata and O. foetida, on faba bean plants was studied in Tunisia. The two orobanche species inhibited both biomass production and pod formation, decreased the chlorophyll (Chl) content and total lipid (TL), and enhanced electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation. Concomitantly, orobanche parasitism induced a lower degree of fatty acid (FA) unsaturation due to a shift in the FA composition. On the other hand, with regard to orobanche seeds, oleic and linoleic acids were the predominant FA in the two orobanche species. After orobanche seed germination and penetration of host tissues, all the orobanche development stages showed a decrease in the TL content and changes in the FA composition in comparison to orobanche seeds. The level of TL was equal to or lower in all parasite development stages (except for S4) than that in the roots and leaves of healthy faba bean plants. These results suggest that the negative effect of orobanche infestation on faba bean development can be attributed to the reduced chlorophyll content and alteration in membrane stability attested by the reduced TL level and FA unsaturation.

119 Change in Serum Total Lipid Profiles in Dogs Supplemented with Camelina, Flaxseed, or Canola oil for 16 Weeks

Abstract There are few data describing the effects of different oils on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in dogs. Our objectives were to assess the effects of camelina (CAM), flaxseed (FLAX), and canola oil (OLA) on the serum total lipid FA profiles over a 16-week feeding study. Thirty healthy, adult dogs of various breeds [17 females, 13 males; 7.2±3.1 years and 27.4±14.0 kg (mean±SD)] underwent a 4-week dietary wash-in period on a commercial, low-fat kibble top dressed with 8.2g sunflower oil/100g food intake. Dogs were blocked by breed, age, and size, and assigned to receive CAM, FLAX, or OLA for 16-weeks at the same dose as wash-in. Serum total FA were measured using gas chromatography from dogs at baseline and week 16. Data were analyzed with ANOVA using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS. In all treatments, the final percent area of pooled and individual omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) FAs were inversely related, with n-3 being greater at week 16 and n-6 less at week 16 compared with baseline (p< 0.05). Conversely, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid showed accumulation at week 16 and docosahexaenoic acid was less at week 16 than baseline for all treatments (p< 0.05). Stearidonic acid was greater in FLAX than OLA but both were similar to CAM, and α-linolenic differed among all treatments (FLAX >CAM >OLA) (p< 0.05). Eicosadienoic acid was less in FLAX than CAM and OLA (p< 0.05). Omega-9 FA were greater at week 16 for all treatments and individual FAs (p< 0.05). Eicosaenoic and mead acid were greater in CAM than FLAX and OLA, and oleic acid was greater in FLAX than OLA, but similar to CAM (p< 0.05). Differences among dogs fed camelina, flax, and canola oils were due to the inherent FA concentrations of the oil and suggest all oils are suitable for increasing serum n-3 concentrations.

Growth Performance and Biochemical Composition of Tetradesmus obliquus in Media with Different Phosphorus Concentrations

In this study, the effects of phosphorus on culture growth and biochemical composition of Tetradesmus obliquus were investigated. T. obliquus was cultivated in medium with different P concentrations. Cell number, optical density and dry weight values were measured every other day and total protein and lipid content, amino acid and fatty acids profiles were detected. The highest cell number (2905x104), optical density (1.07) and dry weight (0.04 mgL-1) were observed in 75% P+ medium. 50% P- medium has the highest (47.7% of dry weight) protein amount and the maximum of total lipid content (17.08% of dry weight) was determined in 75% P- medium. 75% P+ medium has the highest total amino acid value (64.37 mgg-1 dry weight) and 75% P- medium has the lowest (55.22 mgg-1dry weight). The highest saturated fatty acids (23.57%) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (19.97%) were observed in 50% P- medium. The second highest percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids values were in the 75% P- medium (48.63 %). These results show that phosphorus limitation increases the total protein, lipid and fatty acid methyl esters amounts and restricts the cell division and anabolic reaction. An excess in phosphorus has an enhancing effect on amino acid synthesis.

