Presence Of Father Research Articles

The family environment in early childhood has a long-term effect on self-esteem: A longitudinal study from birth to age 27 years.

A better understanding is needed of the factors that shape the development of individual differences in self-esteem. Using a prospective longitudinal design, this research tested whether the family environment in early childhood predicts self-esteem in later developmental periods. Data came from a nationally representative U.S. sample of 8,711 participants, who reported on their self-esteem biannually from age 8 to 27 years. Moreover, during the participants' first 6 years of life, biannual assessments of their mothers provided information on the quality of the home environment (covering quality of parenting, cognitive stimulation, and physical home environment), quality of parental relationship, presence of father, maternal depression, and poverty status of the family. The analyses were conducted using nonlinear regression analyses of age-dependent correlation coefficients, which were controlled for the effects of child gender and ethnicity. The results suggested that the family environment in early childhood significantly predicted self-esteem as the children grew up. Although the effects became smaller with age, the effects were still present during young adulthood. The largest effects emerged for quality of home environment. Moreover, the results suggested that the effects of home environment, presence of father, and poverty are enduring, as indicated by a nonzero asymptote in the time course of effects from age 8 to 27 years. Finally, quality of home environment partially accounted for the effects of the other predictors. The findings suggest that the home environment is a key factor in early childhood that influences the long-term development of self-esteem. (PsycINFO Database Record

Low-Income Nonresident Fatherhood: A Literature Review With Implications for Practice and Research

The emerging literature on fatherhood is contributing to the reframing of public perceptions of low-income nonresident fathers by focusing on father presence rather than absence. Insights into how and when fathers contribute to their children beyond financial support provides for a strengths-based perspective to engage fathers in services provided for their children. A review of this literature includes practice implications related to the need for: (a) father engagement training for agency staff, (b) father-friendly programs and services, (c) child support policy reform, and (d) more research on the issue of fatherhood in the 21st century.

The effect of father's absence, parental adverse events, and neighborhood disadvantage on children’s aggression and delinquency: A multi-analytic approach

ABSTRACTWe applied multiple statistical approaches to address the covarying nature of neighborhood, household context, and children’s behavioral problems. The focal relationship under investigation was the effect of father's presence on child’s aggression. We take advantage of hybrid models to examine within-group fixed effects of time-varying variables, while paying attention to household stable characteristics. Findings demonstrate that the level of child's aggression was influenced more by household and neighborhood-level stable characteristics. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood had direct and indirect effects on child 's aggression, controlling for other variables. Fixed effects model showed no significant relationship between having a father in the household and child's aggression. However, hybrid models with between- and within-group differences in father's absence indicated that the between-individual difference was significantly associated with child's aggression. The findings suggest that contextual forces that precede the relationship between father's absence and child's aggression might determine who may be likely to live in households with characteristics that affect both father's absence and child's aggression. When there are systematic selection biases, statistical methods suited for determining causal inference, such as fixed effects models, cannot fully tease out larger contextual and systemic forces that sort individuals into certain types of households and neighborhoods.

Le Rouge et le Noir e Vie de Henry Brulard, elementi di contaminazione narrativa e autobiografica

The article proposes a comparative and text-oriented analysis of Vie de Henry Brulard and Le Rouge et le Noir and it wants to illustrate how elements of the Novel are evoked and recalled in the autobiographical writing by textual occurrences, following three themes: the presence of the father, the language, the erotic aspect. This analysis put under scrutiny how these interconnections between Fiction and Autobiography work, by showing how some autobiographical echoes that were firstly transposed in the Novel are re-elaborated and proposed again in the Autobiography after the contamination with Fiction. Thus, throughout the process of re-elaboration of mnemonic materials, memories could lose their bond with the historic event, which instead bring to the fore revealing signs of Stendhal's personal truth.

