Fatty Acids In Blood Serum Research Articles

Essential fatty acids supplementation in different‐stage atopic dogs fed on a controlled diet

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation in different-stages atopic dogs fed on a controlled diet. Twenty-two non-seasonal atopic dogs of different breeds and ages were included in the 2-month trial. All the patients were given an essential fatty acid (EFA) supplementation [17 mg/kg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 5 mg/kg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + 35 mg/kg gammalinolenic acid (GLA)], the global (diet + supplementation) omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was 5.5-1. Two groups of dogs were considered: group A 'pre-immunotherapy' (15 cases) included dogs with early stages atopy, which had not been submitted to any treatment yet; group B 'post-immunotherapy' (seven cases) included dogs with chronic atopy immunotherapy non-responsive. Clinical evaluations were performed at the beginning, on day 30 and at the end of the trial. Blood serum fatty acids profile was determined at the beginning and at the end of the study. Better clinical results were obtained in group A, a great difference was found between the two groups on pruritus score. Serum arachidonic acid (AA) was significantly lower at the end of the trial in group A while GLA was significantly higher in group B. We hypothesized that different-stages atopic dogs could have different response to EFA supplementation, maybe because of a different fatty acids metabolism. Early stages cases seem to be more responsive to EFA supplementation.

Elevated polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood serum obtained from children on the ketogenic diet.

The authors analyzed blood metabolites in nine children with epilepsy prior to starting the ketogenic diet (KD) and 3 to 4 weeks after KD therapy. Elevated beta-hydroxybutyrate and cortisol levels were observed in all children on the KD. Free fatty acids increased 2.2-fold on the KD, with significant elevations in most polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; arachidonate increased 1.6- to 2.9-fold and docosahexaenoate increased 1.5- to 4.0-fold). The rise in total serum arachidonate correlated with improved seizure control. Elevated PUFA may represent a key anticonvulsant mechanism of the KD.

Effects of Bovine Somatotropin and Evaporative Cooling Plus Shade on Lactation Performance of Cows During Summer Heat Stress

Thirty-two Holstein cows (8 per treatment) averaging 195 d in milk were assigned to 70 d of treatment on the basis of production during a 14-d pretreatment period, which was used for covariate analysis. The experiment was a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were normal shade or shade plus evaporative cooling with pressurized spray, plus with or without the administration of bovine somatotropin (bST). Cows receiving bST were injected with 500mg of bST every 14 d. All cows were fed the same total mixed rations twice daily at approximately 10% in excess of appetite, and water was offered free choice. There were no interactions between bST and the cooling system for any of the variables measured. Milk yield was increased by bST and tended to be greater for cooled cows. Fat percentages were increased by bST, and yields of fat, protein, and 3.5% fat-corrected milk, and the efficiency of conversion of dry matter to milk, whereas evaporative cooling increased body weights and protein yields, but decreased SNF and milk protein percentages. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates also were lower for cooled cows. And, bST increased nonesterified fatty acids in blood serum, suggesting that a part of the energy for increased milk production came from mobilization of body fat. Administration of bST effectively improved performance of cows under hot summer conditions whether evaporatively cooled or not.

Effect of high-fat cholesterol enriched diets on hypolipemic action of Oenothera paradoxa oil in rats. Part 1. Blood serum and liver lipids.

The effect on Oenothera paradoxa oil on blood serum and liver lipids metabolism in rats fed a semisynthetic high-fat cholesterol enriched diets was investigated. The source of fats was sunflower oil or lard in 15% quantities and the source of protein was soybean protein isolate in 27% quantity. The diets were enriched with 0.5% cholesterol. This dietary experiment was carried on for 8 weeks. For the first 4 weeks rats were fed standard diet and for the next 4 weeks Oe. paradoxa oil (300 mg/day/rat) was additionally given by stomach-tube. At the end of experiment the contents of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in blood serum as well as cholesterol and triglycerides level in liver were determined. It was found that the addition of cholesterol to the diet decreased the hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of Oe. paradoxa oil both in blood serum and liver. It have not had any significant effect on the free fatty acid concentration in blood serum decrease by Oe. paradoxa oil intake.

Analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood serum after fish oil administration

Free and total fatty acids in the blood serum of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia have been analysed as their methyl esters by capillary gas chromatography using an FFAP column. In one-step reactions the free fatty acids in serum react with methanol—acetyl chloride (50:1, v/v) at 25°C, the total fatty acids (free plus esterified) are transesterified with methanol—toluene—acetyl chloride (8:2:1, v/v) at 100°C. The quantification of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is based on an internal standard (13,16,19-docosatrienoic acid) and on calibration standards. Under normal diet the concentrations of EPA and DHA are as follows (mean ± S.D., n = 27): free EPA. 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dl; free DHA. 0.6 ± 0.2 mg/dl; total EPA, 3.6 ± 2.1 mg/dl; total DHA 11.4 ± 3.1 mg/dl. Under a fish oil intake of 9 g per day, free and total EPA concentrations rise by ca. five- to six-fold, and free and total DHA concentrations by ca. two-fold.

Dietary Choline for the Lactating Cow: Possible Effects on Milk Fat Synthesis

Two experiments with low forage diets tested effects of added dietary choline on milk fat synthesis. In Experiment 1, 18 Holstein cows were in a 12-wk trial. Choline (0, 1.5, and 3 g/kg) was added to the concentrate portion of a 70% concentrate, 30% corn silage diet (dry matter). Treatments were applied in a switchback design with 4-wk experimental periods. Highest choline increased milk fat by .34 percentage units and fat-corrected milk by 2kg per day over controls. Rumen pH and volatile fatty acids were similar among treatments. Free fatty acids of blood serum were reduced 3.0 mg/100ml by 3 g/kg choline. In Experiment 2 with four mature Holsteins, choline was added (0, 2, 4, and 6 g/kg concentrate) in 25% corn silage and 75% concentrate diets. Treatments were applied in a 4×4 Latin square design. Addition of 4 g/kg choline resulted in 3.7 kg/day and .77 percentage unit increases of fat-corrected milk and milk fat percent, respectively, whereas fat-corrected milk and milk fat percent at 6 g/kg were only slightly higher than controls. We hypothesized that choline aided transport of mobilized free fatty acids from adipose tissue through the liver to the mammary gland.