Comparative Analysis of Lipids and Fatty Acids in Beaked Redfish Sebastes mentella Travin, 1951 Collected in Wild and in Commercial Products

The lipid and fatty acid profile of muscles in beaked redfish, caught and fixed in the wild versus specimens from food supermarkets (“commercial”), were evaluated, as well as the health implications of this popular food for its consumers based on the calculation of nutritional quality indexes. The contents of the total lipids (TLs), total phospholipids (PLs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol (Chol), Chol esters, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and wax esters were determined by HPTLC; the phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) were determined by HPLC; and fatty acids of total lipids were determined using GC. The TL content was higher in commercial products due to DA and NEFAs, among PL fractions the content of LysoPC was also higher. The results indicated multidirectional processes of slight degradation of lipids in commercial products in comparison to wild. The flesh lipid quality index was lower due to EPA and DHA in commercial specimens while the index of thrombogenicity was significantly higher. The differences in the quantities of lipid classes between muscle biopsy regions in fish apparently corroborate the morphology and physiology of deep-water fish.

Synergistic integration of wastewaters from second generation ethanol plant for algal biofuel production: an industrially relevant option.

The present study provides an integrated method for utilizing the wastewaters from second generation (2G) ethanol pretreatment plant for microalgal biomass and lipid production. The study was conducted using a mixture of wastewaters (referred as MW; pH 4.3) generated after washing of acidic and alkaline-soaked lignocellulosic biomass prior to pretreatment process. The growth studies indicated that the thermotolerant strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) M18 exhibited higher cell proliferation in wastewater as compared to freshwater. About 20-25% enhancement in biomass (509mg L-1 d-1 ± 3.09) and lipid productivity (146mg L-1 d-1 ± 1.34) was observed in MW. The total chlorophyll content and variable fluorescence by maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) ratio of strain cultivated in MW were 10.32µgmL-1 and 0.75, respectively. The use of MW also enhanced the content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in total lipid. The exhausted wastewater medium obtained after harvesting the auto-flocculated biomass was also reused up to three successive growth cycles. The recycled medium without any nutrient addition could be used for two subsequent rounds with enhanced biomass (520mg L-1 d-1 ± 4.07) and lipid (157.71mg L-1 d-1 ± 1.09) productivities. This synergistic approach of cultivating thermotolerant microalgae with wastewater from 2G pretreatment plant provides an economical setup for development of commercial algal biofuel technology.

Эколого-физиологическая характеристика сосудистых растений арктических тундр Западного Шпицбергена

The results of long-term studies of the ecological and physiological features of vascular plants in the Arctic tundra on the island of Spitsbergen are presented. Data on the content of plastid pigments for 98 vascular plants species from 20 families. The range of chlorophyll content is 0,4–2,6 mg / g of fresh weight. The relationship between the content of pigments and some indicators of functional activity of Arctic plants is analyzed. The content of flavonoids in the leaves of 63 species of vascular plants was studied. It is shown that 85 % of the studied species have high and medium values (4–11 %) of the flavonoid content. This is 2–3 times higher than in similar species of the Kola Subarctic. The composition of lipids in the leaves of the dominant and rare plant species of the Arctic tundra during the active vegetation period is analyzed. It was found that the dominance of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids in total lipids depends on the cold resistance of plant species and their representation in the ecotopes of the studied territory.

Effects of feeding on production, body composition and fatty acid profile of scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis

To meet the emerging demand of corals in various industries, it is necessary to develop an optimal technique to improve coral growth and health. Since heterotrophy provides a vital source of nutrients for corals, it is possible to implement a cultivation pattern combining regular methods with artificial feeding for corals. To this end, this study investigated the effects of feeding (supplemented with Artemia salina nauplii) on the production (growth and budding rate), body composition (tissue protein, crude lipid, and ash contents), and fatty acid profile (total fatty acid and polar lipid fatty acid profiles) of scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis in polyp morphology. Our results showed that feeding increased the production of G. fascicularis, with fed corals exhibiting a 51.4% higher growth rate and a double budding rate. Meanwhile, feeding changed the body composition of G. fascicularis, with increased tissue protein and crude lipid contents by 69.8%, and 31.0%, respectively, which indicated a good assimilation of supplementary proteins and lipids via feeding. Moreover, feeding also significantly changed the total FA profile of G. fascicularis, as it improved the levels of monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (mainly n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs), but decreased the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (mainly 16:0). However, there was no significant difference in the polar lipid FA composition of G. fascicularis between the two feeding regimes. This study highlights substantial improvements in the physiological state and health condition of corals under artificial feeding, and demonstrates that A. salina nauplii can serve as a suitable nutrient source for G. fascicularis in aquaculture.

Into the Deep: New Data on the Lipid and Fatty Acid Profile of Redfish Sebastes mentella Inhabiting Different Depths in the Irminger Sea.

