Educational Status Of Father Research Articles

Factors and consequences of early marriage among women in Jumla

Background: In Nepal, child marriage is seen as a significant obstacle to the country's social and economic growth as well as a significant threat to the health of women. Despite a steady decline in this harmful practice over the past decade, child marriage remains widespread, with approximately one in five girls married in childhood across the globe. The objective of the study was to find out the factors and consequences of early marriage among women in Jumla. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Jumla District where 280 married reproductive age group women were taken as subjects. Simple random sampling technique was used. Data was collected by using semi-structured interview schedule. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Study findings showed that majority (77.9%) of the respondents got early marriage. Early marriage was statistically association with educational status at the time of marriage (p=0.000), occupational status (p=0.000), type of marriage ((p=0.014), educational status of father (p=0.009), occupational status of father (p=0.016), parental income (p=0.000), decision making (p=0.003), husband´s education and occupation (p=0.000). Inadequate education (70.7%) and economic resources (83.9%), customs (66.8%) and unemployment (63.2%) are the main reasons of early marriage. Likewise, increasing responsibility (80.7%), lower abdominal pain (67.5%), uterine prolapse (65.4%), early pregnancy (71.1%), unplanned pregnancy (58.9%) and prolonged labor (51.8%) are the main consequences of early marriage. Therefore, it is concluded that more than three fourth of the respondents were married early which lead to many consequences. Conclusion: The study concluded that more than three fourth of the respondents got early marriage. Early marriage had significant association with educational status at the time of marriage, occupational status, type of marriage, occupational status of father, parental income, decision making at time of marriage, husband´s education and occupation. Inadequate education and economic resources, customs and unemployment are the main reasons of early marriage. Likewise, early pregnancy, unplanned pregnancy, prolonged labor, lower abdominal pain, uterine prolapse, and increasing responsibility are the main consequences of early marriage. Hence, the efforts have to be made to prevent the early marriage through awareness and various educational programs.

Service Quality Perceived by Athletes: The Case of Local Government Youth Centre

Meeting the needs in social life is given to local governments by the state. Local governments are responsible for meeting the social needs of individuals. Today, youth center areas are built by local governments to meet the social needs of young people and to create social areas. These are areas opened by local governments to protect the mental and physical health of all young people, to provide socio -cultural support, to contribute to the education of young people in line with their interests and to develop their skills. Athletes mostly use these areas for their physical development. These explanations and expressions, in our research, athletes local administrations youth in the centers perceived service of the quality examination is intended. In our research, we used a 10-question personal information forum (Gender, Educational Status, Branch, Monthly Income Status, Age, Your Mother's Educational Status, Your Father's Educational Status, Your Mother's Profession, Your Father's Profession) created by the researchers. The "Perceived Service Quality Scale in Youth Centers" , whose validity and reliability study was conducted by Polat et al. (2013), consisting of 23 items and a 5-point Likert type consisting of three sub-dimensions ( Physical Environment Quality , Interaction Quality, Output Quality ) , was used. The sample of the research consists of 349 (n=145 Female, n=204 Male) volunteer athletes who are actively involved in three different sports branches (n=177 Athletics, n=116 Table Tennis, n=116 Cycling). The data of the research, which was designed as an analytical cross-sectional type, was collected face to face after receiving approval from the Siirt University Social Sciences and Humanities Research Ethics Committee. The data obtained in the research were evaluated in the SPSS 25.0 package program. As a result of the normality analysis of the scale, it was seen that the significance values were greater than 0.05 and it was decided to use non-parametric analyzes in the analysis. In our research, Kruskal Wallis H Test and Man Witney U Test were applied. In the statistical analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in the variables of gender, education level, monthly income level, your mother's education level, your father's education level and the sub-dimensions of the perceived service quality scale in youth centers and the scale general scores. It was observed that there was no statistical difference in the sub-dimensions of the scale of perceived service quality in youth centers and the overall scores of the scale with the variables of profession, your father's profession. As a results;In line with the findings obtained in our research, athletes local administrations youth in the centers perceived service of the quality mom and father education status , gender , education status , monthly income status with statistical aspect difference it shows detection has been made .

