Father Son Research Articles

Exploring intergenerational continuity in gang membership

Little is known regarding intergenerational continuity in gang membership. Qualitative literature is suggestive of intergenerational parallelism yet no known research examines the causal mechanisms associated with this cycle, if it even exists. Prospective, longitudinal data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS) and the Rochester Intergenerational Study (RIGS) assess intergenerational continuity in gang membership among 371 parent–child dyads in a series of logistic regressions accounting for moderating influences of parent sex, child sex, parent–child sex combinations, and level of contact. Path analyses reported herein explore whether parenting behaviors mediate the relationship between parent and child gang membership among fathers and mothers, respectively. Three key findings emerge. First, intergenerational continuity in gang membership exists between mothers and daughters and, conditional on contact, between fathers and sons. Second, maltreatment mediates some of this relationship among father–son dyads. Third, no pathways to daughter gang membership were identified among mothers. In sum, this study provides evidence of intergenerational continuity in gang membership and further highlights the importance of parent sex, child sex, and level of contact in intergenerational research. Future research should further explore the causal pathways between parent and child gang membership.

Sense of extension force and angle of the knee joint are correlated between two generations of men

ABSTRACTNumerous motor abilities depend on the activity of proprioceptors, which has been suggested to be genetically determined. To test this hypothesis, the control of torque generated by knee extensors and knee position was studied in 30 father–son pairs both before and immediately after running. After stabilisation of the participant in a sitting position, the knee joint of his dominant leg was flexed to 90°, and the maximal voluntary torque (MVT) of the dominant knee extensors under static conditions was measured. The participant then tried five times to produce 50% of the MVT. Next, the participant extended the knee to 45° five times without visual control. Significant correlations between the reproducibility of successive trials for groups of fathers and their sons were found. The correlation coefficients for the repeatability of the knee extension torque were 0.69 (confidence interval [CI] = 0.45–0.84; P < 0.01) and 0.75 (CI = 0.54–0.87; P < 0.01) before and after the fatiguing exercise, respectively, whereas the coefficient for the reproducibility of positioning the knee was 0.49 (CI = 0.16–0.72; P < 0.01) after the fatiguing exercise. Our results indicate a significant influence of hereditary factors on the control of limb torque and position.

Perceptions of Abusive Parenting Behaviors: A Preliminary Exploration Into the Underrecognition of Mother–Daughter Sexual Abuse

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the influence of the sex of the parent and the sex of the child on perceptions of sexually abusive behaviors. Vignettes illustrating different forms of sexual abuse were rated by 124 participants, with the different parent–child pairs (mother–daughter, mother–son, father–daughter, father–son) substituted into the vignettes being the only difference between groups. Two-way between subjects ANOVAs revealed that sexually abusive behaviors by mothers were perceived as less damaging to child victims (F (1, 120 = 7.56, p < .01) than the same sexually abusive behaviors committed by fathers. In addition, sexually abusive behaviors by mothers toward daughters were perceived as the least abusive (F (1, 120 = 16.30, p < .001) and the least criminal (F (1, 120 = 4.44, p < .05) as compared to the other three groups. Results suggest that perceptions of sexual abuse may be influenced by perceptions of sex and gender.

‘Of course we record it’: legacy, textual violence, and fridging in Ales Kot’s Zero

ABSTRACTAles Kot’s Image title Zero interrogates the refusal of the depiction of sexual violence, the trope of fridging as a metacritique of artistic inspiration, and the literalisation of dehumanising language as a commentary on barren cycles of masculinist violence and the narration of that violence. The function of sexual profanity that dissociates itself from reproductive or generative meaning is here reduced to referencing impotent, corporeal acts that the work consistently frames within male anxieties of conquest, virility, lineage and mortality. The latter arcs interrogate the gendered linguistic violence inherent in and essential to male narrative production. Lastly, the series conflates historical and fictional exclusion of the female, incorporating William S. Burroughs as Zero’s ‘author’ in an imaginary life palimpsest of literary and literal father–son narratives. Specifically, Burroughs’ confession to his wife’s death as vital in the development of his art is taken as Zero’s source for a metacommentary on fridging not as a hermetic and technical literary device, but rather its counterpart in reality: that is, male narrative as privileged and prioritised, normalised and historicised as rightfully reliant on the (self-)sacrificial and often violent erasure of the female. Zero consistently destabilises an originary point of epistemological and narrative, let alone chronological, authority, and gestures at an attempt to break these masculinist cycles of violence through an excursion into the simulacral.

