Cattle Fattening Research Articles

Pathogenetic development patterns of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathologies in calves with proventriculus dysfunction history

An experiment was conducted in the conditions of an industrial complex specializing in the intensive fattening of young cattle, to study the development patterns of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathologies in calves with a history of previous proventriculus dysfunction. The object of the research were calves aged 120 days, which were divided into three groups: control, and two experimental groups - with a difference in using or the absence of phytosorbent. The diet included cereal hay and compound feed (CP 21.5%) according to the norms and regimen of feeding, for animals of this age. It appeared that for calves shortening of the adaptation period to the consumption of a large amount of compound feed had a negative impact on the rumen contractile function and the processes of digestion in it with the formation of a complex of symptoms of frothy tympany and rumen acidosis. After a course of appropriate treatment, the specific symptoms of these pathologies of the rumen disappeared, but the imbalance between the depression of symbiotic and activation of abdominal digestion remained, with the formation of a constant pre-threshold level of local autointoxication. The transfer of animals to the technological diet activated the processes of rumen metabolism and increased biochemical imbalance, which caused the progression of the endogenous intoxication syndrome and vegetative dystonia with a corresponding increase in the risk of developing respiratory and gastrointestinal pathologies. The use of a combined native premix based on the enterosorbent Rigatirin against the background of residual pathological phenomena after proventriculus dysfunctions reduced the level of toxic substances in the rumen, which excluded the generalization of autointoxication with an increase in the functional load on the digestive organs. As a result, the mechanism of pathogenetic integration (predisposition) formation in the body was leveled with a corresponding decrease in the incidence of the lungs, rumen and intestines. As a result, the mechanism of pathogenetic integration (predisposition) formation in the body was leveled, which caused a 6.7-fold decrease in the level of morbidity in animals and a 22.9 % increase in their growth.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of potassium ferrocyanide for all animal species (K + S KALI GmbH).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of potassium ferrocyanide as a technological feed additive, functional group anticaking agents, for all animal species. The additive potassium ferrocyanide is intended to be used in potassium chloride with a maximum content of 150 mg ferrocyanide anion/kg salt. The use of potassium ferrocyanide is safe, when added to potassium chloride at a maximum content of 150 mg ferrocyanide anions (anhydrous)/kg for: pigs for fattening and lactating sows, sheep, goats, salmon and dogs. In the absence of a margin of safety, the use of potassium chloride according to the proposed conditions of use is not considered to be safe for chickens for fattening, laying hens, turkeys, piglets, veal calf, cattle for fattening, dairy cows, horse, rabbit and cats. In the absence of information on the use of potassium chloride in the diets for any other animal species, no conclusion on a potentially safe level of potassium chloride, supplemented with 150 mg ferrocyanide/kg, can be made. The use of potassium ferrocyanide in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety. The results of in vivo studies showed that potassium ferrocyanide is not irritant to skin and eye and is not a skin sensitiser. However, due to the presence of nickel, the additive should be considered as a respiratory and dermal sensitiser. The available data do not allow the FEEDAP Panel to conclude on the safety of the additive for the soil and the marine environment, while the use of the additive in land-based aquaculture according to the proposed conditions of use is considered of no concern. Potassium ferrocyanide is considered to be efficacious as an anticaking agent when included in potassium chloride at the proposed use levels.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (nutmeg oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (nutmeg oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The additive contains myristicin (up to 12%), safrole (2.30%), elemicin (0.40%) and methyleugenol (0.33%). For long-living and reproductive animals, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) considered of low concern the use of the additive in complete feed at 0.2 mg/kg for laying hens and rabbits, 0.3 mg/kg for sows and dairy cows, 0.5 mg/kg for sheep/goats, horses and cats, 0.6 mg/kg for dogs and 2.5 mg/kg for ornamental fish. For short-living animals, the Panel had no safety concern when the additive is used at the maximum proposed use level of 10 mg/kg for veal calves, cattle for fattening, sheep/goats, horses for meat production, and salmon and for the other species, at 3.3 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 2.8 mg/kg chickens for fattening, 5.0 mg/kg for piglets, 6.0 mg/kg for pigs for fattening and 4.4 mg/kg for rabbits for meat production. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered of low concern at 0.2 mg/kg. The use of nutmeg oil in animal feed was expected to be of no concern for consumers and the environment. The additive should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes and as a skin and respiratory sensitiser. Based on the presence of safrole, nutmeg oil is classified as carcinogen (category 1B) and handled accordingly. Since nutmeg oil was recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be the same, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