Determinants of stunting among under-five children: Evidence from Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey 2021-2022.

Epidemiological and nutritional modifications are causing an increase in stunting in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), which will eventually result in juvenile diseases and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the influential factors contributing to stunting among under-five children in Cambodia. A secondary dataset consisting of 3268 under-five children was extracted from the latest Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS)-2021/2022 dataset. The Chi-square test and Boruta algorithm were used for covariate selection, and logistic regression approaches were used to determine the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and other factors on the presence of stunting. Findings revealed that about 21% of under-five children were stunted, and the prevalence of stunting was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The prevalence of child stunting was lower in families with highly educated parents. A child whose father had a secondary education had 0.71 times lower (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.520-0.969) chance of stunting than a child whose father had no education. Findings revealed that Ratnak Kiri, Mondul Kiri, Stung Treng, Pursat and Kampot had a greater prevalence of stunting than other places, ranging from 27.11% to 35.70%, whereas Banteay Meanchey, Phnom Penh and Kandal had the lowest rates, ranging from 12.80% to 16.00%. Results of the Boruta algorithm and logistic regression suggested that under-five stunting is significantly influenced by factors such as the child's age, size at birth, mother's age at first birth, mother's body mass index (BMI), father's educational status, cooking fuel, and wealth index. It is necessary to take initiatives for reducing the prevalence of stunted children prioritising the identified factors that ultimately help to reduce the burden of child health. The authors believed that the findings of this study will be helpful for policymakers in designing the appropriate policies and actions to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by reducing stunting among under-five children in Cambodia.

Barriers, Facilitators of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation, and Deworming Program among School-Going Adolescents of Deoghar, Jharkhand, India: A Mixed-Methods Study.

This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of iron and folic acid supplementation and deworming programs among school-going adolescents. A mixed-method observational study was conducted among adolescents in the 8th to 10th standards and their teachers across four schools in Deoghar, Jharkhand, India, using simple random sampling. The study included a questionnaire on socio-demographics, knowledge (34 items) (α=0.894), attitudes (2 items) (α=0.711) toward iron deficiency anemia, awareness of the Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) program and deworming (20 items) (α=0.783), and practices related to iron folic acid supplementation (IFS) and deworming, along with qualitative components. Data were analyzed using jamovi. Compliance rates for IFS and deworming were 27.5% and 67.9%, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that sex, religion, caste, father's educational status, per capita monthly family income (PCMI), diet type, adequate knowledge, and positive attitude toward anemia influenced IFS compliance. Religion, PCMI, and prior information on the importance of deworming facilitate compliance. Implementation barriers included irregular medication supply and a lack of student awareness. Periodic evaluation, regular sensitization, and a consistent drug supply are necessary to effectively implement WIFS and deworming programs in the study area.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING IN NGALANG GUNUNGKIDUL

Stunting is one of the nutritional status cases experienced by most toddlers worldwide. WHO 2020 revealed that Indonesia is the second country in Asia with the highest prevalence of 31.8% of stunting problems in toddlers. Several factors cause toddlers to experience stunting, including indirect factors, namely socioeconomic status. The socioeconomic status of the residents of Ngalang on the incidence of stunting toddlers aged 12-60 months was found to be 40 toddlers short and 6 toddlers very short. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence of stunting in Ngalang Gunungkidul. This type of quantitative research uses a cross-sectional design. Population 85 parents of toddlers 12-60 months with stunting conditions. The sample was obtained using the Solvin method: 46 parents of stunted toddlers who met the inclusion criteria. After the Spearmen rho test was obtained, many members in the family p=0.019; of many children of the family, p=0.010, the father's educational status is p=0.058, the mother's educational status is p=0.025, and the monthly income in the family p=0.023. There is Stunting is a prevalent nutritional issue among toddlers globally. The results showed a significant relationship between family size, number of children, mother's educational status, family income, and stunting in toddlers. However, no significant relationship was found between the father's educational status and stunting, suggesting the need for further research on the father's role. Preventative measures include participating in premarital classes and prioritizing a child's growth and development through proper nutrition, parenting, healthcare, and environmental sanitation.

