Fatal Diseases Research Articles

N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Induces Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction through Targeting Mcu/SQSTM1 Pathway and Attenuates Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of various fatal diseases, such as stroke, and ischemic heart failure worldwide. The risk factors of AS include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking and obesity. Recently, several investigations have shown that metabolic disorder within plaque was characterized as one of the main causes for those risk factors. The increase of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a metabolite produced by hexosamine-sialic acid pathway branching from glucose metabolism, in blood was identified as a metabolic biomarker for AS progression. Our previous study revealed that Neu5Ac could promote endothelial inflammatory response and attenuates AS plaque progression in apoE -/- mice. Mitochondrial dysfunction was suggested to be involved for endothelial injury after Neu5Ac accumulation in circulation. However, the underlaying mechanisms have not been fully understood yet. Therefore, the aim of the study was to understand the mechanism of mitochondrial injury induced by Neu5Ac accumulation in vivo using apoE-/- mouse model and in vitro using the endothelial cell line, HUVECs. Investigations have shown that impaired Ca 2+ homeostasis plays an interactive role in the progression of mitochondrial dysfunction. In our present study, we found that Neu5Ac induced Ca 2+ overload, increased ROS levels and promoted the expression of mitochondrial injury makers such as Parkin, TOMM20 and TIMM23. While pretreatment of HUVECs with BAPTA-AM in vitro could inhibit the increase of the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and reversed the mitochondrial fragment induced by Neu5Ac, suggesting that Neu5Ac in circulation promoted mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake and induced the mitochondrial homeostasis disorder. Based on the reported results that mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter (MCU) was the key regulator of impaired Ca 2+ homeostasis, we then detected the expression of MCU both in vivo and in vitro. We found an increase of MCU both at protein and mRNA levels in HUVEC cell lines. Meanwhile, we also observed that MCU expression was upregulated in aortic arch of apoE -/- mice after Neu5Ac treatment. Silencing MCU in vitro, mitochondrial Ca 2+ concentrations were downregulated and the ability of endothelial adhesion to monocytes was reversed as well. These results suggested that Neu5Ac specifically targeted MCU and induced Ca 2+ uptake. Targeting MCU might be a potential strategy for preventing AS progression induced by Neu5Ac. Furthermore, mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake was considered as an important determinant of cell fate and mitophagy/autophagy pathway. Our previous study has confirmed that Neu5Ac could activate SQSTM1/p62-mediated excessive autophagy and subsequently induced endothelial injury. To investigate whether MCU silencing could attenuate the autophagy mediated AS progression, we investigated the SQSTM1/p62 expression after silencing MCU in HUVECs. The present results confirmed that Neu5Ac increased mitochondrion-dependent autophagy, and the effects of which were largely relieved by MCU silencing. In summary, impaired Ca 2+ homeostasis was involved in the endothelial injury induced by accumulated Neu5Ac in blood. Furthermore, MCU upregulation is responsible for Neu5Ac-induced pathological AS disorder. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and may open a new window for therapeutic targeting in the treatment of AS.

Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Prion Disease: insights from $\alpha$2 Area Mutations in Human Prion Protein

Abstract Prion diseases are a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolded prion proteins. The main reason is that pathogenic prion protein has a strong tendency to aggregate, which easily induces the damage of central nervous system. Point mutations in the human prion protein gene can cause prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Gerstmann’s syndrome. To understand the mechanism of mutation-induced prion protein aggregation, the mutants in an aqueous solution were studied by molecular dynamics simulations, including the wild type, V180I, H187R and a double point mutation which is associated with CJD and GSS. After running simulations for 500 ns, the results show that these three mutations have different effects on the kinetic properties of PrP. The high fluctuations around the N-terminal residues of helix 2 in the V180I variant lead to a decrease in hydrogen bonding on helix 2, while an increase in the number of hydrogen bonds between the folded regions promotes the generation of β-sheet. Meanwhile, partial deletion of salt bridges in the H187R and Double mutants allows the sub-structural domains of the prion protein to separate, which would accelerate the conversion from PrPC to PrPSc. A similar trend is observed in both SASA and Rg for all three mutations, indicating that the conformational space is reduced and the structure is compact.