Skala transportu zwierząt gospodarskich w Unii Europejskiej

Agricultural policy and the profitability of production are conducive to the movement of animals not only for slaughter, but also for pig fattening or cattle fattening. The largest producers transport animals both in intra-EU trade and to third countries. Transporting animals, especially over long distances, involves significant environmental costs. In contrast, the transport of carcasses or meat is more beneficial in terms of its impact on the environment and climate change. It appears that changes in this area may be accelerated by pressure from consumer choices.

Safety and efficacy of the feed additive 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole [15.018] belonging to chemical group 29 for all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole [15.018] belonging to chemical group 29 (thiazoles, thiophene and thiazoline), when used as sensory additive (flavourings) in feed for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole [15.018] was safe at the maximum proposed use level of 0.5 mg/kg complete feed for veal calves (milk replacer), dogs, salmonids and ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed are: 0.4 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep/goat, horses and cats; 0.3 mg/kg for sows and dairy cows; 0.2 mg/kg for piglets, pigs for fattening, rabbits and laying hens; and 0.1 mg/kg for chickens for fattening and turkeys for fattening. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered safe at 0.1 mg/kg complete feed. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use the additive up to the maximum proposed use level in feed. The additive should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract, and as dermal and respiratory sensitisers. The use of 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole [15.018] as a flavour in animal feed was not expected to pose a risk to the environment. Since the compound under assessment is used in food as flavouring and its function in feed is essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

Profitability of Cattle Fattening Enterprise in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

The study determined the profitability of cattle fattening in Maiduguri. Data were collected from a random sample of 300 fatteners using well-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using gross margin analysis and stochastic profit production function. Analysis of cost and returns revealed a mean gross margin per cattle of N46, 581.63 with cost of feed accounting for more than 83.9% of the average total variable cost per cattle. This suggests that cattle fattening is highly a profitable venture and that cost of feed is the most dominant variable cost of cattle fattening. All factors used in determining the impact of variable costs on profitability were found to be negative and significant except farm size which is positive. Thus, increase in farm size will lead to increase in profit all things being equal. The lack of incentives, ineffective extension services and poor credit facilities were major constraints identified for cattle fattening enterprise.

Kazakh white-headed breed of cattle: the contribution of its creator K.A. Akopyan to the development of zootechnical science and adaptive animal husbandry

Relevance. One of the creators of the Kazakh white-headed breed of cattle, which has become widespread in the arid steppes from the Volga region to Mongolia, is Doctor of Agricultural Sciences K.А. Akopyan. Despite the fact that the scientist made a significant contribution to the development of Russian animal science, no major biographical monographs have been written about his innovative achievements, his scientific works are a bibliographic rarity. Scientific heritage of K.A. Akopyan requires a deep and comprehensive analysis.Methods. The use of problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods makes it possible to trace certain important stages in the life of a scientist. The published scientific works of K.A. Akopyan, as well as research work on the creation of the Kazakh white-headed breed of cattle.Results. The study showed that Hakobyan?s scientific heritage is unique, and the range of scientific activities is wide and varied. In addition to creating a new valuable breed, he developed methods for the accelerated intensive cultivation and fattening of young cattle, a rational system for obtaining high meat productivity. Further improvement of the Kazakh white-headed breed, indispensable for breeding in extreme natural and climatic conditions of dry steppes and deserts, should be based on knowledge of economically useful, biological, breeding qualities of animals and scientifically based methods for their improvement

Cattle Fattening Program: The Effectiveness of Zakat Community Development

Despite many studies on productive Zakat, the focus on the effectiveness of mustahiq empowerment programs has been limited. This study looks at how effective the Zakat community development-based cattle fattening program is towards the empowerment of Zakat recipients. The study measures four indicators of program effectiveness: program target accuracy, program socialization, program objectives, and program monitoring. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation. The study found that the program was good at targeting the right people, but it wasn't socialized enough. The program also fell short of its objectives because the recipients weren't making enough money to become donors themselves yet. However, the program was well-monitored, with regular check-ins to make sure it was on track. The study suggests that clearer standards are needed to increase the benefits received by Zakat recipients This study has practical implications for productive Zakat distribution policies, as clear benchmarks are required for implementing programs that increase Zakat recipients' benefits.

Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of an essential oil and tincture from the berries of Juniperus communis L. (juniper oil and juniper tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of juniper oil and juniper tincture obtained from the berries of Juniperus communis L., when used as sensory additives for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that juniper oil is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 5 mg/kg for laying hens, 15 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer) and cattle for fattening and 20 mg/kg for ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed were 4 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 5 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 7 mg/kg for piglets, 8 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 10 mg/kg for sows, dairy cows, 16 mg/kg for sheep, goats and horses, 6 mg/kg for rabbits, 17 mg/kg for salmonids, 18 mg/kg for dogs and 3 mg/kg for cats. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered safe at 3 mg/kg complete feed. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that juniper tincture is safe up to the maximum proposed use level in feed of 45 mg/kg complete feed or water for drinking for all animal species. No concerns for consumers and the environment were identified following the use of the additives to the highest safe level in feed. The additives under assessment should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes, and as skin and respiratory sensitisers. Since the berries of J. communis and their preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

Safety of a feed additive consisting of lignosulphonate for all animal species (Borregaard AS).

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of lignosulphonate, when used as a technological additive (functional group: binders) in feed for all animal species. In two previous assessments, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the maximum level proposed of 10,000 mg lignosulphonate/kg complete feed is safe for weaned piglets, pigs for fattening, chickens for fattening, laying hens and cattle for fattening, but a margin of safety could not be identified. Consequently, these conclusions could not be extrapolated to other animal species/categories. In the current application, the applicant proposed to reduce the maximum content of lignosulphonate in feed for all animal species to 8,000 mg/kg complete feed. The results of two newly submitted tolerance studies allowed the Panel to conclude that 8,000 mg lignosulphonate/kg complete feed is also safe for dairy cows and salmonids, with a margin of safety of at least 1.25. Considering the results of the studies previously assessed and those of the two new tolerance studies, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that lignosulphonate is safe for all animal species when used at a maximum content of 8,000 mg/kg complete feed.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the oleoresin of Pinus pinaster Aiton (pine white oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil obtained from the oleoresin of Pinus pinaster Aiton (pine white oil, also known as turpentine oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the essential oil under assessment is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels of 35 mg/kg for laying hens, piglets, pigs for fattening, sows, rabbits, salmonids, 50 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), cattle for fattening, dairy cows, horses, dogs and ornamental fish, 20 mg/kg for cats. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed were 25 mg/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening, 33 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening and 14 mg/kg for ornamental birds. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered safe at 20 mg/kg complete feed. No concerns for consumers were identified following the use of pine white oil up to the maximum proposed use levels in feed. The additive under assessment should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a skin and respiratory sensitiser. The use of pine white oil at the proposed use level in feed was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Pine white oil was recognised to flavour food. Since its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DBVPG 48 SF (BioCell®) for horses, pigs and ruminants (Mazzoleni S.p.A.)

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DBVPG 48 SF (BioCell®) as a zootechnical feed additive for horses, pigs and ruminants. The product, manufactured in three formulations (microsphere, micropellet and powder), is intended for use in complete feed at a minimum inclusion level of 3 × 109 CFU/kg complete feed for horses, 4 × 108 CFU/kg complete feed for dairy cows and minor dairy species, 4 × 109 CFU/kg complete feed for calves, cattle for fattening, minor growing and fattening ruminants, piglets and pigs for fattening and minor porcine species and 6 × 109 CFU/kg complete feed for sows and minor porcine species for reproduction. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. The identity of the strain was conclusively established and, therefore, the use of the additive in animal nutrition is considered safe for the target species, the consumer and the environment. The additive, in any formulation, is not irritant to the eyes and skin but should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. The Panel cannot conclude on the skin sensitisation potential of the additive. The Panel concluded that the additive has the potential to be efficacious at the proposed conditions of use for horses, dairy ruminants and all pigs. However, the Panel was not in the position to conclude on the efficacy of the additive for calves, and neither for cattle for fattening, minor growing and fattening ruminants.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel leaf oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel leaf oil), when used as a sensory additive for all animal species. The additive contains up to 4% methyleugenol. The use of the additive at 2mg/kg complete feed in dogs and cats was considered of low concern. For other long-living and reproductive animals, the use of the additive at 10mg/kg was considered of concern. For short-living animals, the Panel had no safety concern when the additive is used at 10mg/kg complete feed for turkeys for fattening, piglets and other growing Suidae, pigs for fattening, veal calves (milk replacer), cattle for fattening and other growing ruminants, horses and rabbits for meat production, salmonids and other fin fish; and at 8.5mg/kg for chickens for fattening, other growing poultry and other minor species for fattening. The use of laurel leaf oil up to the highest level in feed which was considered of no concern for target animals was also expected to be of no concern for consumers. The additive should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract. Due to the high concentration of methyleugenol (≥ 1%), the additive was classified by the applicant as suspected of causing genetic defects and of causing cancer and should be handled accordingly. The use of the additive under the proposed conditions of use was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since the leaves of L. nobilis and their preparations were recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be the same, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