Suivi obstétrical et pronostic périnatal chez les femmes enceintes toxicomanes

ObjectiveTo identify the factors associated with a good obstetric follow-up and a good perinatal prognosis, in order to adapt the management of pregnant women with addiction to opiates. MethodsA retrospective study was carried out in our maternity between January 2012 and December 2014, including 104 women who were addicted to opiates, whether or not they were substituted, with or without associated consumptions, regardless of the term of delivery beyond 22 weeks of amenorrhea. ResultsA good obstetrical follow-up was observed by 32.7% of women. The father's presence (OR=3.9; P=0.0113) and investment in pregnancy (OR=4.4; P=0.0029), as well as the desired character of the pregnancy (OR=4.5; P=0.0008) appeared to be associated with the quality of the observed follow-up. Preterm deliveries (11.8 versus 35.8%; P=0.0103), and social measures taken at the discharge of the newborn from the maternity (2.9 versus 24.3%, P=0.0057) were less frequent. A good perinatal prognosis was found for 29.8% of the cases. Associated consumptions <3 (OR=2.6 [1.1–6.2]; P=0.0281) confirmed by negative urine drug screening (OR=2.9 [1.1–7.8]; P=0.0307) were more numerous. ConclusionAlthough the follow-up and the perinatal prognosis of these pregnancies have improved considerably in recent years, it seems necessary to further optimize their management.

Perceptions of Registered Nurses/Midwives and Obstetricians on Having Males as Expectant Fathers Present in the Delivery Room at Public Hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago: Implications for Women and Their Partners

This study explored the perspectives of obstetricians and registered nurses/midwives on the presence of expectant fathers in the delivery room with a view to understanding the implications for the mother as well as the expectant father. A qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach to understand the nuances and challenges that affect the perceptions and attitudes of obstetricians and registered nurses/midwives on the research issue. Five focus group discussions and five key informant interviews were the data collection strategies. Data were coded openly then combined to form themes which were utilized as the framework for data analysis. Three major themes emerged in the findings which included potential benefits to the mother, potential benefits to the father and potential benefits to the relationship. Generally, obstetricians and registered nurses/midwives held positive views about their presence in the delivery suite. This was related to the perceived positive impact that he could have on the woman during the inter-natal and post-natal periods as well as the quality of the relationship. By extension, their presence could have positive long term benefits on the quality of the relationship. The presence of expectant fathers in the delivery room could have a positive impact on the delivery experience for mothers, fathers and the long term relationship. The findings could provide a framework for other studies including a prospective study on the long term implications for the presence of expectant fathers in the delivery room.

2000年代の日本における婚外子-父親との同別居,社会経済的状況とその多様性-

2000年代の日本における婚外子-父親との同別居,社会経済的状況とその多様性-

The differential influence of absent and harsh fathers on juvenile delinquency

Researchers have identified father absence as a contributor to juvenile delinquency. Consequently, politicians and community leaders are making efforts to re-engage fathers. However, it is possible that the presence of fathers is not, in itself, a substantial protective factor and, in some cases, can even be more detrimental than father absence. Employing a diverse sample of male juvenile offenders in the U.S. (ages 13–17), the present study examined the differential effects of absent fathers and harsh fathers on delinquency. Results indicated that youth in the harsh-father group engaged in more offending behaviors and used more substances than youth in the absent-father group. This difference remained even after controlling for the mother-child relationship. Implications of these findings for future research and delinquency prevention programs are discussed.

The effect of social fathers on the cognitive skills of out-of-wedlock children in the U.S

There are two competing views regarding the presence of social fathers on childrens’ cognitive ability: (1) either the social father provides more financial resources which benefit the children or (2) the mother with new partners may shift the focus away from the children. Previous research focused on older children or adolescents and ignored the self-selection problem. We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), and a sample of younger children. Using propensity score matching method (nonparametric methods), we find that children with social fathers scored around three points less in a cognitive ability test than children living only with biological mothers (assuming that self-selection is based on observables). The result remains robust when using a control-function analysis (parametric method).

Editorial: A twenty‐first century scourge: Introducing the special issue on Islamophobia

Editorial: A twenty‐first century scourge: Introducing the special issue on Islamophobia

Children with Physical Disabilities at School and Home: Physical Activity and Contextual Characteristics.