Recent advances in the development of vaccines against hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses

Arenaviruses are a global threat, causing thousands of deaths each year in several countries around the world. Despite strong efforts in the development of vaccine candidates, vaccines against Lassa fever or Bolivian and Venezuelan hemorrhagic fevers are yet to be licensed for a use in humans. In this synthesis, we present the arenaviruses causing fatal diseases in humans and the main vaccine candidates that have been developed over the past decades with an emphasis on the measles-Lassa vaccine, the first Lassa vaccine ever tested in humans, and on the MOPEVAC platform that can potentially be used as a pan-arenavirus vaccine platform.

The role of miRNA20a and miRNA320 in Iraqi patients with COVID-19: a case–control study

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), elicits a wide range of clinical manifestations, spanning from asymptomatic infection to the development of severe and potentially fatal diseases. The involvement of host microribonucleic acids (microRNAs) in the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been observed, leading to their identification as potential biomarkers for COVID-19. Consequently, the objective of this study was to examine the expression of miRNA-20a and miRNA-320 in 145 COVID-19 patients and 145 healthy controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).ResultsThe results indicated a significant increase in miRNA-20a expression with fold change (10.65; P ≤ 0.0001), while decreased expression of miRNA-320 was found with fold change (0.48; P ≤ 0.0001) in COVID-19 patients. The specificity and sensitivity of miRNAs in COVID-19 patients were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ConclusionmiRNA-20a and miRNA-320 may serve as potential COVID-19 diagnostic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity.

Machine Learning-Based Approach for Predicting Diabetes Employing Socio-Demographic Characteristics

Diabetes is one of the fatal diseases that play a vital role in the growth of other diseases in the human body. From a clinical perspective, the most significant approach to mitigating the effects of diabetes is early-stage control and management, with the aim of a potential cure. However, lack of awareness and expensive clinical tests are the primary reasons why clinical diagnosis and preventive measures are neglected in lower-income countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. From this perspective, this study aims to build an automated machine learning (ML) model, which will predict diabetes at an early stage using socio-demographic characteristics rather than clinical attributes, due to the fact that clinical features are not always accessible to all people from lower-income countries. To find the best fit of the supervised ML classifier of the model, we applied six classification algorithms and found that RF outperformed with an accuracy of 99.36%. In addition, the most significant risk factors were found based on the SHAP value by all the applied classifiers. This study reveals that polyuria, polydipsia, and delayed healing are the most significant risk factors for developing diabetes. The findings indicate that the proposed model is highly capable of predicting diabetes in the early stages.

Seipin overexpression attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via preventing apoptosis and autophagy.

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is one of three fatal diseases in humans, along with heart disease and malignant tumors. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is the primary cause of ICVD. Recently, seipin was reported to be crucial for lipid droplet formation, hepatic steatosis, and axonal atrophy. However, the function and mechanism of seipin in CI/RI has not been explicitly stated. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) hippocampal neuron cell line (HT-22) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats were established. The levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins and seipin were confirmed by western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed with CCK-8, and ischemic infarction and pathological structure were monitored by TTC and H&E staining, and tissue apoptosis was assessed through TUNEL assay. The proliferative activity was decreased, and apoptosis and autophagy pathways could also be induced in the OGD/R HT-22 cells. Seipin overexpression accelerated viability and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy in the OGD/R HT-22 cells. Moreover, the data revealed that seipin overexpression could also attenuate cerebral infarction, apoptosis. Autophagy pathways could be repressed by seipin in the MCAO rats. Seipin has a protective role against CI/RI in rats, and its mechanism might be relevant to the suppression of apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that seipin might be a latent target for CI/RI.

Human anaerobic microbiome: a promising and innovative tool in cancer prevention and treatment by targeting pyruvate metabolism.