Francisco Martínez de la Rosa’s Edipo and Antonio García Gutiérrez’s El paje : Lessons on Penning an Oedipal Drama in 1830s Spain

AbstractThis article compares two Spanish Oedipus plays, Francisco Martínez de la Rosa’s Edipo (1829) and Antonio García Gutiérrez’s El paje (1837), which had divergent popular and critical receptions when they were performed in Madrid during the 1830s. We begin with an overview of the father–son tension in Spanish Romantic drama, a tension that characterizes this particular genre, and the conclusions critics have drawn from this tension. Subsequently, we examine father–son relationships in Edipo and El paje. As we hope to demonstrate, the intergenerational struggle depicted in Edipo, though less faithful to contemporary Oedipal paradigms than in El paje, better conveys the social, political and existential anxieties that Spanish audiences experienced, and for that reason it was more successful.ResumenEste artículo compara dos dramas edípicos, Edipo de Francisco Martínez de la Rosa (1829) y El paje (1837) de Antonio García Gutiérrez, los cuales provocaron reacciones distintas por parte de los espectadores y los críticos cuando se los estrenaron en Madrid durante los años treinta. El artículo empieza con una breve reseña de el tema de la tensión entre padre e hijo que caracteriza el drama romántico español, dando además un resumen de las conclusiones que han sacado los críticos de esa tensión. Posteriormente, se examinan las relaciones entre padre e hijo que encontramos en Edipo y El paje. Finalmente, sostenemos que el conflicto intergeneracional en Edipo, aunque es menos fiel a los paradigmas edípicos contemporáneos, expresa mejor las ansiedades sociales, políticas y existenciales que experimentaban los espectadores españoles durante esa época y por eso el drama fue más exitoso.

Impact of a Father's Mixed-Sex and Son Preference on Physical Domestic Violence: A Natural Experiment from India

Sex preference and domestic violence are both rich literature, but there is no stream of prior studies linking the two. This paper addresses this gap by investigating whether a father's preference regarding the sex of children affects the probability of the mother experiencing domestic violence. Using the random nature of the gender of newborn children, this study quantifies the causal impact of having a third same-sex child on the probability that the mother will experience domestic violence. The empirical results suggest that among women who already have given birth to two girls, giving birth to a third girl increases the probability of domestic violence compared to giving birth to a son. After controlling for factors related to sex-selective abortion, domestic violence indicators for households with three consecutive female births increase by 0.147, which is a 13.4% increase from the average score. For households with two boys, having a third boy (compared to a third girl) also increases the domestic violence. The sub-sample analysis shows that the increase in domestic violence due to girl births are especially large for households with a husband who has a son-preference. This finding emphasizes the social burden of gender inequality and contributes knowledge regarding another cause of domestic violence.

