Fatal Traffic Accidents Research Articles

Fatal road traffic accidents in Yazd province, Iran during 2011-2015

Objective: The rate of road traffic accidents in Iran per capita and for the number of vehicles is much higher than the average in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate road traffic accidents in Yazd province during 2011-2015. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytic study in which data were obtained from data collection forms related to deaths from driving accidents of forensic medicine organizations. Data were entered into SPSS version 23. We calculated the frequency, percentage, and mean indices. We used Fisher exact test for data analysis. Results: In this research, 1437 individuals were studied. The number of deaths in men was three times more than women. Most fatal accidents occurred in the age group of 20-30 years. The most common accident which occurred during these years was the collision of vehicles with each other and in terms of the final cause of death, 1045 people died due to head injuries. In this study, we showed that the incidence decreased from 29.03 in 2011 to 22.03 in 2015. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the most cases of fatal accidents occurred in the age group of 20-30 years, in people with elementary education and in the summer. Therefore, preventive action is necessary by raising awareness.

Lagging Behind – The Emerging Influence of Jet Lag Symptoms on Road Safety

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death in international travelers. With the growth of international travel, the number of visitors who rent a vehicle upon arrival at their destination by air or by sea is expected to increase. Jet lag is a well-recognized maladaptation to international travel across multiple time zones. Little is known about the possible influence of jet lag symptoms on the risk of road traffic collisions. Lack of awareness or failure to recognize the debilitating effects of jet lag and driving immediately after a long-haul flight put the driver at risk of a fatal road traffic accident. This article summarizes the available evidence and suggests reasonable approaches which may serve to minimize the risk of jet lag-induced driver fatigue leading to road injuries and deaths. The future research agenda should focus on routinely recording whether jet lag was a co-factor in road traffic accidents, analyzing the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns to highlight this neglected issue, and investigating the impact of jet lag on pedestrian road safety.

The Cost of Convenience: Ridehailing and Traffic Fatalities

We examine the effect of the introduction of ridesharing services in U.S. cities on fatal traffic accidents. The arrival of ridesharing is associated with an increase of approximately 3% in the number of motor vehicle fatalities and fatal accidents. This increase is not only for vehicle occupants but also pedestrians. We propose a simple conceptual model to explain the effects of ridesharing’s introduction on accident rates. Consistent with the notion that ridesharing increases congestion and road use, we find that its introduction is associated with an increase in arterial vehicle miles traveled, excess gas consumption, and annual hours of delay in traffic. On the extensive margin, ridesharing’s arrival is also associated with an increase in new car registrations. We find weaker increases in accidents related to drunk driving. These effects are higher in cities with prior higher use of public transportation and carpools, consistent with a substitution effect, and in larger cities and cities with high vehicle ownership. The increase in accidents appears to persist—and even increase—over time. Back-of-the-envelope estimates of the annual cost in human lives range from $5.33 billion to $13.24 billion per year.

Смертность от дорожно-транспортных происшествий в Москве: анализ связанных данных полиции и государственного статистического учета умерших

В 2016 г. в Москве, по данным полиции, в дорожно-транспортных происшествиях (далее ДТП) погиб 561 человек, тогда как согласно данным органов статистики (если опираться на подход Всемирной организации здравоохранения (далее ВОЗ) к агрегации кодов МКБ-10 для определения числа умерших в ДТП, используемый в базе данных «Здоровье для всех») – 790 человек. Для понимания тенденций дорожно-транспортной смертности и для разработки обоснованных и эффективных мер по ее предотвращению необходимы надежные данные, поэтому важно понять причины расхождения чисел погибших в ДТП в Москве по разным официальным источникам информации. Цель исследования – выявить причины, обусловливающие несовпадение чисел погибших по данным полиции и государственной статистики смертности, с помощью связывания записей о погибших в ДТП в Москве в 2016 г. на индивидуальном уровне. В исследовании использованы данные органов статистики о 1 891 016 умерших от всех причин смерти и данные полиции о 20 302 погибших в ДТП в России в 2016 г. Оба массива информации представляли собой индивидуальные неперсонифицированные записи о погибших. В результате их сопоставления было получено 944 записи с упоминанием Москвы хотя бы в одном из двух источников данных, из которых 699 записей можно рассматривать как связанные, 245 как несвязанные. В 6% связанных записей код причины смерти, не относится к той группе кодов, которые ВОЗ использует для определения числа умерших в ДТП в базе данных «Здоровье для всех», а в 35% связанных записей регион регистрации ДТП отличался от региона регистрации смерти. Из 561 записи полиции о погибших 84% было связано с данными государственной статистики смертности, а из 790 умерших по данным органов статистики 80% записей связано с данными полиции.