Even in present-day times, cancer is one of the most fatal diseases. People are overwhelmed by pricey chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other costly cancer therapies in poor and middle-income countries. Cancer cells grow under anaerobic and hypoxic conditions. Pyruvate is the final product of the anaerobic glycolysis pathway, and many cancer cells utilize pyruvate for their growth and development. The anaerobic microbiome produces many anti-cancer substances that can act as anti-tumor agents and are both feasible and of low cost. There are different mechanisms of action of the anaerobic microbiome, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and competition for the anaerobic environment includes the metabolic product pyruvate to form lactic acid for energy. In this review, we have summarized the role of the metabolic approach of the anaerobic human microbiome in cancer prevention and treatment by interfering with cancer metabolite pyruvate. SCFAs possess decisive outcomes in condoning almost all the hallmarks of cancer and helping the spread of cancer to other body parts. Studies have demonstrated the impact and significance of using SCFA, which results from anaerobic bacteria, as an anti-cancer agent. Anaerobic bacteria-based cancer therapy has become a promising approach to treat cancer using obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria because of their ability to penetrate and increase in an acidic hypoxic environment. This review attempts to provide the interconnection of cancer metabolism and anaerobic microbiome metabolism with a focus on pyruvate metabolism to understand and design unique anaerobic microbiota-based therapy for cancer patients.

The Role of Negative Affect in Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are serious and frequently fatal diseases characterized by disruptions in eating habits, thoughts, and feelings. They are common globally and negatively impact physical and mental health, especially in adolescent girls and young women. Negative affect (NA), marked by unpleasant emotions, is associated with psychological disorders and is crucial for the development and maintenance of EDs. However, the research is still lacking in some areas, such as the connection between different NA types and ED symptoms, as well as the course and development of EDs. This review explores how the specific relationship between negative affect and different primary symptoms of eating disorders vary under different cultural contexts and personal backgrounds, how the progression of NA differentiates among three types of EDs, and other relevant factors influencing the relationship between NA and EDs. The examination of the connection between negative emotions and eating disorders can provide insightful information. However, the conclusions are limited by the studies nature. Most studies relied on self-report measures, which may not accurately reflect individuals experiences with eating disorders. To comprehend how eating disorders develop and advance over time, longitudinal studies are also required. The review shows that negative affect and eating disorders have a complex relationship, with different types of negative affect linked to different symptoms. It can contribute to the design of prevention and intervention programs at schools and communities.

Letˋs Pay Attention to Covid and Move Forward

Introduction: Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans and pose a major threat to human health and life. Animals are often asymptomatic carriers of pathogens and spread them in the environment with their excreta. Their course varies from the common cold to more severe and often fatal diseases in humans. Before the COVID-19 infection caused the global pandemic in 2020, coronavirus diseases were primarily of veterinary interest. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and strained healthcare systems around the world. This pandemic has necessitated the development of protective and therapeutic measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The lack of optimal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 offering long-lasting protection against the different viral variants, as well as a drug, allowing the treatment of all variants of COVID-19 directed us to the use of dietary components and agents that are applicable in the context of competitive inhibition by blocking part of the receptors to protect against coronavirus-related diseases. Discussion: Lactobacillus and carrageenans may have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection alone or in combination in healthy subjects. Reducing the viral load in the nasopharynx may drastically reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. Infectious diseases are among the strongest types of selective pressure driving human evolution. Genetics in the coming decades will likely allow us to understand the dynamics of human immune system formation. By learning from our mistakes and successes, we will be able to more successfully deal with the challenges posed by zoonoses in the future.

Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus Among Blood Donors in Sidi Bel Abbes, West Algeria.