Covid-19 Sürecinde Ergenlik Dönemindeki Bireylerin Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek Düzeyi ve Mutluluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada Covid-19 sürecinde ergenlik dönemindeki bireylerin algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyi ve mutluluk düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tarama modelinde betimsel olan bu araştırmada veri toplama araçlarından “Ergen Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu (EMÖ)” ve “Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği-R(ASDÖ-R)” kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Gaziantep ilinin merkez ilçelerindeki farklı lise türlerinde eğitim gören 1184 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için “t-testi”, “tek yönlü Varyans Analizi” ve “çoklu regresyon” analizleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; Covıd-19 sürecinde ergenlik dönemindeki bireylerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ve mutluluk düzeylerinde; cinsiyet, okul türü, sınıf düzeyi, anne-baba ilişki durumu, sosyal güvence durumu, anne-baba genel tutumu, yaşamını geçirdiği yerleşim yeri, anne öğrenim durumu ve baba öğrenim durumu değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak; cinsiyete göre aileden ASD (Algılanan Sosyal Destek), okul türüne göre öğretmen ve arkadaştan ASD, ebeveyn ilişki durumuna göre arkadaştan ASD, yerleşim yerine göre aileden ve öğretmenden ASD, baba öğrenim durumuna göre öğretmen ve aileden ASD ile anne öğrenim durumuna göre algılanan sosyal desteğin hiçbir boyutunda anlamlı bir farklılaşma bulunmamıştır. Ergenlerin mutluluk düzeyinin %17’sinin algılanan sosyal destekle açıklandığı bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları tartışma ve sonuç bölümünde açıklanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili literatür verileri ışığında tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Health Seeking Behavior and Self-Medication Practice among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Selected Private Medical College in Bangladesh

There is a need to have a formal health program for the medical students, set guidelines for students to follow if they fall ill and provision of rational medication. Students need to be made aware of the dangers of self-treatment and investigation. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate medical students of US Bangla Medical College (USBMC), Narayangonj from July to December 2022. The study aims to assess the health seeking behavior and self-medication among the students. Data were collected by interviewing students using a pre-designed questionnaire and twenty Likert items were prepared for data collection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 25. Total 293 students were interviewed, among them male - female ratio was 1.23:1 and the age range of the participants was 17 to 28 years. Most of the (70%) students were belonged to upper-middle class family; where 21% from upper class, 8% from lower middle class, and only 1% from the working class family. Regarding the father's educational status of the students more than two-third (69%) of their fathers completed university degree, 29% completed higher secondary or secondary level of education and few (2%) had informal education. Most of the students (81%) used to take medicine without prescription/ self medication. Among the students around one-fourth of them used to take both paracetamol (26%) and painkiller (24%) as self-medication; where 13% of the students used to take antibiotic. Regarding the opinion of the well established definition of ‘Health’ that is “Health includes physical, mental and social well-being and not just absence of disease/ infirmity” most of the students (90%) gave positive statement (agree 58% and strongly agree 32%); where 5% of them were neutral and rest 5% were disagreed. Nearly two-third (65%) of the students expressed their opinion positively (agree 49% and strongly agree 16%) on “seek help immediately when they develop some physical symptoms” that is they seek immediate help for their illness; where 14% of them were neutral and rest 21% were disagreed. More than one-third (35%) of the students stated the reason for self-medication related to their too busy schedule to visit physician and 21% stated that the illness was too minor for consultation; other reasons were knowledge about the drug and illness, follow old prescription, over the counter drugs etc. Almost one-third (30%) of the students opined positively that public health care facilities provide standard health care, but more than one-third (36%) did not comment and rest one-third (34%) differed on it. Remarkably used self-medicated drugs were paracetamol (26%), painkiller (24%), 13% and others NSAIDs/ Analgesics, Antacid/ PPI, Vitamins, antitussive, antihistamines. The statistical test revealed that there is a strong relationship of their opinion on attention to mental physical well-being for healthy lively-hood between coping ability, seek the best care from college hospital and seek help for sensitive matters other than own college hospital (at 5% level of significance). To ensure better health seeking behavior and good practice knowledge of medical students was not absolutely satisfactory. Awareness regarding demerits of self-medication like antibiotics resistance and side effect of drugs would be build among the students. This study would facilitate for increase of medical knowledge and promotion of higher health-seeking behavior. Bangladesh Med J. 2022 Sept; 51(3): 37-42

Determination of knowledge, attitude and practice of voluntary counseling testing on HIV among youths from Tepi Town, Ethiopia.

Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an integral component of HIV prevention and care strategies worldwide. VCT is considered as an effective strategy in risk reduction among sexually active youth. There is a high burden of HIV in Ethiopia despite a considerable scale up of comprehensive HIV interventions. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of VCT uptake towards HIV among youth of rural part of Tepi town, Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was carried out from May to August 2020. Total numbers of 127 youths in the age group of 15-24 years were recruited in a self-administered questionnaire with 100% response rate. Descriptive analysis was referred to describe the data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to measure the effect of different variables by computing odds ratio. Multivariable analyses were utilized to determine the relative effect of explanatory variables. The study showed that out of 127 total youth respondents, 111 (87.4%) of the respondents have good knowledge and 99 (78%) had a positive attitude towards VCT. Whereas, 86 (67.7%) of the respondents are aware of practicing VCT on HIV in the past. The findings revel that gender and father's educational status were among the socio-demographic variables that showed statistically significant association with one or more variables affecting youths' knowledge towards VCT uptake. As such, perceived risk of HIV infection, educational level, gender and marital status were statistically responsible for VCT uptake.

Researching the future expectations of sports sciences students

Background and Study Aim. As the field of sports science continues to evolve rapidly, understanding students' aspirations is crucial for adapting educational programs accordingly. Furthermore, gaining insights into their future expectations can aid in addressing emerging trends and demands within the sports industry. The aim of the research is to examine how the future expectations of sports science students change at the end of their education life. Material and Methods. The study focused on sports science students in Turkey, with a sample size of 130 students selected randomly. These students willingly participated in the research, and their pre-test and post-test scores were compared using a standardized scale to evaluate changes in their perceptions and expectations. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program. To examine potential differences among variables within the research group, the Man Whitney U test was utilized for dependent groups, while the Kruskal Wallis H test was applied to assess multiple differences between groups. A significance level of p<0.05 was established. Results. The research revealed a significant difference in the pre-test results solely based on the educational status of the sports science students' mothers and fathers. Moreover, notable variations were observed in the average differences between pre-test and post-test scores concerning the students' departments and age. However, no significant differences were found in the future expectations of sports science students when considering gender, age, department, and income status variables. Notably, there was a significant difference favoring undergraduate students in terms of their mother's and father's education status variables. Furthermore, the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test demonstrated a significant difference between the age groups of 17-18 and those aged 21 and above. Additionally, significant differences were observed between students in the "Sports Management" department and those in the "Coaching" department, favoring the latter. Conclusions. The study emphasizes that gender, age, department, and income status did not significantly impact the future expectations of sports science students. However, it is crucial to address the educational needs of undergraduate students and the variations in scores among different age groups and departments to better cater to their career aspirations and development..

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Under One Year of Age

Objective: To determine the association of Iron Deficiency Anemia with demographic factors in children under one year of age.
 Study design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Medical Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jan to Oct 2020.
 Methodology: All children of less than one year of age, of either gender who attended Out Patient Department with the complaint of acute illness like upper respiratory tract infections were consecutively enrolled. The detailed analysis for haematological parameters, means corpuscular volume <70 fl, serum ferritin <30 mcg/L, and transferrin saturation <16% were performed.
 Results: Of three hundred and fifty-four children, the frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia was found to be in 200(56.5%). The frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in children more than 8 months of age was higher (70.6%) in comparison to children less than 8 months of age (29.4%). Multiple variables were found to significantly contribute to Iron Deficiency Anemia, the father's educational status, the mother's educational status and socioeconomic status. At the same time, Iron Deficiency Anemia was significantly lower among children with first or second childbirth orders and in breastfed infants.
 Conclusion: A higher proportion of Iron Deficiency Anemia was noted among children under one-year-old who complained of acute illness.