Preview-scheduled steering assistance control for co-piloting vehicle: a human-like methodology

ABSTRACT As a significant active safety technology towards fully autonomous driving, driver-automation co-piloting provides a new thinking for enhancing vehicle active safety and relieving driver’s workload. However, the preview pattern divergence between driver and steering assistance system (SAS) may give rise to serious steering conflicts, which reduces driver’s faith in SAS, cause him/her to turn off it, and even result in fatal traffic accidents. Focusing on mimicking the driver’s steering behaviour, this paper proposes a human-like steering assistance scheme by adaptively varying the preview time and assistance gain of the SAS controller. Driver’s preview behaviour of the road curvature is numerically identified using simulator tests along a multi-curves road, based on which a nominal preview-scheduled driver model is established. Based on the nominal driver model, a co-piloting system featuring human-like preview behaviour and a time-varying assistance penalty is proposed to formulate the steering torque-overlay dynamics of both agents in path-tracking. Next, a linear parameter varying (LPV)/H∞ controller satisfying pole placement is integrated to ensure the robustness and stability within the entire parameter space. This enables the steering assistance scheme to have a scheduled preview pattern like a human driver. Results of driving simulator experiment indicate that the proposed steering assistance scheme is able to mitigate driver-SAS conflicts and improve driver’s path-tracking performance.

Driving under the Influence of Alcohol - Epidemiological Profile of the Victims in Mato Grosso State, Midwest Brazil

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) refers to the amount of ethanol present in the blood of an individual. Ethanol is among the most common substances encountered in forensic toxicology because ethanol abuse is related to fatal traffic accidents and general anti-social behavior. The objective was to describe the profile of victims of fatal traffic accidents in the state of Mato Grosso between 2013 and 2015. We analyzed 3,045 case records from Mato Grosso state Official Public Forensic Institution, Politec. Positive results for the presence of ethanol in the blood of victims of fatal traffic accidents was higher for males 1,162 (83.1%), from 21 to 30 years of age, and occurred predominantly during the weekends. Traffic accidents in Cuiabá County had the highest mortality coefficient per 100 thousand inhabitants (28.9%) than the rest of the state. Regarding the months of the year, there was a homogenous distribution with a discrete predominance of cases in October, November and December. The incidents were more frequent between 22h, 8h and 11h/12h am. This study contributes not only for the identification of the individuals most likely to be involved in traffic accidents where ethanol was consumed, but also to subsidize public policies aimed towards intervening and raising awareness of damages due to association among driving and ethanol use or abuse.

Trauma care systems in India and China: A grim past and an evolving future.

Neither India nor China has a formalized trauma system in place. There are many similarities between the 2 countries in terms of size, rapid economic growth, increasing number of motor vehicles, and high rates of road traffic accident (RTA) fatalities. This paper describes the current development of elements of the trauma system in China and the strategies and efforts made to improve the trauma system in India. In China, though not organized and formalized, different phases of the trauma system are present at varying levels of maturity. In India, efforts are made to implement a trauma system by mainly focusing on preventive measures and the creation of trauma designated facilities. Although progress has been made, the concept of "adequate trauma care for all" continues to remain an aspiration in many Asian countries, including India and China. Continued and concerted effort across many levels will be required to achieve this goal.

