Into the Deep: New Data on the Lipid and Fatty Acid Profile of Redfish Sebastes mentella Inhabiting Different Depths in the Irminger Sea.

Viktor P Voronin,Dmitrii V Artemenkov,Svetlana A Murzina,Tatjana R Ruokolainen,Nina N Nemova,Aleksei Y Rolskii,Alexei M Orlov

doi:10.3390/biom11050704

Abstract

New data on lipid and fatty acid profiles are presented, and the dynamics of the studied components in muscles in the males and females of the beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella, in the depth gradient of the Irminger Sea (North Atlantic) is discussed. The contents of the total lipids (TLs), total phospholipids (PLs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol (Chol), Chol esters, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and wax esters were determined by HPTLC; the phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were determined by HPLC; and fatty acids of total lipids were determined using GC. The Chol esters prevailed in muscles over the storage TAGs, and the wax ester content was high, which is a characteristic trait of vertically migrating species. Specific dynamics in certain PL in redfish were found to be depended on depth, suggesting that PLs are involved in the re-arrangement of the membrane physicochemical state and the maintenance of motor activity under high hydrostatic pressure. The high contents of DHA and EPA were observed in beaked redfish muscles is the species’ characteristic trait. The MUFAs in muscles include dietary markers of zooplankton (copepods)—20:1(n-9) and 22:1(n-11), whose content was found to be lower in fish sampled from greater depths.

Highlights

IntroductionLipids are essential multifunctional components of organisms
We found that the dominant fatty acids were polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), among which n-3 PUFA prevailed due to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA—22:6(n-3)), that accounted for 27.23–29.83% and 24.45–35.78%
We found that the dominant fatty acids were PUFAs, among which n-3 PUFA prevailed due to do- cosahexaenoic acid (DHA—22:6(n-3)), that accounted for 27.23–29.83% and 24.45–35.78% of the total FAprecursor, in the muscle tissues of males females, respectively, and due to6.87–8.07%

Summary

Introduction

Lipids are essential multifunctional components of organisms. Lipids and their fatty acids are regarded as quite labile biochemical molecules that participate in many complex compensatory reactions by which an organism maintains a homeostasis of interrelated metabolic processes in response to certain environmental factors or a combination thereof. Individual lipid classes can perform several functions related to adaptation processes in specific eco-physiological situations [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Deepwater organisms, inhabiting depths from 200 to 1000 m, are exposed to a range of environmental factors that often form extremely challenging combinations, e.g., high hydrostatic pressures low temperatures, and special photoperiods.

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Discussion

Conclusion