A Study to Assess the Attitude regarding Online Learning Method among B.Sc. Nursing students in selected Nursing College’s of Navi Mumbai

Aim: 1. To assess the attitude regarding online learning method among B. Sc nursing students. 2. To find out the association between attitude regarding online learning method with selected demographic variables. Material and method: The research approach and design were quantitative descriptive. The subjects were 220 students of B.sc Nursing and probability sampling method (systematic random sampling technique) was used for selection criteria. Data was collected using demographic data profile, attitude questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The overall result of present study states that it reveals that maximum 57.3% of age group belongs to 21-23 years. 84.1% of group belongs to maximum female category. 39.5% of group belongs to fourth year class is maximum. 35.9% of family monthly income was less than (10001-20000). 72.3% of students resident in urban area. Education status of father was 40.9% and mother 44.1% belongs to secondary (5th to 10th). 73.2% students are day scholar and 97.3% students are using android device. 80.5% are using mobile broadband and 37.3% are using zoom platform. It was found that attitude level regarding online learning method reveals that majority 94.5% were having neutral attitude with mean 124.43, and SD 12.66. There is no significant association between attitude level with selected demographic variables regarding online learning among nursing students.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC GRIT AND THEIR ACADEMIC SUCCESS FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

This study aims to examine the relationship between the academic achievement of primary school students and their academic grit. It also tried to determine whether the academic grit of the students affected various variables. The research is a quantitative study based on the relational screening model. The study sample consists of 400 fourth-grade students in the center of Sivas, which was determined by the proportional stratified method. Personal information form and Academic Perseverance Scale were used as data collection tools. According to the study results, a significant relationship was found between academic achievement and academic grit. This relationship was found to be significant, moderate, and positive. In addition, the study determined that academic perseverance differed significantly according to gender, father's education status, socioeconomic status, and pre-school education status. However, it was observed that academic perseverance did not differ according to the number of siblings and the mother’s educational status.

Examining the Attitudes of Turkish Students Towards Scientific Field Trips

In this research, it is aimed to examine the attitudes of Turkish students attending middle school according to various variables (gender, class level, academic achievement, daily study time, maternal education status, maternal occupation, father education status, father's profession, family income status, number of people living in households). The research is designed according to one of the quantitative research methods, the scanning pattern. The sample group of the study consists of 452 secondary school students who were educated in the central district of Kilis province in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year, aged between 10 and 13, selected using simple unelected sampling method. The data of the research were analyzed using the SPSS 23 program. The research findings reveals that middle school students have a high attitude towards scientific field trips. Student attitudes towards the learning tool and adventure direction, which are the sub-dimensions of scientific field trips, are moderate; student attitudes towards social and environmental aspects are high. It was also concluded that the attitudes of secondary school students towards scientific field trips differed importantly according to gender, academic achievement, study time, parental education level and occupation and number of households. However, it was detected that the attitudes of middle school students towards scientific field trips did not differ importantly according to class level and economic level variables.

Evaluation of Health Technician Students' Knowledge and Behaviors Regarding COVID-19 and Protective Measures

Background and Purpose: COVID-19 is an important public health problem impacting the whole world. This study aimed to evaluate health technician students' knowledge and behaviors regarding COVID-19 and protective measures. 
 Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with Dokuz Eylül University Health Services Vocational School students (n=648). Data were collected online using a descriptive data registration form that consisted of 65 questions via Google Forms. 
 Results: While the students' mean knowledge score on COVID-19 and protective measures was 15.31±3.22, the mean behavior score was 10.53±3.34. A significant difference was detected between the students' education program, gender, father's educational status, smoking, and exercise habits and total behavior score averages related to COVID-19 and protective measures (p