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity (PA) of children with physical disabilities (PD) in school and home settings and to simultaneously examine selected contextual characteristics in relation to PA in those settings. Children with PD (N = 35; Mean age = 15.67 ± 4.30 years; 26 boys) were systematically observed using BEACHES (Behaviors of Eating and Activity for Children’s Health: Evaluation System) at school (before school, recess, lunch break, after class) and at home (before dinner) during four normal school days. The children spent most of their time in all five settings being physically inactive, but had slightly more PA during recess and lunch break periods. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that selected contextual characteristics explained 18.9–56.0% (p < 0.01) of the variance predicting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) after controlling for demographic variables. Prompts to be active were positively associated with MVPA at school and the presence of fathers and fathers being motivators at home. This study highlights how little PA that children with PD receive and identifies the importance of the provision of prompts for PA at both school and home with this special population.

Examining the potential for racial disparity in out-of-home placement decisions: A quantitative matched-pair study

Despite some reductions in recent years, African American children in the United States continue to be disproportionately placed into out-of-home care. This paper describes a secondary analysis of data collected by Minnesota's African American Disparities Committee to identify whether factors in the casework process were contributing to Minnesota's extreme rates of disproportionality. The study, first described in a 2005 Minnesota Department of Human Services report, identified over 200 non-Hispanic, non-immigrant, white and African American child neglect cases substantiated in 2001 in four counties. Cases were then followed until case closure or for at least 18months following the time of report to detail the casework process. This analysis used recursive partitioning to more accurately identify primary factors and potential interactions related to worker decision-making. African American and white children were matched by type of neglect, gender, age group, and county using administrative data. After rigorous data cleaning, 81 matched pairs were identified from a final sample of 180 cases. The progress of the children through the system was evaluated for potential race-based differences in the decision to refer a child for ongoing placement. Number of children, age, history of maltreatment, and report source were associated with placement decisions. Logistical regression follow-ups did not identify race-based interaction effects on placement decisions. However, African American cases statistically differed from white counterparts on presence of biological father and number of children in the household, identity of the perpetrator, parental and household risk factors, and whether an informal placement was arranged by police, some of which were associated with placement. Results are informed by a more detailed, qualitative follow-up analysis in a separate article.

Birth of a New Perspective? A Call for Biopsychosocial Research on Childbirth

Childbirth is a major life event with implications for family health, but it has been understudied by psychological scientists. The biopsychosocial model, which posits that health is shaped by biological, social, psychological, and cultural processes, can describe birth. The physiology of birth involves the interplay of hormones such as cortisol and oxytocin that are known to be affected by socioemotional factors. Existing theories on pain, stress, and social support can be applied to birth. Psychologists can adapt and incorporate empirically supported treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction, into childbirth education. Although father presence at birth represents a relatively new phenomenon, research on partner support has been lacking. Birth experiences may mediate associations between prenatal stress and postpartum adjustment, suggesting a need for more integrated, longitudinal research on birth.

Mothers may shape the variations in social organization among gorillas.

When mothers continue to support their offspring beyond infancy, they can influence the fitness of those offspring, the strength of social relationships within their groups, and the life-history traits of their species. Using up to 30 years of demographic data from 58 groups of gorillas in two study sites, this study extends such findings by showing that mothers may also contribute to differences in social organization between closely related species. Female mountain gorillas remained with their sons for significantly longer than western gorillas, which may explain why male philopatry and multimale groups are more common among mountain gorillas. The presence of the putative father and other familiar males did not vary significantly between species, and we found only limited support for the socio-ecological theory that the distribution of adult males is influenced by the distribution of females. Within each gorilla species, variations in those distributions may also reflect the different stages in the typical life cycle of a group. Collectively, our results highlight the potentially far-reaching consequences of maternal support that extends beyond infancy, and they illustrate the opportunity to incorporate additional factors into phylogenetic analyses of variations in social organization, including studies of human evolution.