Grandpa Joe &amp; Co

Grandpa Joe & Co Denis Hirson (bio) 1 Grandpa Joe had stamps on envelopes in his cupboard that I wanted,such as ones with little oranges like light bulbs dotting orange trees;he had a smile that I wanted, and words that I wanted, but I got nonesince I was my father's son. Come on, Grandpa Joe, come outof your armchair of silence in the sitting room, sunken in old airthickly silted as the bottom of a pond. Sometimes the dead appearto be less absent than the living, and you've been gone so long.Come away from the fern with its green fishing-rod branches,the cheeks of the chiffon curtain breezing in over your bald head.Don't let a single suave voice from Springbok Radio detain you,nor the sticky smell rising from sweets and wine in the sideboard.Pack in the game of patience you've been playing over and over,stack the magazines which you use for cover. Grandpa Joe, unbend.Down the passage the phone is ringing, and it's me at the far end. 2 Hlo, he would say. Two syllables punched into one, first soundI'd heard him say all day, but most often the call was not for him.He'd leave the Bakelite receiver dangling over the mauve flowersof the passage runner, then who knows where in his mind he'd go."Joe," Granny Lily would call him for lunchtime soup and stewand he'd troop into the kitchen with his mute army of solitude,then twenty minutes later troop out again, leaving behind himthe echo of clipped, galloping cutlery, a shadow where he had sat:a man who cannot inhabit his own life constantly drops the dark,saturated blot of absence along his path. Yet this in-grown manwas an electrician. Across the sorry rectangle of the backyard:the workshop he would enter, bowing among the dust moteslike a lone visitor in a rusty house of prayer, screwdriver, pliersor soldering iron in hand, getting other people's lights to shine. [End Page 14] 3 End of December, 1921. Joe could hardly have seen his first son,my newborn father; seems he baled out before his marriage crashed.Gold price rock bottom, no raise for a lowly electrician like him,Lily's family breathing down his neck, where in the world could he go?The streets of Johannesburg were heating up with summer and guns,by March there was war all along the Rand. Commandos, bandoliers,tin-can hand-grenades, trenches: white miners did not want blacksemployed in their place, undercutting their wages. Out of the blue,their bosses claimed the colour-bar was wrong. Near Fordsburgcrowds sat on timber, absorbed in the shooting. Over Ellis Parkstrafing planes flew so low you could make out the pilots' faces.Where was Joe? Did he see the bombs and the blood in the streets,think of the pogroms he'd dodged in Latvia? Five years laterhe was back, wedging himself into the heartbreak of his home. 4 The Colosseum was one of those cinemas in the middle of townwith names that beat their chests, and uniformed usherettesleading you with a little diamond light down lush invisible carpetsto a seat in the middle of the night. There was His Majesty's,The Monte Carlo, The Empire, The Twentieth Century, nothing less.The Colosseum had a crushed ruby festoon curtain that could liftover a whole live spectacle for an audience of two thousand and more;stalls, dress, and upper circles, the works. But what made it the bestwere the miles of stars winking down from what wasn't a ceiling,turrets of little castles glowing from what weren't walls but the sidesof another country. 1933: Grandpa Joe was among those who'd lightedthe whole place up, down to the last spliced wire. Elsewhere:I suppose he was always best off elsewhere, dreaming of a starlethe could go waltzing with, through that endlessly deep velvet heaven. 5 Yeoville, early 1960s. Mr. Squire outside Squire's, moustachestretching over his smile, limp...

In nomine patris: Discursive strategies and ideology in the Cosa Nostra family discourse

The article investigates how Cosa Nostra family discourse is characterized by a series of discursive strategies that give shape to specific ideological structures. By analysing a TV interview to the son of Bernardo Provenzano, boss of Cosa Nostra, it is possible to understand how the criminal values and practices are maintained and reproduced within the father–son relationship. Specifically, we show how the son justifies, legitimises or denies the criminal actions of his father. The ideology of Cosa Nostra seems to be based on the inter-generational cultural continuity of its members, on the family as main locus of adherence, reductionism of its mediatic image, amoralism as father–son relational constant and verticalism of the organisation as key framing device.

Like Father, Like Son: Analyzing Australian Football’s Unique Recruitment Process

In 1949 the Australian Football League (AFL) introduced a distinctive father–son rule, which allows its member teams to prioritize the recruitment of the sons of former players who had played in a minimum number of games with that team. This paper reveals that some teams have been able to access a statistically significant advantage via this rule, confirming and quantifying that this unique exception compromised the AFL’s reverseorder player draft. In more recent times, through complex reforms, this advantage has been significantly dissipated. Discussion presents this rule as a conundrum for managers as despite potentially compromising the draft, it provides opportunities for off-field marketing communications strategies.