New data on lipid and fatty acid profiles are presented, and the dynamics of the studied components in muscles in the males and females of the beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella, in the depth gradient of the Irminger Sea (North Atlantic) is discussed. The contents of the total lipids (TLs), total phospholipids (PLs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol (Chol), Chol esters, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and wax esters were determined by HPTLC; the phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were determined by HPLC; and fatty acids of total lipids were determined using GC. The Chol esters prevailed in muscles over the storage TAGs, and the wax ester content was high, which is a characteristic trait of vertically migrating species. Specific dynamics in certain PL in redfish were found to be depended on depth, suggesting that PLs are involved in the re-arrangement of the membrane physicochemical state and the maintenance of motor activity under high hydrostatic pressure. The high contents of DHA and EPA were observed in beaked redfish muscles is the species’ characteristic trait. The MUFAs in muscles include dietary markers of zooplankton (copepods)—20:1(n-9) and 22:1(n-11), whose content was found to be lower in fish sampled from greater depths.

Postprandial Fatty Acid Profile, but Not Cardiometabolic Risk Markers, Is Modulated by Dairy Fat Manipulation in Adults with Moderate Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Randomized Controlled REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol (RESET) Study.

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic consumption of dairy products with an SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched content was shown to impact favorably on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). However, their acute effect on postprandial cardiometabolic risk biomarkers requires investigation.ObjectiveThe effects of sequential high-fat mixed meals rich in fatty acid (FA)–modified or conventional (control) dairy products on postprandial FMD (primary outcome) and systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults with moderate cardiovascular risk (≥50% above the population mean) were compared.MethodsIn a randomized crossover trial, 52 participants [mean ± SEM age: 53 ± 2 y; BMI (kg/m2) 25.9 ± 0.5] consumed a high-dairy-fat breakfast (0 min; ∼50 g total fat: modified: 25 g SFAs, 20 g MUFAs; control: 32 g SFAs, 12 g MUFAs) and lunch (330 min; ∼30 g total fat; modified: 15 g SFAs, 12 g MUFAs; control: 19 g SFAs, 7 g MUFAs). Blood samples were obtained before and until 480 min after breakfast, with FMD assessed at 0, 180, 300, and 420 min. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models.ResultsPostprandial changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers were comparable between the different dairy meals, with the exception of a tendency for a 4% higher AUC for the %FMD response following the modified-dairy-fat meals (P = 0.075). Plasma total lipid FA analysis revealed that incremental AUC responses were 53% lower for total SFAs, 214% and 258% higher for total cis-MUFAs (predominantly cis-9 18:1), and trans-18:1, respectively, following the modified relative to the control dairy meals (all P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn adults at moderate cardiovascular risk, acute consumption of sequential high-fat meals containing FA-modified dairy products had little impact on postprandial endothelial function or systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers, but a differential effect on the plasma total lipid FA profile, relative to conventional dairy fat meals.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02089035.

SORPTION CONDITION OF HEAD TISSUES AND REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY AND HONEY PRODUCTIVITY OF BEES FED WITH DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF FLAX OIL IN FEED ADDITIVE

The research aims to establish a connection between the content of phospholipids, their fatty acid composition and the sorption capacity of honey bee head tissues and their reproductive capacity and productivity depending on the amount of flaxseed oil in the feed additive. It was found that the addition of flaxseed oil in the amount of 10 and 20 g into the feed additive which consists of low-fat soy flour and sugar syrup, demonstrates the dose-dependent increase in the content of saturated, monounsaturated and especially polyunsaturated fatty acids both in fatty acids of total lipids and non-esterified fatty acids. Feeding honey bees with a feed additive enriched with flax oil leads to a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of phospholipids in the tissues of the head of honey bees. At the same time, the relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 family increases in the phospholipids of bee tissues of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, but the content of monounsaturated fatty acids of the ω-9 family decreases. In this case, the ratio of the relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 family to the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-6 family in the phospholipids of the head tissues of honey bees of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups grows significantly. The increase in the concentration of phospholipids and the relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ω-3 family leads to a dose-dependent increase in the sorption capacity of the head tissues of honey bees of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups. At the same time, the tissue of the honey bee head in the 1st and mainly the 2nd experimental groups undergo the increase in the content of Nickel, Plumbum and Cadmium. In addition, the content of Copper and Chromium rises in the tissues of the head of honey bees of the 2nd experimental group. Changes in the content of phospholipids, their fatty acid composition and sorption capacity of the tissues of the head of honey bees of the 1st and especially 2nd experimental groups are accompanied by changes in the reproductive capacity of queens and honey productivity of worker bees. Specifically, the egg laying of queens in the 2nd and, to a greater extent, 1st experimental groups increase by 6.4% and 15.4%, respectively, and honey productivity of worker bees increases by 10.7% and 17.5%, respectively.