Safety and efficacy of the feed additives 2-acetylfuran [13.054] and 2-pentylfuran [13.059] belonging to chemical group 14 for animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of 2-acetylfuran [13.054] and 2-pentylfuran [13.059] belonging to chemical group 14 (furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms), when used as sensory additives (flavourings) in feed for all animal species. 2-Acetylfuran [13.054] was tested in tolerance studies in chickens for fattening, weaned piglets and cattle for fattening. No adverse effects were observed in the tolerance studies at 10-fold the intended use level. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that 2-acetylfuran [13.054] is safe for these species at the proposed use level of 0.5mg/kg and conclusions were extrapolated to all animal species. For 2-pentylfuran [13.059], the Panel concluded that it is safe at the proposed maximum use level in feed of 0.5mg/kg. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of 2-acetylfuran [13.054] and 2-pentylfuran [13.059] up to the proposed maximum use level in feed as flavourings. The additives should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract, and as dermal and respiratory sensitisers. The use of 2-acetylfuran [13.054] and 2-pentylfuran [13.059] as flavours in animal feed was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since the compounds under assessment are used in food as flavourings and their function in feed is essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

Economic Performance of Cattle Fattening Business in West Lombok Regency

This study aims to determine: (1) how much revenue fattening Bali cattle, (2) financial feasibility of the Bali cattle fattening, and (3) channel marketing of fattening Bali cattle in West Lombok. This study was conducted over three months from Mei to Juli 2016 Month with survey methods, the number of respondents 60 people. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of input-output, BC Ratio and Return On Investment (ROI). Specifically to determine the marketing channels used descriptive analysis. The results showed that (1) The average Farmer income of fattening Bali cattle Rp.6.466.058 per person and Rp. 1.616.514 per head. (2) Bali cattle fattening shoul be developed by the BC Ratio 1,128. ROI value of Bali cattle fattening is 12,84 %, higher than prevalling bank rate is curently7,5%. (3) The farmers in West Lombok Regency majority (63%) to market its livestock fatenned animals to market, the reason is more efficient in term of time. When livestock is sold, the farmer directly to buy feeder for subsequent fattening period.

Cultıvatıon of protococcales on wastewater

Many farms in Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other republics arrange the production cultivation of chlorella and other microalgae in special installations and the use of suspensions as a protein-vitamin additive in the ration of farm animals. The use of chlorella and other microalgae in the fattening of cattle, pigs and poultry allows for additional weight gain, the elimination of avitaminosis diseases and improvement of product quality.

Safety of 27 flavouring compounds providing a milky-vanilla flavour and belonging to different chemical groups for use as feed additives in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of 27 compounds to provide a milky-vanilla flavour belonging to different chemical groups, when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species. Fifteen of the 27 compounds were tested in tolerance studies in chickens for fattening, piglets and cattle for fattening. No adverse effects were observed in the tolerance studies at 10-fold the intended level. The Panelon Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the 15 tested compounds were safe for these species at the proposed use level and conclusions were extrapolated to all animal species. For the remaining 12 compounds, read-across from structurally similar compounds tested in tolerance trials and belonging to the same chemical group was applied. The FEEDAP Panelconcluded that these 12 compounds were safe for all animal species at the proposed use level. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of the 27 compounds up to the highest levels considered safe for target animals. No new data were submitted on the safety for the user that would allow the FEEDAP Panelto change its previous conclusion for 5-methylhept-2-en-4-one [07.139], 5-methylfurfural [13.001] and 4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one [07.024]. The concentrations considered safe for the target species are unlikely to have detrimental effects on the environment for all the compounds.