How essential are essential fatty acids?

The present article analyzes the symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency, both in human beings and in animals. The first part of the article describes the interrelationships between linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids, and how these acids affect the physiological response in experimental animals. Likewise, it discusses the effect of gradual levels of linoleic acid intake, and its use to establish quantitative requirements for essential fatty acids on the basis of biochemical parameters. It provides information also on the effect of dietary non-essential fatty acids on essential fatty acid metabolism. The second part of the article deals with the significance of essential fatty acids in human nutrition. In spite of the available information in this regard, it is suggested that further and more thorough studies be conducted. Data on human blood serum fatty acid composition are presented, which could be used as a basis for comparison when essential fatty acid deficiency is suspected. The author further indicates that there are several dietary factors that could induce essential fatty acid deficiency, or that could result in marginal states of deficiency in these nutrients.

The Determination of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Blood Serum Using a Stable Cupric Reagent

A modification of the method for the determination of nonesterified fatty acids in blood serum using a stable cupric reagent stabilized with sodium citrate, has been developed. 33 g of NaCl are dissolved in 100 ml of the described reagent, and its pH should not be additionally adjusted. The reagent is stable for at least one year if kept in the refrigerator at 5 degrees C. The determination may be done in 0.1--0.2 ml of blood serum. The relationship between the absorbance and concentration of palmitic acid is still linear at a concentration of 2500 mumol/l. Error of the method is +/- 3%.

Infrared measurement of total fatty acids in blood serum

AbstractQuantitative determination of total fatty acids in rabbit blood serum is achieved using the infrared absorption band, associated with the C=0 stretching vibration at 1713 cm−1 (5.84 μm). Different tests are described to show the validity of this method for a wide range of variation in total concentration and in individual percentages of any one fatty acid. The results are treated by statistical methods, and it is found that infrared analysis is five times more sensitive than methods described previously. This accurate technique, which can be applied to other serums has, for example, been applied to disclose a systematic error in the preparation of total fatty acid samples when nitrogen flushing is not used.

Infrared measurement of total fatty acids in blood serum

AbstractQuantitative determination of total fatty acids in rabbit blood serum is achieved using the infrared absorption band, associated with the C = O stretching vibration at 1713 cm−1 (5.84 μm). Different tests are described to show the validity of this method for a wide range of variation in total concentration and in individual percentages of any one fatty acid. The results are treated by statistical methods, and it is found that infrared analysis is five times more sensitive than methods described previously. This accurate technique, which can be applied to other serums has, for example, been applied to disclose a systematic error in the preparation of total fatty acid samples when nitrogen flushing is not used.

Content of nonesterified fatty acids in blood serum and adipose tissue of castrated rats during electrical stimulation

Content of nonesterified fatty acids in blood serum and adipose tissue of castrated rats during electrical stimulation

The effect of heparin on the level of non-esterified fatty acids, pyruvic and citric acid in blood serum in relation to atherosclerosis and age

After intravenous heparin injection, levels of non-esterified fatty acids, pyruvic and citric acid in blood serum were studied in two groups of atherosclerotic persons of different age (55 yr and 73 yr respectively) and in a third group of young healthy persons. The highest response of non-esterified fatty acids in blood serum after heparin was found in the 55-yr-old group and in this group there was also a decrease in pyruvic acid and an increase in citric acid. In the 73-yr-old group the reaction of non-esterified fatty acids in blood serum was higher than in healthy control group, but lower than in the group of 55-yr-old atherosclerotics.

Major Fatty Acids in Blood Serum and Adipose Tissue of Woodchucks (Marmota monax)

Journal Article Major fatty acids in blood serum and adipose tissue of woodchucks (Marmota monax) Get access BioScience, Volume 15, Issue 11, November 1965, Pages 749–750, https://doi.org/10.2307/1293540 Published: 01 November 1965

Estrogens as inhibitors of the influence of growth hormones on the mobilization of free fatty acids

It is shown in the paper that implantation in rats of a 5 mg synestrol tablet (equivalent to an average therapeutic dose of the preparation used in treating milk-duct carcinoma in man) eliminates or reduces the growth hormone's capacity of raising the level of free fatty acids in blood serum. The paper discusses at some length the importance of this antagonism phenomenon necessitating a more profound study which would include the development of acromegaloid features with aging, as well as investigating the issues arising from the antagonism to other properties of the growth hormone, the studies involving the use of both the estrogens and the hypophyseal inhibitors.

Unsaturated fatty acids of blood serum from pigs with and without parakeratosis.

SummaryAs a part of nutritional studies on parakeratosis in swine, the content of essential fatty acids in blood serum of pigs with and without parakeratosis was determined. It is concluded that low levels of the essential fatty acids in the blood are not associated with the development of parakeratosis.

The determination of the higher saturated fatty acids in blood serum

AbstractA description is given of the determination of the higher even‐numbered, straight‐chain saturated fatty acids in small amounts of blood serum.

A MODIFICATION OF THE STODDARD AND DRURY TITRIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE FATTY ACIDS IN BLOOD SERUM

A MODIFICATION OF THE STODDARD AND DRURY TITRIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE FATTY ACIDS IN BLOOD SERUM