Extracted microbial oil from a novel Schizochytrium sp. (T18) as a sustainable high DHA source for Atlantic salmon feed: Impacts on growth and tissue lipids

The use of microbial oil, high in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was investigated as a lipid source in diets for farmed Atlantic salmon. Schizochytrium sp. oil is produced from heterotrophic fermentation and it can be a renewable source of long-chain n-3 fatty acids due to its high DHA content. A 16-week feeding trial was conducted on Atlantic salmon (24 g initial weight) in freshwater to test the effects of microbial oil (MO) from Schizochytrium sp. (T18), on fish growth performance and tissue lipid and fatty acid composition. Four experimental diets were tested: a reference diet (20% FO) and a commercial-type control diet (10% FO + 10% vegetable oil), a low MO diet (5% MO) and a high MO diet (10% MO). There were no differences in weight gain (81–98 g), condition factor (1.08), specific growth rate (1.30–1.53%/day), nor feed conversion ratio (0.84–0.90) among all treatments (p > 0.05). Fatty acids in total lipid in the muscle reflected the fatty acid profile in the diet, particularly in salmon fed low and high MO diets, with high muscle storage of DHA and low EPA compared to salmon fed the FO and FO/VO control diets. Overall, Schizochytrium sp. (T18) is a candidate for use in dietary oil blends for juvenile salmon.

ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID PROFILES FOR EASTERN BOX (TERRAPENE CAROLINA CAROLINA) AND COMMON SNAPPING (CHELYDRA SERPENTINE) TURTLES IN WILD AND MANAGED CARE ENVIRONMENTS

The housing of wild animals in managed care facilities requires attention to all aspects of husbandry. Diets of wild animals often differ in composition, consistency, and quantity when compared with those in managed care settings including zoos, rehabilitation facilities, and aquaria. It was hypothesized that dietary differences from wild versus managed care would be reflected in data of circulating fatty acids based on previous studies. The current study examined the effect of species and environment on fatty acid concentrations in two omnivorous species of chelonians: Eastern box turtles, Terrapene carolina carolina, and common snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina, located in the wild and managed care. Whole blood was collected and placed on spot cards for analysis of 26 fatty acids in a total lipid fatty acid profile. The present research indicated that Eastern box turtles have significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentages of linoleic acid (18:2n6), eicosadienoic acid (20:2n6), and mead acid (20:3n9). Common snapping turtles have significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentages of myristic acid (14:0), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n6), erucic acid (22:1n9), and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n6). Environmental effects also were noted; wild turtles had higher percentages of α-linolenic acid (18:3n3), arachidic acid (20:0), eicosadienoic acid (20:2n6), and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n3) (P < 0.05), whereas n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n6) was higher for the managed care group. Eicosadienoic acid (20:2n6), behenic acid; 22:0), adrenic acid (22:4n6), n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n6), and nervonic acid (24:1) were significantly different (P < 0.05) in species-environment interactions without any noted species or environment patterns. Fatty acids are useful for many important biological functions including proper immune system regulation, and therefore, the present research provides medically relevant data for reptile diagnostics. This research may help further improve diets of all chelonians kept in managed care, regardless of species.

The Effect of the Photoperiod on the Fatty Acid Profile and Weight in Hatchery-Reared Underyearlings and Yearlings of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar L.