Mars Rising: Music Therapy and the Increasing Presence of Fathers in the NICU

Fathers of premature infants have been primarily marginalized caregivers up until the last 20 years, but change in both the societal definition and expectation of fathers as well as tremendous evolution in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and neonatal care toward integrative practice inclusive of music therapy has rendered a unique time in history. Fathers, now viewed as integral to optimal parenting and outcomes, are well matched to the unique therapeutic offering of music therapy. In this article, three music psychotherapists have provided literature review across the helping professions as well as case studies to bring the complex role of NICU fathers into much greater salience.Keywords: NICU, Fathers, Music TherapySpanishMusicoterapia y la creciente de la presencia de los Padres en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos NeonatalesResumen:Los padres de infantes prematuros han sido primeramente marginalizados como cuidadores hasta los últimos 20 años, pero el cambio en la definición de la sociedad y en las expectativas de los padres, así como también la tremenda evolución de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) y del cuidado neonatal que como práctica integrativa incluye a la musicoterapia ha alcanzado un momento único en la historia. Los padres, ahora vistos como parte integral de los resultados óptimos de crianza, se emparejan bien con la propuesta terapéutica única que brinda la musicoterapia. En este artículo, tres músico-psicoterapeutas proveen una revisión de la literatura a través de profesiones de asistencia así como estudios de casos para mostrar, con mayor predominancia, el complejo rol de los padres en UCIN.Palabras clave: UCIN, Padres, MusicoterapiaGermanMusiktherapie und die zunehmende Präsenz der Väter in der NICUAbstract: Väter frühgeborener Kinder wurden bis in die Zeit vor 20 Jahren vorwiegend als Versorger an den Rand gedrängt, aber sowohl die soziale Definition und die Erwartungen der Väter als auch die gewaltige Evolution in der neonatologischen Intensivstation (NICU) und die neonatale Versorgung in Richtung auf integrative Praxis einschließlich Musiktherapie, hat sich in einzigartiger historischer Weise geändert. Väter werden nun als integraler Bestandteil optimaler elterlicher Ergebnisse angesehen, sie werden in das einzigartige musiktherapeutische Angebot einbezogen. In diesem Artikel geben drei Musikpsychotherapeuten eine Literaturübersicht der gesamten helfenden Berufe und Fallstudien, um die größere Bedeutung der komplexen Rolle der NICU-Väter zu verdeutlichen.Keywords: NICU, Väter, MusiktherapieItalianMusicoterapia e la Crescente Presenza dei Padri nella NICU Terapia Intensiva NeonataleNegli ultimi 20 anni I Padri di neonati prematuri sono stati esclusi dall’aiuto sanitario dei propri figli, ma il cambio della definizione sociale, delle aspettative dei padri ed anche la tremenda evoluzione nell’ Unitá di Teapia Itensiva Neonatale e la cura neonatale verso una pratica integrativa della musicoterapia rappresenta un tempo unico nella storia. I padri ora sono visti come parte integrante dei risultati ottimali dell’ opera dei genitori, sono ben combinati con la terapia offerta dalla musicoterapia. In questo articolo tre psicoterapisti musicoterapeuti hanno fornito una revisione della letteratura attraverso le professioni d’aiuto ed anche studi per portare il complesso ruolo dei padri nella NICU in maggior rilievoJapaneseマルスの上昇：音楽療法とNICUにおける父親参加の増加要旨：過去20年間、音楽療法を含む包括的な臨床に向けての新生児集中治療室（NICU） と新生児ケアの大きな進化のみでなく、かつてケアギバーとして軽視されていた新生児の父親達への社会的定義と期待は変化し、歴史上類を見ない時間となった。父親は最適な子育てに不可欠と考えられ、音楽療法の独特な療法的提供とよく調和する。本論文では、3人の音楽心理療法士が、NICUにおける父親達の複雑な役割のより大きな要点を提起するために、広範囲に専門家の役に立つ事例研究と文献調査を提供している。キーワード：NICU, 父親、音楽療法

The Retrospective Roles of Black Women in the Coddling of Black Boys

ABSTRACTThis study reports the secondary analysis of a theme that emerged from a larger study on Black women’s perceptions of Black men’s depression. This emerging theme was concerning the role of Black women in rearing Black boys. Eight focus groups with Black women (N = 46) were used to further explore this theme. Our secondary analysis identified three subthemes, including the (a) presence (or absence) of fathers in parenting Black children, (b) Black women’s role in coddling Black boys, and (c) Black women’s role in “raising” Black girls. Study implications include the contextual lens that underscores parenting variations within Black families.