Oral hygiene behaviour and its determinants among preparatory school students in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to evaluate oral hygiene behaviour and its determinants among preparatory school students in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 students to evaluate their oral hygiene behaviour and determinant factors (sociodemographic attributes, oral hygiene knowledge, and attitude to oral hygiene behaviours). Linear regression was employed to identify factors associated with oral hygiene behaviour. A p-value of <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were used to declare statistical significance. A total of 407 students participated with a response rate of 96.2%. The mean age of the participants was 18 (SD ±1.3). The mean oral hygiene behaviour (OHB) score was about 7.89 ± 3.43. Only 9.2%, 21.4%, and 5.7% were brushing their teeth at least twice a day, cleaning their tongue, and flossing at least once a day respectively. Father's educational status (able to read and write (β=1.99, 95% CI: 0.62, 3.38), completed secondary school (β=1.68, 95% CI: 0.18, 3.18), and diploma and higher (β=1.75, 95% CI: 0.33, 3.18)), being from private school (β=3.25, 95%CI: 2.30, 4.19), knowledge about OHB (β=0.16, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.30), and attitude towards OHB (β=0.11, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.14) were significant factors positively associated with better oral hygiene behaviour. Oral hygiene behaviour was poor among preparatory school students in Gondar city. Father's educational status, students' oral hygiene knowledge, and attitude were found to be significant factors affecting students' oral hygiene behaviour. Thus, tailored school-based oral health communication programs are highly required to improve students' oral hygiene behaviour.

Assessment of Hygiene Behavior and Associated Factors Among School Children in Shey Bench, Southwest, Ethiopia. An Institutional Based-Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: In underdeveloped countries, such as Ethiopia, the impact of disease burden caused by inadequate, contaminated water and a lack of sanitation is a huge burden. Water and sanitation-related infections are still a high-risk habit among primary school-aged children. As a reason, the objective was to analyze hygiene behavior and associated factors among school children in Shey Bench, Southwest Ethiopia, during the 2018/19 school year. Methods: An institutional-based descriptive cross-sectional study was done in 2019 to collect data from 770 primary school students in grades 5th through 8th from January 1 to 30, 2019. Data were entered into Epi data 4.2 and then analyzed in SPSS V. 21.0. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors of hygienic behavior. Results: In this study area, 34.1 percent of school students have good hygiene behavior. Being female students (AOR=2.68), Urban residency (AOR=1.86), having poor hand-washing knowledge (AOR=0.148), lack of availability of hand-washing facility (AOR=0.541), separate toilet for male and female (AOR=2.11), no read and write father's educational status (AOR=0.314) and presence of clubs in the school (AOR=1.75) were all significantly associated with hygienic behavior Conclusion: In general, there is a poor hygiene. Urban residency, no read and write father's educational status, existence of sanitation club in schools, having separate toilets for boys and girls, having hand washing available in the facility, and having poor knowledge of hand washing were all substantially associated to hygienic behavior.

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding first aid among adolescents in selected PUC, Bangalore with a view to develop an informational booklet.

The research project under took was “A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding first aid among adolescents in selected PUC, Bangalore with a view to develop an informational booklet.” A Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted among 60 adolescences at selected colleges from selected PUC Colleges in Bangalore. Adolescence students were selected since they have tendency for strange things and risky behaviours. Adolescence were assessed for their knowledge in the first aid and an informational booklet created., the study sample was selected by non- probability convenient sampling. Objectives of the study 1) assess the level of knowledge of adolescents regarding first aid.2)find out the association between the level of knowledge of adolescents regarding first aid with their selected socio demographic variables.3)develop and administer information booklet on first aid among adolescents. 4)Tool The tool used for data collection consisted of demographic proforma and structured questionnaire, basic introduction of the study was given to the subjects. The analysis of the data was based on the objectives of the study using quantitative and inferential statistics. 5) Methodology: This study was based on non-experimental descriptive research design was selected to assess the knowledge regarding first aid among adolescents in selected PUC, Bangalore with a view to develop an informational booklet. Result: Mean, standard deviation The chi-square value of the level of knowledge of adolescents and selected socio demographic variables was significant at P≤0.05 level. It showed that, obtained chi square value for type of family, educational status of father, educational status of mother, occupational status of father and source of information regarding first aid were higher values (6.8, 16.9, 11.17, 13.58 and 16.13 respectively) when compared to the table value at P≤0.05 level of significance. Hence research hypothesis H1 is accepted. Area wise mean pre-test knowledge score of adolescents showed that, in the area of general information of first aid, adolescents had mean score of 2.91 with SD 1.09. Adolescents had mean score of 9.83 and SD 2.17 in the area of first aid on wound injury and epistaxis. It was recorded that, first aid on foreign body, dog bites and stings, adolescents had mean score of 2.16 and SD 1.84. The overall mean and SD were 14.90 and 5.10 respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the knowledge of adolescents regarding first aid were inadequate and measures have to be undertaken to improve their knowledge by self-instructional module.