Introduction Blood transfusions can transmit various viruses. Among them, the most common are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses can cause fatal and life-threatening diseases. Worldwide, many people are infected with these viruses. Blood safety has made majorprogress in recent years. Yet, blood-borne viruses continue to be a major concern for patients, physicians, and policymakers. The aim of this study was to assessthe prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in blood donors. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to assess HIV, HBV, and HCV seropositivity in blood donors. This research was carried out at the blood bank of Sidi Bel Abbes University Hospital. This was a retrospective study based on records of blood donors. All data of 10,386 donors were analyzed from January 2015 to December 2015. Biological screening was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies and/or antigens. The combined HCV and HIV antigen and antibody ELISA test was utilized. To confirm the results, the blood bank and the virology laboratory used the same technique in duplicate. Results The overall seroprevalence of blood-borne viral infections (HIV, HBV, and HCV) in blood donors was 0.8%. The prevalence of HIV was found to be 0.1%, while the prevalence of HBV and HCV was 0.4%. Coinfection was rare with only one case of HBV with HIV.There was a significant difference in seroprevalence rates among blood donors compared to the general population. Significant variations were observed between the prevalence of this study and those conducted in West, East, Central, and South African countries but not with those of neighboringNorth African countries. The study found no association between seropositivity in blood donors and factors like age, gender, donor status, type of donation, or site. Besides, HIV, HBV, or HCV prevalence was not influenced by ABO and Rhesus blood group. Conclusion The study showed that blood donors in Algeria have a lower prevalence of blood-borne viral infections than the general population. The seropositivity rate of viral markers was similar throughout North African countries. This rate remained low compared to other African countries. Residual risk of infection persists. There is a need to increase blood safety for recipients. This report is the first comprehensive overview of blood-borne viruses among Algerian blood donors. There is a need for further nationwide studies to get a whole picture of the situation.

Adding salt to foods and hazards of microvascular, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.

We aimed to examine the association of the frequency of adding salt to foods and the hazards of the incidence and mortality risks for a range of vascular outcomes, including microvascular, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular diseases. 438,307 participants from the UK Biobank who completed the questionnaire on the frequency of adding salt to foods and were free of vascular disease at baseline were enrolled. Information on the frequency of adding salt to foods (do not include salt used in cooking) was collected at baseline through a touch-screen questionnaire. The primary outcomes included incident microvascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. The secondary outcomes included: (1) each component of these vascular diseases (10 components in total), (2) first occurrence of fatal and non-fatal vascular diseases. During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, a total of 17,169 (3.9%), 10,437 (2.4%), and 48,203 (11.0%) participants developed microvascular, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Overall, the hazards of incident microvascular, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases increased with the increasing frequency of adding salt to foods (all P for trend <0.001). Similar trends were found for the secondary outcomes. Moreover, the positive association of always adding salt to foods with hazard of cardiovascular diseases was stronger among current-smokers (P-interaction = 0.010), younger participants (P-interaction <0.001), and those with lower body mass index levels (P-interaction = 0.003). Higher frequency of adding salt to foods was associated with higher hazards of non-fatal and fatal microvascular, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, and each component of these vascular diseases.

Gastrointestinal tract disorders classification using ensemble of InceptionNet and proposed GITNet based deep feature with ant colony optimization.

Computer-aided classification of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has become a crucial area of research. Medical science and artificial intelligence have helped medical experts find GIT diseases through endoscopic procedures. Wired endoscopy is a controlled procedure that helps the medical expert in disease diagnosis. Manual screening of the endoscopic frames is a challenging and time taking task for medical experts that also increases the missed rate of the GIT disease. An early diagnosis of GIT disease can save human beings from fatal diseases. An automatic deep feature learning-based system is proposed for GIT disease classification. The adaptive gamma correction and weighting distribution (AGCWD) preprocessing procedure is the first stage of the proposed work that is used for enhancing the intensity of the frames. The deep features are extracted from the frames by deep learning models including InceptionNetV3 and GITNet. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) procedure is employed for feature optimization. Optimized features are fused serially. The classification operation is performed by variants of support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, including the Cubic SVM (CSVM), Coarse Gaussian SVM (CGSVM), Quadratic SVM (QSVM), and Linear SVM (LSVM) classifiers. The intended model is assessed on two challenging datasets including KVASIR and NERTHUS that consist of eight and four classes respectively. The intended model outperforms as compared with existing methods by achieving an accuracy of 99.32% over the KVASIR dataset and 99.89% accuracy using the NERTHUS dataset.

Neurodegenerative Disease Tauopathies.

Tauopathies are a diverse group of progressive and fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by aberrant tau inclusions in the central nervous system. Tau protein forms pathologic fibrillar aggregates that are typically closely associated with neuronal cell death, leading to varied clinical phenotypes including dementia, movement disorders, and motor neuron disease. In this review, we describe the clinicopathologic features of tauopathies and highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that lead to spread of pathologic aggregates through interconnected neuronal pathways. The cell-to-cell propagation of tauopathy is then linked to posttranslational modifications, tau fibril structural variants, and the breakdown of cellular protein quality control.