Are Minimum Wages a Silent Killer? New Evidence on Drunk Driving Fatalities

AbstractIn volume 94 of this REVIEW, Adams, Blackburn, and Cotti (ABC), using Fatal Accident Reporting System data from 1998 to 2006, find that a 10% increase in the minimum wage is associated with a 7% to 11% increase in alcohol-related fatal traffic accidents involving teen drivers. We find this result does not hold when the analysis period is expanded to include 1991 through 2013. In addition, auxiliary analyses provide no support for income-driven increases in alcohol consumption, the primary mechanism posited by ABC. Together, our results suggest that minimum wage increases are not a silent killer.

Magnitude of road traffic accident related injuries and fatalities in Ethiopia

BackgroundIn many developing countries there is paucity of evidence regarding the epidemiology of road traffic accidents (RTAs). The study determines the rates of injuries and fatalities associated with RTAs in Ethiopia based on the data of a recent national survey.MethodsThe study is based on the secondary data of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about occurrence injuries and accidents including RTAs in the past 12 months among 75,271 members of 16,650 households. Households were selected from nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia using stratified cluster sampling procedure.ResultsOf the 75,271 household members enumerated, 123 encountered RTAs in the reference period and rate of RTA-related injury was 163 (95% confidence interval (CI): 136–195) per 100,000 population. Of the 123 causalities, 28 were fatal, making the fatality rate 37 (95% CI: 25–54) per 100,000 population. The RTA-related injuries and fatalities per 100,000 motor vehicles were estimated as 21,681 (95% CI: 18,090–25,938) and 4,922 (95% CI: 3325–7183), respectively. Next to accidental falls, RTAs were the second most common form of accidents and injuries accounting for 22.8% of all such incidents. RTAs contributed to 43.8% of all fatalities secondary to accidents and injuries. Among RTA causalities, 21.9% were drivers, 35.0% were passenger vehicle occupants and 36.0% were vulnerable road users including: motorcyclists (21.0%), pedestrians (12.1%) and cyclists (2.9%). Approximately half (47.1%) of the causalities were between 15–29 years of age and 15.3% were either minors younger than 15 years or seniors older than 64 years of age. Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) of the victims were males.ConclusionRTA-related causalities are extremely high in Ethiopia. Male young adults and vulnerable road users are at increased risk of RTAs. There is a urgent need for bringing road safety to the country's public health agenda.

Towards secure and privacy preserving collision avoidance system in 5G fog based Internet of Vehicles

Current avoidance systems mainly focus on the safety of the car occupants. The surrounding entities including the pedestrians, the cyclists are assumed to use a different avoidance system for their safety. Vehicle speed is reported as one of the major factors that causes such severe road accidents that affect other entities on the road. In response, several solutions have been implemented to control the causalities of over speeding ranging from speed camera, speed detectors to car avoidance systems. However, those solutions have not significantly improved the rate of traffic accidents and their impact. Additionally, the current solutions do not ensure timely notification of all the road users (surrounding vehicle drivers, pedestrians or others) that can alleviate crash causalities in case of fatal traffic accidents. The fifth generation (5G) cellular network is predicted to overcome the current limitations of Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) by offering fast, low latency and reliable connections to enable IoV based applications. Fog computing has also been proposed to complement IoV by bringing computational entities in nearby proximity of the vehicles. 5G based fog vehicular networks is a new paradigm that empower real-time and low latency services for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In this paper we proposed a secure and privacy-preserving collision avoidance system in 5G fog based IoV. The fog devices are used to collect speed violation report (TVR) sent by the vehicles’ speed sensors. The fog nodes aggregate multiple TVRs, verify the signatures on the TVRs and broadcast anonymous notifications to other entities in the vicinity. The protocol makes use of certificateless aggregate signcryption coupled with pseudonymous technique as the building blocks to ensure authentication, integrity, confidentiality and privacy preservation respectively. The batch verification technique is used by the fog devices to allow simultaneous TVRs signature verification for a timely response. The authorization of reporting speed sensors is both guaranteed by the location-based information along with the digital signature to discard all the bogus TVRs. The analysis of the protocol confirms its lightweightness and efficiency.

