Preferences Of Fathers Research Articles

Influences on Fathers’ Information- and Support-Seeking for Parenting

The study aimed to document the preferences of fathers in accessing and using parenting supports and to investigate the influence of a range of family contextual factors including paternal mental health, child disability, the co-parenting relationship and parenting sense of efficacy on fathers’ help-seeking. Participants included a representative sample of 1,044 fathers of zero- to 18-year-olds. Results suggest that most fathers feel supported in their parenting role and rely on their own efforts (e.g. online searches) for information to support their parenting in preference to in-person interactions with professionals or attendance at groups. The co-parenting relationship and paternal mental health were also identified as important factors impacting on paternal help-seeking behaviours. These results from one of the largest surveys of fathers of its kind provide credible insights into the parenting help-seeking experiences and support needs of fathers, with clear implications for policy makers and service providers.

Objects of Empathy

Objects of Empathy

Factors Associated with Time Spent Performing Housework/Childcare by Fathers of Children Aged Under 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with time spent performing housework/childcare by fathers of children under 12 years of age (preschool and elementary school children) in Japan.Methods: An online survey of employees and employers was conducted in 2017. Of the 7,796 total responses to the survey, those of 621 fathers of children aged 0–12 years were analyzed. Participants were divided into two groups: fathers of children aged 0–6 years, and fathers of children aged 7–12 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on the items for which there was a significant intergroup difference, setting time spent performing housework as the dependent variable and the survey items as the independent variables.Results: For fathers of children aged 0–6 years, working 40 hours or less per week and commuting for one hour or less were associated with more time spent performing housework/childcare. For fathers of children aged 7–12 years, working less than 40 hours a week, working from home more than once a week, and having spouses with full-time jobs were associated with more time spent performing housework/childcare.Conclusion: This study revealed the factors associated with the time spent by fathers of children under 12 in performing housework/childcare. As several of these factors cannot be altered by the fathers’ efforts alone, companies and society in general must endeavor to improve work styles to better suit the habits and preferences of fathers. This will promote work–life balance and create better family relationships.

Engagement of Fathers in Parent Group Interventions for Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Qualitative Study.

We aimed to explore the engagement of fathers in a community-based group intervention (Juntos) for children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and their caregivers in Brazil. Six Juntos groups were facilitated from August 2017 to May 2018. We conducted a qualitative study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention for fathers of children with CZS. Methods included participant observation, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews of fathers with a child enrolled in the program. Data collected were transcribed, coded and thematically analyzed to explore father preference for, and beliefs about the intervention and to assess potential barriers and enablers to their involvement. Forty-nine families (61 participants) enrolled, of whom 20% (12/61) were fathers. Seven (58%) fathers attended more than 7 out of 10 sessions. The content of Juntos was found to be acceptable to those fathers who attended. Participation in the group offered fathers the opportunity to share experiences of caring for their child and demonstrate their importance as care agents. Work commitments, and the view of mothers as primary caregivers were barriers to engagement of fathers. Facilitators to engagement included a presentation of clear objectives for fathers’ involvement and the opportunity to learn a practical skill related to caring for their child. A better understanding of the perspectives of fathers is crucial to help increase their involvement in parenting interventions.

Study protocol: evaluation of an online, father-inclusive, universal parenting intervention to reduce child externalising behaviours and improve parenting practices

BackgroundParenting interventions that focus on enhancing the quality and consistency of parenting are effective for preventing and reducing externalising problems in children. There has been a recent shift towards online delivery of parenting interventions in order to increase their reach and impact on the population prevalence of child externalising problems. Parenting interventions have low rates of father participation yet research suggests that father involvement may be critical to the success of the intervention. Despite this, no online parenting interventions have been specifically developed to meet the needs and preferences of fathers, as well as mothers. This paper describes the protocol of a study examining the effectiveness of an online, father-inclusive parenting intervention called ‘ParentWorks’, which will be delivered as a universal intervention to Australian families.Methods/designA single group clinical trial will be conducted to examine the effectiveness of ParentWorks for reducing child externalising problems and improving parenting, as well as to explore the impact of father engagement (in two-parent families) on child outcomes. Australian parents/caregivers with a child aged 2–16 years will be recruited. Participants will provide informed consent, complete pre-intervention measures and will then complete the intervention, which consists of five compulsory video modules and three optional modules. The primary outcomes for this study are changes in child externalising behaviour, positive and dysfunctional parenting practices and parental conflict, and the secondary outcome is changes in parental mental health. Demographic information, satisfaction with the intervention, and measures of parental engagement will also be collected. Questionnaire data will be collected at pre-intervention, post-intervention and three-month follow-up, as well as throughout the program.DiscussionThis paper describes the study protocol of a single group clinical trial of a national, online, father-inclusive parenting intervention. The results from this study could be used to inform public policy about providing support to parents of children with behaviour problems, and enhancing the engagement of fathers in parenting interventions.Trial registrationACTRN12616001223426, registered 05/09/2016