Jackfruit waste: an invented anticancer therapy using Jacalin lectin from jackfruit seed.

Every food source contains both edible and inedible waste components. Millions of tonnes of trash from the food business are made from fruits, and these wastes are containing higher-value medicinal components, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic contents, a huge amount of proteins and secondary metabolites. These bioactive phytoconstituents are being used for the treatment of many serious fatal diseases. So, utilizing the recovered bioactive molecules from food wastes as functional ingredients offers a long-term alternative source of therapeutically active components that will lead to the discovery of novel phytoconstituents or novel treatment approaches. The goal of this systematic study is to provide an overview of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam, Moraceae) edible byproducts, such as jackfruit seeds that are largely neglected. This seed contains numerous bioactive lead molecules, such as carbohydrate-binding protein jacalin, which exhibits potent anticancer activity against colon cancer, blood cancer and breast cancer as well as can enlighten the new possible treatment approaches in targeted therapy and photodynamic chemotherapy. Moreover, jackfruit waste seed can be taken as a dietary food, which is having property to prevent and treat cancer and other lifestyle diseases. The works that have been carried out to utilize jackfruit waste other than the juicy edible bulbs have been reviewed in this article.

Biological investigations of Aspergillus ficuum via in vivo, in vitro and in silico analyses

Serious human health impacts have been observed worldwide due to several life-threatening diseases such as cancer, candidiasis, hepatic coma, and gastritis etc. Exploration of nature for the treatment of such fatal diseases is an area of immense interest for the scientific community. Based on this idea, the genus Aspergillus was selected to discover its hidden therapeutic potential. The genus Aspergillus is known to possess several biologically active compounds. The current research aimed to assess the biological and pharmacological potency of the extracts of less-studied Aspergillus ficuum (FCBP-DNA-1266) (A. ficuum) employing experimental and bioinformatics approaches. The disc diffusion method was used for the antifungal investigation, and the MTT assay was performed to assess the anticancer effects. Mice were employed as an in vivo model to evaluate the antispasmodic effects. A standard spectrophotometric technique was applied to gauge the urease inhibitory activity. The antifungal studies indicate that both n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were significantly active against Candida albicans (C. albicans) with their zone of inhibitions (ZOI) values reported as 19 ± 1.06 mm and 25 ± 0.55 mm, respectively at a dose of 30 µg.mL−1. In vitro cytotoxicity assay against HeLa, fibroblast 3T3, prostate PC3, and breast MCF-7 cancer cell lines was performed. The ethyl acetate extract of A. ficuum was found to be significantly active against MCF-7 with its IC50 value of 43.88 µg.mL−1. However, no substantial effects on the percent cell death of HeLa cancer cell lines were observed. In addition, the A. ficuum extracts also inhibited the urease enzyme compared to standard thiourea. The antispasmodic activity of A. ficuum extract was assessed by an in vivo model and the results demonstrated promising activity at 150 mg.kg−1. Molecular docking results also supported the antifungal, anticancer, and antiurease potency of A. ficuum extract. Overall, the results display promising aspects of A. ficuum extract as a future pharmacological source.

Diospyros montana mediated reduction, stabilization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their mosquitocidal potentiality against dengue vector Aedes albopictus

Recent research has focused on nanoparticles. Aedes albopictus is a potential vector that transmits fatal diseases. Recently, Phyto-reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were shown to be mosquito larvicides. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Diospyros montana leaf extract, characterize them, and test their efficacy as larvicide and pupicide against Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, determine their duration of effectiveness as a larvicide, identify plant compounds that help to synthesize nanoparticles, and assess their effects on non-target organisms. Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and capsaicin are among the novel reducing and capping agents found in D. montana leaf through LCMS analysis. The color shift and distinctive peak in UV–Vis spectroscopy made it simple to see how biogenic AgNPs were produced by converting Ag+ ions into Ag0. Substantial negative value (− 19.10 mv) of zeta potential demonstrated the long-term stability of AgNPs. A moderate range (8.72 − 50.75 nm) of particle size distribution pattern was obtained using the DLS technique. SEM and TEM images depicted the quasi-spherical (or polyhedral) and spherical shape of the nanoparticles, having approximately 16.75 nm average size. Synthesized AgNPs had a low LC90 value (< 10 ppm) for all larval instars and pupae of Ae. albopictus and had negligible mal effect on non-target organisms. Regression equations showed dose-dependent mortality by the positive correlation between mortality rate and AgNPs concentration, and each time the regression coefficient (R2) value was larger than zero. This study shows that D. montana leaf extract is an environment-friendly and sustainable source of an effective reducing and capping agent to synthesize highly stable, ecologically acceptable silver nanoparticles and their application as mosquitocide.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Oral Cancer - A Brief Review