Multiple domains of parental secure base support during childhood and adolescence contribute to adolescents’ representations of attachment as a secure base script

ABSTRACTAlthough attachment theory claims that early attachment representations reflecting the quality of the child’s “lived experiences” are maintained across developmental transitions, evidence that has emerged over the last decade suggests that the association between early relationship quality and adolescents’ attachment representations is fairly modest in magnitude. We used aspects of parenting beyond sensitivity over childhood and adolescence and early security to predict adolescents’ scripted attachment representations. At age 18 years, 673 participants from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development completed the Attachment Script Assessment from which we derived an assessment of secure base script knowledge. Measures of secure base support from childhood through age 15 years (e.g., parental monitoring of child activity, father presence in the home) were selected as predictors and accounted for an additional 8% of the variance in secure base script knowledge scores above and beyond direct observations of sensitivity and early attachment status alone, suggesting that adolescents’ scripted attachment representations reflect multiple domains of parenting. Cognitive and demographic variables also significantly increased predicted variance in secure base script knowledge by 2% each.

Early father&amp;ndash;daughter relationship and demographic determinants of spousal marital satisfaction

This study examined several dimensions of early father–daughter relationship as predictors of marital satisfaction among 494 respondents. Descriptive comparative approach was used in result analysis. The Father Presence Questionnaire and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire were used, in addition to a number of demographic variables. Results showed that only physical relationship with the father, and perceptions of father’s influence, had a positive significant impact on wives’ marital satisfaction. Of all domains, only positive feelings about the father had a negative impact on the husband’s marital satisfaction. Most demographic variables had statistically significant effect on marital satisfaction. Sociocultural implications for marital satisfaction for wives and husbands are discussed.

Father Presence and the Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Attainment

Ariel Kalil, Magne Mogstad, Mari Rege and Mark E. Votruba

AN IMAGE OF AMERICAN MUSLIMS THROUGH UPDIKE’S TERRORIST: A STUDY OF IDENTIFICATION AND REPRESENTATION

In the aftermath of September 9/11 tragedy, an image of Muslim dramatically becomes popular topic and object for the researchers. Although analyses for the most part tend to explain the image of Muslim in negative and stereotypical tendency, the wave of action that expresses positive image of Muslim has surfaced in American society. In that case, this thesis using a novel to see that social phenomena attempted to reveal that an image of American Muslims as represented by Ahmad Ashmawy Mulloy in Updike’s Terrorist contributed to endorse an image of Muslim neither as extremist nor as terrorist. To achieve its purpose, firstly this study employs theory of imaginary and symbolic identification from Jacques Lacan. This theory is used to explain the impact of fatherless background, the presence of surrogate father and the influence of another figure on Ahmad. Secondly focusing on an image of American Muslims, theory of representation from Hall is applied. His theory is as a bridge that Muslim can be constructed and represented in the novel. Furthermore, opinions about extremist and moderate Muslim are used to explain those images through characteristics such as thought, action and orientation. The result of the study reveals that the process of identification divides people whom Ahmad had interaction into category of Muslim and non-Muslim group. Muslim group teaches Islamic identity to Ahmad and non-Muslim group plays big role to influence Ahmad to integrate himself into American society. Due to those groups, an identity and image of Ahmad is always related to the other. Focusing on Ahmad’s representation as American Muslim, he shows that there are three images such as extremist, transitional and moderate. As a result, through depicting Ahmad as moderate Muslim, Muslim is not terrorist.Keywords: American Muslim, identification, representation, extremist Muslim, moderate Muslim