Impact of a Father's Mixed-Sex and Son Preference on Physical Domestic Violence: A Natural Experiment from India

Sex preference and domestic violence are both rich literature, but there is no stream of prior studies linking the two. This paper addresses this gap by investigating whether a father's preference regarding the sex of children affects the probability of the mother experiencing domestic violence. Using the random nature of the gender of newborn children, this study quantifies the causal impact of having a third same-sex child on the probability that the mother will experience domestic violence. The empirical results suggest that among women who already have given birth to two girls, giving birth to a third girl increases the probability of domestic violence compared to giving birth to a son. After controlling for factors related to sex-selective abortion, domestic violence indicators for households with three consecutive female births increase by 0.147, which is a 13.4% increase from the average score. For households with two boys, having a third boy (compared to a third girl) also increases the domestic violence. The sub-sample analysis shows that the increase in domestic violence due to girl births are especially large for households with a husband who has a son-preference. This finding emphasizes the social burden of gender inequality and contributes knowledge regarding another cause of domestic violence.

Educational Needs and Technological Preferences of Fathers of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to identify the educational needs and technological preferences of fathers of youth aged 6 to 17 years with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Participants completed 2 surveys and 1 in-person semistructured interview. Survey data were collected via Qualtrics; interviews were recorded and transcribed. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 22. Thirty fathers/stepfathers of youth 6 to 17 years old with T1DM participated in the study. Participants reported high levels of unmet diabetes-related educational needs, including needs in fundamental areas of diabetes management such as treatment of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and calculating and adjusting insulin doses. A majority of participants identified educational needs in more nuanced aspects of diabetes management, indicating a need for more information about insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors, managing diabetes at school, and finding help for diabetes challenges. All participants used smartphone technology, and most expressed interest in receiving diabetes education via mobile technology. The findings contribute to our understanding of the educational needs of fathers of children with T1DM and provide preliminary support for the acceptability of delivering diabetes education via mobile technology. The incorporation of patient and caregiver perspectives into the development of mHealth diabetes education applications may increase engagement and improve health outcomes.

Erratum to: Using Father Preference Data to Increase Father Engagement in Evidence-Based Parenting Programs

Erratum to: Using Father Preference Data to Increase Father Engagement in Evidence-Based Parenting Programs

Working time arrangements and family time of fathers: How work organization(s) shape fathers’ opportunities to engage in childcare

mrev management revue , Seite 227 - 252

“We're not much use, but good for logistics”: an exploratory study of parenting leaves in Ireland

This paper examines family leaves in Ireland, particularly for fathers, in the context of changing parenting roles and the increased involvement of fathers in the care of their child(ren). Drawing upon the results of a survey that captured the views of 637 parents and focus group discussions with parents, it highlights parental experiences of parental, paternity and maternity leave. Policy changes are explored to assess the preferences of fathers and mothers in terms of payment, duration and transferability of leaves between parents. In tandem with women's increased access to employment, the study examines evidence of men's desire for greater equality in family roles. The question posed is whether a policy response is needed in relation to fathers' rights to family leave and, if so, on what terms?