World Health Organization has considered the cancer as the 6th most potential reason for mortality all over the world. Even with all the advancement and development of technology in the field of medicine the cancer remains one of the most fatal diseases all over the world. Among these malignancies Oral Cancers are the most common worldwide. In malignant tissue there is a significant change in the bioimpedance, this change is as a result of increased water and salt content in the cells, change in membrane permeability, altered packing density and orientation of cells. Bioimpedance is the ability of organic tissue to oppose an external electric current. This review provides a brief knowledge about the bioelectrical impedance in oral cancers.

Spectrum of Diseases Affecting the Nervous System Associated with JC - Virus: A Review

The JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) belongs to the family Polyomaviridae, genus Betapolyomavirus. These are small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses. Approximately 60-80% of the population is carriers of JC polyomavirus. Various ways of spread are being studied. These viruses are associated with a large spectrum of neurological diseases, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, JC-associated meningitis and encephalitis, JCV granule cell neuronopathy and numerous central nervous system malignancies. In the majority of individuals, the virus remains latent in the kidney tissue. However, in certain subgroups, it leads to the development of severe and frequently disabling or fatal diseases. These subgroups are usually immunosuppressed, which causes the virus to undergo lytic rearrangement. Understanding these diseases and the mechanisms by which they occur is paramount for making accurate diagnoses. Studying these diseases is necessary to develop effective treatments and limit their harmful effects.

Deep edge intelligence-based solution for heart failure prediction in ambient assisted living

Heart failure and heart disease prediction in real-time is a highly significant necessity for the patients living under the observation of Internet of Things-based Ambient Assisted Living systems because cardiovascular diseases are the most common fatal chronic diseases. Most of the solutions regarding heart disease prediction in the Internet of Things-based medical systems are relying on server-based predictive analysis which can appear to be complex for generating real-time prediction notifications and unreliable in case of any network interruption occurrences. The suggested edge-based solution for the prediction of heart disease from collected sensor data in real-time using a proposed lightweight deep learning technique called Oversampled Quinary Feed Forward Network (OQFFN) provides a less complex framework and more reliable notification system in case of network failure for the disease prediction which also reduces the need of forwarding all the data to the server resulting in reduced network bottleneck.

India’s sustaining challenges to combat rabies elimination: a comprehensive review

Rabies is one of the fatal zoonotic diseases wreaking havoc on humanity since antiquity. India continues to suffer the greatest rabies burden of any country, both in terms of annual human deaths and disability-adjusted life years. While modern rabies management emphasizes the importance of achieving zoonotic disease control and prevention through a One Health approach, the disease remains challenging as its persistence is invariably multifaceted. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the enduring reasons for the increasing incidence of rabies in India. Between 2012- 2022, a systematic search of scientific publications, popular search engines like Google, as well as in the grey literature regarding rabies was carried out. Since rabies elimination boils down to addressing the reasons, it is first seen related to the large and unvaccinated stray dog population, where 97% of cases are by dog bites. A second finding is that many bite victims resorted to indigenous treatment practices due to insufficient awareness and knowledge about the disease. Incomplete treatment practices also led to some deaths, especially because rabies vaccines are not affordable or accessible to poverty-stricken populations. Rarely, vaccine failures were caused by a lack of vaccine potency, a wound type, or ineffective administration methods. Even with all these data incorporated, there was no information on prevalence/incidence estimates of dog bites in recent years through national data. Therefore, without intensified surveillance, sustained political commitment, enormous mobilization of resources, and rabies education, the epidemic waves of this fatal disease will continue in India.