“If You Rely on the River, You Can Probably Die by the River”: Stories Told about Access, Quality, and Living With Water

Connor and I shared some quality father–son time on our trip to southwestern Kansas, my childhood home. He was 14 at the time and it had been 5 years since our last visit to Sublette. Flying into D...

A land of the ‘fair go’? Intergenerational earnings elasticity in Australia

AbstractThis paper contributes to the existing literature on income mobility by developing and applying a two‐stage panel regression model and assessing the effects of using different levels of occupational (dis)aggregation and different earnings measures on the magnitude of father–son earnings elasticities in Australia. We find that the overall intergenerational earnings elasticity in Australia between 2001 and 2013 ranges from 0.11 to 0.30. Our preferred estimates lie between 0.24 and 0.28. Elasticity estimates vary depending on the level of occupational (dis)aggregation and earnings measure used: they are highest when two‐digit level occupations and hourly earnings are used, and lowest when four‐digit level occupations and annual earnings are used. We read these findings as indicating that elasticity estimates are sensitive to the use of different data and methods, and researchers should be careful when undertaking cross‐study, cross‐temporal or cross‐national comparisons.

Relational Fathering

In relational fathering, where relationship is central to parenting practice, fathers of sons grow and develop. The father–son connection provides a liberatory context for relational development in the fathers. By co-identifying with their sons, fathers begin to re-envision their sense of self, redefining a new way of being where masculinity is conceived of as caring and manhood as relational. The co-identification process, or the Myson/Myself dynamic, stirs the cauldron of transformation, fueled by the son’s unconditional love and acceptance. Using Relational-Cultural Theory as a theoretical model for interpretation, this article outlines a father’s growth and process of development in a growth-fostering relationship with his son.

The Evolution of Social Mobility: Norway during the Twentieth Century

AbstractWe document trends in social mobility in Norway using intergenerational income elasticities, the associations between the income percentiles of fathers and sons, and brother correlations. The results of all approaches suggest that social mobility increased substantially between cohorts born in the early 1930s and the early 1940s. Father–son associations remained stable for cohorts born after World War II, while brother correlations continued to decline. The relationship between father and son income percentile ranks is highly non‐linear for early cohorts, but it approaches linearity over time. We discuss increasing educational attainment among low‐ and middle‐income families as a possible mechanism underlying these trends.

Intergenerational Mobility in Norway, 1865–2011

AbstractThere are large differences in intergenerational mobility between countries. Little is known, however, about how persistent such differences are, and how they evolve over time. This paper constructs a data set of 835,537 linked father–son pairs from census records and documents a substantial increase in intergenerational occupational mobility in Norway between 1865 and 2011. The increase is most pronounced in non‐farm occupations. The findings show that long‐run mobility developments previously described for the US and UK are not necessarily representative for other countries, and that high mobility in a given country today need not reflect high mobility before industrialization.

The Ghostwriter Writes No More

This narrative articulates the advantages of long-term autoethnographic logotherapy. I explore how the practice of long-term autoethnographic logotherapy led me to the point where I was prepared for my father’s death, and how that allowed me to let him go before he actually died. I propose that long-term personal narrative and autoethnographic writing are not merely a form of therapy and healing. Rather, it is a practice aligned with existential psychologist Victor Frankl’s conception of logotherapy, literally “healing through meaning.” Using vignettes, I interrogate canonical narratives about father–son relationships, especially focusing on troubled relationships, and examine standard notions of bereavement.

Media memories on the move: exploring an autoethnographic heritage of automobility and travel

ABSTRACTJourneys by car in long-ago childhoods may resonate more powerfully as time transforms them from vivid memories into a personal heritage of tourism automobility. Such experiences can also be frequently mediated by exposure to and engagement with toys, books and television shows depicting multiple travel and tourism mobilities. Advertising images in print media as well as automotive brochures and monographs offer the promise of glamorous other lives filled with the latest cars in distant international settings of privilege and elegance. This discussion utilises autoethnography to map an inspirational father–son relationship, interrogate media impacts that have influenced and shaped a lifelong automotive obsession, and explore locations that became targeted (tourist) destinations in a pre-teen, pre-international travel imagination. Needless to say, this personal heritage of automobility and travel still has a ticket to ride.