A Study to assess Psychosocial Parental Stress during COVID-19 Pandemic in a selected rural community at Kottayam district

The present study was conducted in a selected rural community in Kottayam district to assess the psychosocial parental stress during Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of the study are to assess psychosocial parental stress during Covid-19 pandemic and find out the association between psychosocial parental stress and selected socio-demographic variables. Non probability convenience sampling technique was used in this study. The population of the study include 60 samples from selected rural community in Kottayam district. The samples who selected for the study are parents who do not affect COVID-19 pandemic between the age group of 40 to 60 years and who are interested to participate in research study. Tool used for data collection is perceived stress scale. A pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the study. The instrument consist of perceived stress scale provided for collecting demographic data of parents including age in year, sex, area of living, educational status of the mother, educational status of the father, occupation of mother, occupation of father, type of family, monthly income and facilities of internet in home. The hypothesis made in the study was that there will be significant association between psychosocial parental stress during Covid-19 with selected demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance. The final study revealed that out of 60% having moderate psychosocial parental stress, 31.33% having mild psychosocial parental stress 5% were having poor psychosocial parental stress, 3.33% having severe psychosocial parental stress. The association of psychosocial parental stress during Covid-19 pandemic were found to significant with age in year, sex, area of living, educational status of mother, educational status of father, occupation of father, occupation of mother, type of family, monthly income and facilities of internet in home.

An evaluation of the environmental literacy levels of nursing students in Turkey

The study was aimed to investigate the environmental literacy levels of the nursing students, including the dimensions of environmental knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and perceptions. It was a descriptive and crosssectional study, including 292 nursing students who had accepted participation in the study. Data were collected in the fall term of the 2019-2020 academic year using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Form and the Environmental Literacy Scale. According to the results, nursing students’ sub-dimension scores were 12.23±2.96 for environmental knowledge, 66.11±12.25 for environmental attitude, 41.22±6.38 for environmental behaviour, and 10.26±2.08 for environmental perception. The environmental literacy levels of nursing students are at a moderate level. The study found a statistically significant difference between class level, age, gender, father educational status, talking about environmental issues in the family, environmental education status, being involved in the environmental project, source of environmental information, membership of the environmental organizations, and the mean score of the scale (p &lt; 0.05). As a result, it is suggested to plan interventional studies with larger samples to improve the environmental literacy levels of nursing students and to make necessary regulations in the course contents.

Gençlerin E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve İnternet İçin Eleştirel Bakma Durumlarının Belirlenmesi-Determining the e-Health Literacy and Critical Thought Status for the Internet in Adolescents

This research was conducted to determine the e-health literacy of adolescents, their critical thought status for the Internet, the relationship between them, and the factors affecting them. The design of the research is descriptive and correlational. The population of the research consisted of adolescents enrolled in a total of 6 state-affiliated high schools in a city centre. It was attempted to reach the entire population without using the sampling method in the study, and a total of 1470 adolescents were reached. The mean score of the E-health Literacy Scale of the adolescents was 27.67±7.61, and the mean score of the Critical Literacy Scale for the Internet was 91.74±22.23. It was found that the e-health literacy of adolescents was affected by gender, family type, economic status, and father's educational status. It was determined that the critical literacy of adolescents for the Internet was affected by family type, economic status, and mother's educational status. Adolescents' e-health literacy and the critical literacy mean score for the Internet were found to be positively and moderately correlated. Adolescents, who are a high-risk group in terms of health protection and development, should be made aware of critically consider to e-health literacy.