Fate Of Petroleum Research Articles

Novel Application of Laboratory Instrumentation Characterizes Mass Settling Dynamics of Oil-Mineral Aggregates (OMAs) and Oil-Mineral-Microbial Interactions

AbstractIt is reasonable to assume that microbes played an important role in determining the eventual fate of oil spilled during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster, given that microbial activities in the Gulf of Mexico are significant and diverse. However, critical gaps exist in our knowledge of how microbes influence the biodegradation and accumulation of petroleum in the water column and in marine sediments of the deep ocean and the shelf. Ultimately, this limited understanding impedes the ability to forecast the fate of future oil spills, specifically the capacity of numerical models to simulate the transport and fate of petroleum under a variety of conditions and regimes.By synthesizing recent model developments and results from field- and laboratory-based microbial studies, the Consortium for Simulation of Oil-Microbial Interactions in the Ocean (CSOMIO) investigates (a) how microbial biodegradation influences accumulation of petroleum in the water column and in marine sediments and (b) how biodegradation can be influenced by environmental conditions and impact forecasts of potential future oil spills.

Object-oriented migration modelling for biological impact assessment

We present a general animal migration model based on field data and driven by stochastic movement routines. This approach avoids the inaccuracies of random or uniform animal distribution assumptions and circumvents the causal modelling of complex migratory mechanisms, such as guiding or navigation, to reproduce detailed movement patterns of individuals within a population. The general migration model, MIGMOD, exploits the object-oriented programming paradigm (OOP) to efficiently model both general migratory behaviors and those that vary across species and age/sex classes. MIGMOD couples to a model of the behavior and fate of petroleum and chemical spills, thus producing quantitative measures of potential biological impacts. This paper presents MIGMOD-generated impact assessments of ringed seal and polar bear populations for several hypothetical oil spills in the Barents sea. By varying the oil-release date and the migration speeds of the animals, different exposure data are generated. In particular, spill timing affects certain developmental classes of ringed seals more than others, and migration speed has a drastic positive effect upon the exposure incidents of polar bears. These differences indicate both (a) the sensitivity of the model to these parameters and (b) the advantages of migration modelling over simpler approaches that fail to incorporate factors such as large-scale seasonal movements, denning, foraging and other idiosyncratic behaviors of different species and age/sex classes of animals.

Malins, D. C. [Ed.] 1977. Effects of petroleum on arctic and subarctic marine environments and organisms. V. 1: Nature and fate of petroleum. V. 2: Biological effects. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, and London. V. 1: xvii + 321 p. $14.50. V. 2: xx + 500 p. $14.50. Typewriter composition.

Malins, D. C. [Ed.] 1977. Effects of petroleum on arctic and subarctic marine environments and organisms. V. 1: Nature and fate of petroleum. V. 2: Biological effects. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, and London. V. 1: xvii + 321 p. $14.50. V. 2: xx + 500 p. $14.50. Typewriter composition.

Malins, D. C. [Ed.] 1977. Effects of petroleum on arctic and subarctic marine environments and organisms. V. 1: Nature and fate of petroleum. V. 2: Biological effects. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, and London. V. 1: xvii + 321 p. $14.50. V. 2: xx + 500 p. $14.50. Typewriter composition.

Malins, D. C. [Ed.] 1977. <b>Effects of petroleum on arctic and subarctic marine environments and organisms. V. 1: Nature and fate of petroleum. V. 2: Biological effects</b>. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, and London. V. 1: xvii + 321 p. $14.50. V. 2: xx + 500 p. $14.50. Typewriter composition.

Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments and Organisms. Volume I: Nature and Fate of Petroleum.Donald C. Malins

Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological BooksEffects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments and Organisms. Volume I: Nature and Fate of Petroleum. Donald C. Malins Joel W. HedgpethJoel W. Hedgpeth Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 53, Number 3Sep., 1978 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/410727 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1978 The Stony Brook Foundation, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Sampling device for monitoring biodegradation of oil and other pollutants in aquatic environments

The fate of petroleum and related pollutants in the aquatic environment, particularly in estuaries and coastal regions, is of great importance if the environmental impact of oil spills and other such accidents arising from both natural causes and human error is to be properly assesed. A sampling device suitable for monitoring biodegradation under field conditions has been devised and constructed in our laboratory. The sampler has been successfully employed in monitoring biodegradation of petroleum in situ at a marshland site in the Chesapeake Bay.