Using Father Preference Data to Increase Father Engagement in Evidence-Based Parenting Programs

Survey (n = 161) and focus group (n = 15) methods were used to collect data from a community sample of New Zealand fathers about their knowledge and experience with parenting programs, and their preferences for program content, features, and delivery methods. The prevalence of perceived child behavioral and emotional difficulties, parenting risk and protective factors, fathers’ parenting confidence, and the family and personal correlates of father preferences were also examined. Survey results showed that fathers’ knowledge and experience of available parenting programs was low. The topics rated most highly by fathers to include in a program were building a positive parent–child relationship, increasing children’s confidence and social skills, and the importance of fathers to children’s development. Fathers’ most preferred program delivery methods were father only group programs, individually-tailored programs, and a range of low intensity options, including seminar, television series, and web-based. Program features most likely to influence father attendance were demonstrated program effectiveness, location of sessions, practitioner training, and that content addressed personally relevant issues. Fathers’ level of education, stress and depression, and perceptions of child behaviour difficulty were linked to program content and delivery preferences. New insights were gained from focus group participants about messages to include in program advertisements and program content to emphasise in order to engage fathers. Findings highlight a variety of program and delivery options that could be offered to meet a range of father parenting support needs, including concerns about coping with specific child behaviours and emotions, and managing personal and parenting stress.

Reinforcing properties of pups versus cocaine for fathers and associated central expression of Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase in mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus)

The reciprocal interaction of pups and cocaine on reward effects in rodent mothers is known. However, it remains unclear whether such effects are apparent in father-offspring bonding. The mandarin vole (Microtus mandarinus) is a monogamous rodent with a high level of paternal care. We investigated the reinforcing properties of pups on vole fathers using a conditioned place preference paradigm across the postpartum period and looked for interactions and differences between the reinforcing effects of pups and cocaine. We also measured neuronal Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression underlying the preferences of fathers for pups or cocaine. Our data showed that fathers developed strong preferences for pups at various times (postnatal day 5–9, 13–17 and 19–23) without cocaine conditioning. Fathers showed a reduced preference for pups following simultaneous conditioning with cocaine. Although they preferred cocaine over postnatal day (PND) 5–9 pups, this preference was not detected for PND 13–17 pups. Fathers preferring cocaine exhibited an increase in Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the accumbens, medial nucleus of the amygdala, cingulate cortex, medial preoptic area and ventral tegmental area and had more TH-IR neurons in the ventral tegmental area compared to fathers preferring PND 5–9 pups. These results showed that similar to cocaine, mandarin vole pups elicit significant reward value to their fathers, but that paternal motivation is impaired by cocaine. A preference for cocaine over pups arose from the release of more dopamine and activation of a greater number of neurons within specific reward-associated neuronal subsets.

Support Intervention Needs and Preferences of Fathers Affected by Postpartum Depression

The effect of postpartum depression (PPD) on mothers has been extensively studied. But even though up to 50% of men whose partners suffer from PPD also have depressive symptoms, little is known about the impact of maternal PPD on fathers. Depressive symptoms are likely to decrease fathers' ability to provide maternal support. Children with 2 depressed parents are at significantly greater risk for poor developmental outcomes than those with 1 affected parent. The objective of this Canada-wide exploratory/descriptive study was to describe the support needs and preferences for support of fathers whose partners have had PPD. Qualitative methods and community-based research approaches were used, and one-to-one telephone interviews were conducted between 2009 and 2011 with a total of 40 fathers. Fathers desired support from both formal (professional) and informal (friends and family) sources and noted that ideal support interventions should cover a number of key topics including information on PPD and practical tips on how to cope with their partner's PPD. Fathers reported that the ideal PPD intervention program does not favor any one setup and, to reach the full spectrum of parents, the program must be multitiered, accessible, and as flexible as funding allows.

Parental Preferences for Nutrition of Boys and Girls: Evidence from Africa

This article models the determinants of pre-school age malnutrition in Africa using the Demographic Health Surveys. By examining the differences in the impact of mother's and father's education on the nutrition of boys and girls, we draw inferences from our reduced-form equations regarding the existence of non-unified preferences. In a bargaining framework, women with more schooling are able to earn more, which improves their fallback position. Thus, we test whether mother's schooling has a larger impact on daughter's than son's nutrition, and whether father's education favors son's nutrition. Using classical testing criteria, we generally find that preferences of fathers and mother differ in regard to the health of boys and girls.