Pattern and Distribution of Injuries in Victims of Fatal Road Traffic Accident Cases of Bikers in Haryana a Retrospective Study

Expansion in road network, motorization, and urbanization in the state of Haryana has been accompanied by a rise in road accidents leading to road traffic injuries. Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death in the world. The present study aims at evaluation of pattern and distribution of injuries among bikers thereby planning successful measures to minimize fatalities. The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana. During one year study period a total of 1557 cases of medico-legal autopsies were conducted out of which 654 cases were of fatal road traffic accidents. This study included 53 cases of bikers victims of fatal road traffic accident, brought for medico-legal post-mortem examination details of which had been recorded regarding the pattern and distribution of injuries. Highest number of fatalities occurred in the age group of 21–30 years followed by the age group 31–40 years. Male victims outnumbered female resulting in male to female ratio of 52: 1. Abrasions, contusions and lacerations were the most common type of injuries. The most of deaths were caused by head injury and more than one-sixth of the deaths were due to pelvic and extremities injuries.

Study of Pattern of Skull Fractures in the Victims of Unnatural Deaths Due to Head Injury Caused by Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) at Kanpur, India

Background: Head is one of the most venerable part of body to get injured in the road traffic accident. Head may got serious injuries in the terms of morbidity and mortality. Method: This study was conducted for the period of one year from January to December 2015 at the postmortem house of G.S.V.M. medical college and LLR hospital Kanpur U.P. 808 cases of skull fracture in head injury caused by fatal road traffic accident were evaluated. Results and Conclusion: Linear fracture of skull is most common seen in 132(16.34%) cases. Parietal bone is single most commonly involved bone comprising 117 (14.48%) case. Most commonly involved age group is 21-30 year contributed 230 (28.47%) cases.

Factors contributing to fatal road traffic accidents in the South of Kerman during the period from 2013 to 2017, Iran

Factors contributing to fatal road traffic accidents in the South of Kerman during the period from 2013 to 2017, Iran

Profile of Cases of Fatal Road Traffic Accident with Respect to Diurnal Variation of Time, Age, Sex and Death of Victim in Central Rural India-Autopsy Based Study

Road traffic accident is a complex phenomenon. Constant rise in the number of motor vehicles, rampant encroachment of road, easy to avail the vehicle because of loan facility, nasty tendency of violating traffic rules and anarchic traffic systems have greatly contributed to rapid increase in RTAs. The rise of road traffic accidents has become a major public health problem. RTAs cost a lot not only to the individuals affected and their families but also to the nation. The injuries, disability and fatality resulting from unexpected RTAs put a significant drain on the economy of the nation.

Cross-Sectional Study on the Pattern of Skull Fractures & Intracranial Hemorrhges in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Chitradurga

Cross-Sectional Study on the Pattern of Skull Fractures & Intracranial Hemorrhges in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Chitradurga

Socio-demographic profile of head injury victims due to fatal road traffic accidents in Mangalore

Socio-demographic profile of head injury victims due to fatal road traffic accidents in Mangalore

Correlation of skull fractures with the intracranial lesions in case of fatal road traffic accidents in Mangalore

Correlation of skull fractures with the intracranial lesions in case of fatal road traffic accidents in Mangalore

Socio-demographic profile of head injury victims due to fatal road traffic accidents in Mangalore

Socio-demographic profile of head injury victims due to fatal road traffic accidents in Mangalore

Profile of fatal road traffic accidents in Pune region, Maharashtra: A crosssectional autopsy study

Profile of fatal road traffic accidents in Pune region, Maharashtra: A crosssectional autopsy study

Pattern of Head Injuries in Motorised Two-Wheeler Riders Involved in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents: A Retrospective Autopsy based Study

Pattern of Head Injuries in Motorised Two-Wheeler Riders Involved in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents: A Retrospective Autopsy based Study