Mixed bi-subject kinship verification via multi-view multi-task learning

Bi-subject kinship verification addresses the problem of verifying whether there exists some kind of kin relationship (i.e., father–son, father-daughter, mother–son and mother–daughter) between a pair of parent–child subjects based purely on their visual appearance. The task is challenging due to the involvement of two different subjects possibly with different genders and ages. In addition, collecting sufficient training samples for each type of kinship is difficult. In this work, we present a novel method to address these issues by considering each type of kin relation verification as one task and learning them at one time in the framework of multi-task learning, by sharing feature sets and useful structures among the tasks.Particularly our contributions are three folds: first, we introduce a new type of learning problem, called mixed bi-subject kinship verification, to the topic of bi-subject kinship verification: instead of simply verifying whether some fixed kinship relationship (e.g., mother–son) can be established for a given pair of parent–child images, we try to figure out whether any type of the four kinship relations can be established according to the visual features of the image pair, with no need to know the genders of the subjects to be verified beforehand. Second, we propose a novel multi-task learning method to address this problem with two transformation matrices – one is shared amongst all the tasks and the other is unique to each task. Both matrices are simultaneously learned in a joint framework, which enables our algorithm to utilize the common knowledge of the four tasks. Third, we propose a multi-view multi-task learning(MMTL) method to perform multiple feature fusion to improve the mixed bi-subject kinship verification performance. Extensive experiments on the large scale KinFaceW kinship database demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Song of Dewey Beard: Last Survivor of the Little Bighorn. By Philip Burnham

Song of Dewey Beard: Last Survivor of the Little Bighorn . By Philip Burnham. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2014. xvii + 248 pp. Illustrations, maps, chart, notes, bibliography, index. $26.95, CAN$33.95, £17.99.) Dewey Beard was the last living Lakota warrior to participate in the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Born when Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States, he died in his nineties during Dwight Eisenhower’s administration. A nephew of Crazy Horse, he lived an event-filled life. He killed a soldier at Little Bighorn, then fled to Canada with Sitting Bull. Later, he lost his father, mother, two brothers, wife, and young son at the Wounded Knee Massacre, where he was wounded … Paul.beck{at}wlc.edu

A PALEOGENETIC STUDY OF PAZYRYK PEOPLE BURIED AT AK-ALAKHA-1, THE ALTAI MOUNTAINS*

The study outlines the results of a molecular-genetic analysis of two males from a Pazyryk burial at Ak-Alakha-1, Ukok Plateau, the Altai Mountains, relating to mitochondrial DNA, the polymorphic part of the amelogenin gene, autosomal STR-loci, and STR-loci of the Y-chromosome. Major lineages of both mtDNA and the Y-chromosome are identical, indicating kinship. However, more detailed results exclude first-degree (father–son) kinship in favor of a more distant relationship. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic implications of the findings are discussed. The study demonstrates the capacities of modern paleogenetic methods and the urgent necessity of including them in archaeological reconstructions.

Father–Son Communication

Compared with their White counterparts, preadolescent and adolescent males of color are disproportionately exposed to violence from multiple sources, including law enforcement, neighborhood community violence, and racially motivated attacks. Existing preventive and intervention strategies have primarily focused on the policing and/or reformation of individual youth. Alternatively, this article draws on both social-ecological and risk and resilience frameworks to argue for the mobilization of fathers, social fathers, and their sons of color, in a communication intervention strategy that enhances father–son communication about successful navigation of diverse neighborhood contexts post-Ferguson. Such an intervention may improve individuals’ outcomes and neighborhood collective efficacy by strengthening fathers’ and sons’ engagement in their roles in families, neighborhoods, and communities.