Focus on Fathers: A Qualitative Study of the Nutrition Education Needs and Preferences of Fathers

A two-phase series of guided, small-group discussions (GSGDs) was held to determine the food and nutrition-related educational needs of limited-income, urban fathers. The convenience sample of GSGDs was structured according to Krueger. Phase I consisted of two GSGDs attended by 14 urban agency staff involved with fathers’ programs. Phase II consisted of four GSGDs attended by 16 limited-income, urban fathers who had children between the ages of 4 and 11. Analysis involved extensive review of the videotaped and transcribed GSGDs, a pooling and coding of responses, and development of a written display and matrix. The topics of greatest interest reported by participants were cooking, inexpensive ways to eat healthily, meal planning, healthy eating for children, and the effect and importance of food on the body. Analysis suggested that important factors for effective nutrition education with this audience include focusing on food, focusing on the basics, providing a safe and supportive environment for learning, promoting a positive message delivered in a positive fashion, ensuring that attention is given to motivators, choosing an appropriate leader, and honoring the diversity of participants.

Le complexe d'Esaü : Diderot et la fraternité

Françoise Dion : The Esau Complex : Diderot and his Brother. This article discusses Diderot's relationship with his father and his brother and draws a parallel with the Biblical story of Esau and Jacob. Like Esau, Diderot renounced his privileges as the eldest son when he refused an ecclesiastical career. However, the canon's hostility to the philosopher, justified on religious grounds, can also be seen as jealousy for their father's preference for his eldest son.

Relationship between Parent Preference and Peer Preference among Preadolescents

Summary The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether there is a differential relationship in the socialization of children with respect to gender identification when responses of children were examined with respect to race and sex (N = 596 fifth and sixth grade boys and girls). Strong father preference was found to have no effect on the choice a boy will make when choosing between male and female peers, during preadolescence, while a strong mother preference by a girl is related to the sex of the peers she chooses. Preadolescent girls who identify with their mothers chose girls with whom to interact in a variety of activities more frequently than they chose boys. A greater proportion of girls preferred to engage in activities with their mothers than boys preferred to engage in activities with their fathers. No differences were observed between racial groups in terms of girls' choices involving peers. Black boys, however, preferred to engage in activities with opposite-sex rather than same-sex peers ...

Sex-role stereotyping, the motive to avoid success, and parental identification

Fifth- and tenth-grade girls were compared with respect to three sex-role-related variables: sex-role stereotyping; the motive to avoid success; and one aspect of identification motivation — the desire to emulate the father versus the mother. These variables were seen as reflecting certain conflicts and problems associated with feminine sex-role socialization. Age-related increases in stereotyping, the incidence of fear of success, and desire to emulate the father rather than the mother were expected. The motive to avoid success was expected to be associated with low stereotyping and with rejection of the maternal model. In the results, significant increases with age were found in stereotyping and father preference. The expected correlates of the motive to avoid success were found, but in each case for only one of the two age levels. Findings were discussed in relation to difficulties associated with feminine development.

Parent Preference of Preschool Children

In individual sessions with 150 preschool children aged two through four, they were asked to choose which parent (in the next room) they wanted to participate with them in each of seven play activities. The purpose was to investigate hypotheses about parent preference in a theory of sex-role and parental identification. Boys showed a strong father preference (p <. 01). Girls showed no parent preference when age groups were combined whereas afather preference was significant (p = . 049) in two-year-old girls, and a mother preference was significant (p .024) in fbur-yearold girls, with three-year-old girls showing no significant preference.

Parent Evaluation and Social Ideology

Upon the assumption that an individual's social attitudes are determined in part by his social ideology, a series of exploratory studies was designed to throw light on the role of parent participation in ideology development. To date three studies have been completed (Crutchfield, 1958; Cooper & Blair, 1959). The first two have been reported elsewhere, and the third will be reported in detail short1y.l Thus far the approach has been phenomenological in that Ss were asked to evaluate their parents, and to estimate the degree of similarity between their own and their parents' social ideologies. High school and college student samples were used. The two principal instruments were: first, a Parent Evaluation Scale, designed to measure good and bad parent behavior and personality characteristics; second, the wellknown E-F Scale (6ough, 1951), used as a measure of social ideology. The essential hypothesis, that Ss who accord relatively high evaluations to their parents think of themselves as relatively close to their parents ideologically, was strongly supported by the results of each study. Among others, three ancillary findings appear to have long range significance for this research program. First, high school Ss who accorded their parents high evaluations were relatively high in academic achievement. Second, high school Ss who scored high on the E-F Scale tended to accord their parents low evaluations. Third, with one exception, both high school and college Ss indicated no parental sex preference. That exception was: intellectually superior high school males expressed a significant father preference. One important methodological change is planned for the next study; parents wiU be interrogated directly. In addition, certain technical improvements in the measuring instruments are planned.