The influence of two light regimes, 16:8 h light/dark (LD 16:8) and 24:0 h light/dark (LD 24:0), in comparison to a usual hatchery light regime (HL), on the fatty acids content and weight gain in hatchery-reared underyearlings (at 0+ age) and yearlings (at 1+ age) of Atlantic salmon in the summer–autumn period was studied. The total lipids were analyzed by Folch method, the lipid classes using HPTLC, and the fatty acids of total lipids using GC. The increase in EPA and DHA observed in October in underyearlings and yearlings salmon (especially under LD 24:0) suggests they were physiologically preparing for overwintering. The changes in fatty acids and their ratios in juvenile Atlantic salmon can be used as biochemical indicators of the degree to which hatchery-reared fish are ready to smoltify. These associated with an increase in marine-type specific DHA and EPA, an increase in the 16:0/18:1(n-9) ratio, in correlation with a reduction in MUFAs (mainly 18:1(n-9)). These biochemical modifications, accompanied by fish weight gain, were more pronounced in October in yearlings exposed to continuous light (LD 24:0). The mortality rate was lower in experimental groups of underyearliings with additional lighting. Exposure to prolonged and continuous light did not affect yearlings mortality rate.

Tiny but Fatty: Lipids and Fatty Acids in the Daubed Shanny (Leptoclinus Maculatus), a Small Fish in Svalbard Waters.

The seasonal dynamic of lipids and their fatty acid constituents in the lipid sac and muscles of pelagic postlarval Leptoclinus maculatus, an ecologically important fish species in the Arctic food nets, in Kongsfjord, Svalbard waters was studied. The determination of the qualitative and quantitative content of the total lipids (TLs), total phospholipids (PLs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol (Chol), cholesterol esters (Chol esters) and wax esters was analyzed by TLC, the phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelin (SM) were determined by HPLC, and fatty acids of total lipids using GC. The lipid sac is a system of cavities filled with lipids, and it is not directly connected to organs of the digestive system. The wall’s inner layer is a multinuclear symplast that has a trophic function. The results provide additional knowledge on the role of lipids in the biochemical and physiological adaptation of fish to specific environments and clarify the relationship between fatty acids and the food specialization of postlarvae. Analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile of TLs in the muscles and lipid sac of daubed shanny pelagic postlarvae showed it to be tissue- and organ-specific, and tightly associated with seasonal variations of environmental factors (temperature conditions and trophic resources).

Total Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds of Some Wild Achillea Species

Total Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds of Some Wild Achillea Species

Incorporation and distribution of crude palm oil fatty acids in the plasmatic lipids of consumers

Incorporation and distribution of crude palm oil fatty acids in the plasmatic lipids of consumers - IJCBR- Print ISSN No: - 2394-6369 Online ISSN No:- 2394-6377 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2019.063, International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research-Int J Clin Biochem Res

Comparison of lipid compositions of soft coral &lt;i&gt;Sinularia brassica&lt;/i&gt; collected in different coastal regions of Vietnam

Five soft coral samples belonging to the same specimen Sinularia brassica were collected in the coastal area of Ha Long Quang Ninh, Nhat Le beach, Quang Binh, Hon Vang - Thanh Hoa and Nha Trang areas (2014–2016), these samples were examined and analyzed by total lipid content, content and composition of lipid and fatty acids. Highest total lipid content was found in the sample SHM 09 collected in Nha Trang bay (1.11%), and the lowest total lipid content was in HL-SHM 07 collected in Ha Long, Quang Ninh (0.68%).The lipid composition of samples contained basic classes such as polar lipids, sterols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, monoankyldiacylglycerols, hydrocarbons and waxes. In studied soft corals, there are the appearance of all fatty acids from C12 to C24. There are differences in composition and content of lipids and fatty acids in samples collected in different locations: Samples collected at Nha Trang bay contain more polyunsaturated fatty acids than the other samples collected in Ha Long, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh. Another two samples, collected in Hon Vang (Thanh Hoa) have similar composition and content of lipid classes, the composition and content of fatty acids in total lipids. The obtained results also show the significant impact of habitat and time of acquisition on the studied subject.

Lipid fatty acid from the pericarp Cydonia oblonga Mill. and Mespilus germanica L. involved in plant adaptation to altitudinal zonality

The composition of fatty acids of total lipids of the outer and parenchymal part of the pericarp in Cydonia oblonga Mill and Mespilus germanica L. Maloideae (ROSACEAE), growing in the Northern Caucasian mountains at altitudes of 300, 500, 700, and 1200 m above sea level in various natural zones from experimental sites, was studied for the first time. It is established that the altitude of plant growth is largely correlated with the changes in the FA composition of the outer, but not the parenchymal, part of the pericarp. The nature of this variability suggests that the adaptation of plants to the conditions of significant temperature differences in the mountains is associated with the regulation of cell membrane fluidity, based on the interaction of opposite processes of synthesis of polyunsaturated and very-long-chain fatty acids.