THE FEED TABLE PARAMETERS FOR BEEF CATTLE GRAIN FATTENING

A feeding place for cattle fattening should be durable, convenient and functional; different feeding places for coarse feed and feed grain mixtures are used. At beef cattle fattening with whole grain, its losses can reach 10-20%, therefore, these losses reducing, grain for feeding in various ways is prepared: mechanical (crushing, flattening, mixing), physical (steaming), chemical (alkaline, acid treatment) and biological (yeast, silage, fermentation, enzymatic treatment). The purpose of this study is "smart" feed table optimal parameters’ for beef cattle grain fattening, equipped with feed level sensors and computer vision to determine. It was found that the optimal depth of the feeding table (group feeder) is related to animal's body proportions: its depth covers animal's head half length (0,24 m) and is 0,30 m3, respectively, where single feed volume, occupying 1/5 of the total volume, is 0,06 m3. The feeder’s volume recommended by the Norms of technological design is 0,4-0,6 m3. Such volume even for specialized meat breeds’ massive animals is excessive and can in1,5-2,0 times or 0,2 m in terms of the feeder’s depth be reduced. Its optimal parameters are: length - 0,6 m, width - 0,7 m, height - 0,3 m, volume - 0,126 m3. The "smart" feeder, equipped with feed volume level sensors and computer vision, can be both individual and group. The feed mixture into it in portions is fed, from the bunker with which it is connected. Ultrasonic, vibration or rotary alarms are used as feed level sensors. All data to the farm’s computer database is transferred.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ESSENTIAL BIOSTIMULATOR TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLEMENTARY FEED AS A MIXTURE OF REINFORCING FEED ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND NUTRIENT PROFILES OF BEEF CATTLE SERUM (CASE STUDY OF BEEF CATTLE FATTENING ON PEOPLE'S LIVESTOCK)

The national meat self-sufficiency program in Indonesia aims to increase the cattle population to meet the country's meat consumption. Beer dregs are a potential alternative feed supplement, as they contain high crude protein and soluble carbohydrates that can affect the rumen microbial population. In addition, essential oil biostimulators derived from citronella are added to the feed as a mixture of reinforcing feed to support cattle health and productivity. This study investigates the effect of essential biostimulators in supplementary feed as a mixture of reinforcing feed on the haematological and nutrient profiles of beef cattle serum, using the case study of beef cattle fattening in People's Livestock. Results showed that the addition of citronella essential oil improved nutrient digestibility and rumen health, and the combination of beer dregs and essential biostimulators positively impacted the haematological and nutrient profiles of beef cattle serum.

The Beef Cattle Fattening Business in Central Java: Partnership Pattern and Profitability Rates

Research has been conducted on the partnership pattern of beef cattle fattening businesses in Semarang District, Central Java Province from August 2021 to July 2022. It aimed to look at production costs, profits, profit sharing, satisfaction, convenience, and benefits for farmers. There were three rearing patterns. Pattern 1 (partnership pattern 1): Investors cover the production costs of cattle breeds and concentrates. Farmers provide grass, cowshed, and labor. Pattern 2 (partnership pattern 2): Investors cover the cost of producing cattle breeds. Farmers provide concentrates, grass, cowshed, and labor. Pattern 3: independent farmers. The research method was a survey through interviews with investors, farmers, and observations of fattened cattle. Twenty-seven Simental cattle breeds were used in this research that involved 18 farmers. The collected data included feeding, weight gain, production costs, profits, profit sharing, and participants’ responses to partnership patterns. The obtained data were analysed descriptively. The research results showed the average weight gain/head/day for Patterns 1, 2, and 3 were 1.02, 1.01, and 0.97 kg, and benifit each IDR 1,119,390/month, IDR 1,120,000/month, and IDR 1,212,020/month was earned. Compared to the partnership pattern, the response of independent farmers was the highest since it was the most satisfying, the easiest, and provides the most benefits.