Fat Utilization Research Articles

Effects of Exercise With and Without Energy Replacement on Substrate Utilization in the Fasting State

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the interactive effect of exercise and energy balance on energy expenditure and substrate utilization.Method: Seven men and 7 women underwent three 2-day experimental protocols in a random order. Each protocol consisted of no exercise (NE), exercise only (EO), or exercise with a matched energy replacement (ER) on day 1 followed by metabolic testing that occurred after a 12-hour overnight fasting on day 2. Both EO and ER involved treadmill running at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) that induced an energy expenditure of ∼ 500 kcal. The replacement meal used in ER contained ∼ 500 kcal made up of 45% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 25% protein. During metabolic testing, oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and rates of carbohydrate (COX) and fat oxidation (FOX) were determined in three successive 15-minute periods including rest and exercise at 50% and 70% VO2max.Results: No differences in VO2 and HR were found at rest among NE, EO, and ER. However, RER was lower in EO than NE (0.840 ± 0.014 vs 0.889 ± 0.012, p < 0.05), COX (g·min−1) was lower in ER than NE (0.144 ± 0.016 vs 0.197 ± 0.019, p < 0.05), and FOX (g·min−1) was higher in EO or ER than NE (0.054 ± 0.010 or 0.057 ± 0.009 vs 0.034 ± 0.007, p < 0.05). No treatment effects were observed for all variables at either intensity.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that an exercise of moderate intensity can increase resting fat oxidation even when the exercise-induced energy expenditure is balanced by energy intake. This finding suggests that muscle action is vital in augmenting fat utilization.

Functional efficacy analysis of Angelica gigas Nakai on chicken myoblast cells through cell-based in vitro assay.

The value-added products in livestock industry is one of the key issues in order to maximize the revenue and to create a new business model. Numerous studies have suggested application of herbal plants as feed additives to increase health, productivity, and/or high-quality product in livestock. In this study, the first experiment was designed to develop in vitro evaluation system by using primary chicken myoblast (pCM) cells isolated from pectoralis major of 10-day-old male embryos. Subsequently, to evaluate effects of Korean Danggui Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN), we optimized the concentration of AGN root extract for treatment of primary pCM cells. After the treatment of AGN root extract, we compared proliferation and differentiation capacity, and also examined the gene expression. In the second experiment, the next generation sequencing analysis was performed to compare the different patterns of the global gene expression in pCM cells treated with AGN extract. Three up-regulated (pancreas beta cells, fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis) and one down-regulated (adipogenesis) gene sets were characterized suggesting that the AGN extract affected the metabolic pathways for the utilization of fat and glucose in chicken muscle cells. Furthermore, we validated the expression patterns of the up-regulated genes (GCLC, PTPN6, ISL1, SLC25A13, TGFBI, and YWHAH) in the AGN-treated pCM cells by quantitative RT-PCR. These results demonstrated that the treatment of AGN extract decreased proliferation and differentiation of pCM cells, and affected the metabolic pathways of glucose and fatty acids. Moreover, AGN extract derived from byproducts such as stem and leaf also showed the reduced proliferation patterns on AGN-treated pCM cells. Taken together, pCM cell-based in vitro assay system could be primarily and efficiently applied for evaluating the biofunctional efficacy of various feed additive candidates.

Epicardial adipose tissue GLP-1 receptor is associated with genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and white-to-brown fat differentiation: A target to modulate cardiovascular risk?

BackgroundEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs (GLP-1A) may have beneficial cardiovascular effects and reduce EAT, possibly throughout targeting GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Nevertheless, the role of EAT GLP-1R, GLP-2R and their interplay with EAT genes involved in adipogenesis and fatty acid (FA) metabolism are unknown. We analyzed whether EAT transcriptome is related to GLP-1R/GLP-2R gene expression, and GLP-1/GLP-2 plasma levels in coronary artery disease patients (CAD). MethodsEAT was collected from 17 CAD patients undergoing CABG for microarray analysis of GLP-1R, GLP-2R and genes involved in FA metabolism and adipogenesis. EAT thickness was measured by echocardiography. GLP-1 and GLP-2 levels were quantified by ELISA in CAD and healthy subjects (CTR). ResultsEAT GLP-1R was directly correlated with genes promoting beta-oxidation and white-to-brown adipocyte differentiation, and inversely with pro-adipogenic genes. GLP-2R was positively correlated with genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid synthesis, and inversely with genes promoting beta-oxidation. GLP-1 and GLP-2 levels were higher in CAD than CTR and in patients with greater EAT thickness. ConclusionsGLP-1 analogs may target EAT GLP-1R and therefore reduce local adipogenesis, improve fat utilization and induce brown fat differentiation. As EAT lies in direct contiguity to myocardium and coronary arteries, the beneficial effects of GLP-1 activation may extent to the heart.The increased levels of circulating GLP-1 and GLP-2 and EAT GLP-2R may be compensatory mechanisms related to CAD and also EAT expansion, but the meaning of these observations needs to be further investigated.

Ghrelin-mediated improvements in the metabolic phenotype in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a heritable neurodegenerative disorder, characterisedby metabolic disturbances, along with cognitive and psychiatric impairments.Targeting metabolic HD dysfunction via the maintenance of body weight and fat mass and restoration of peripheral energy metabolism can improve the progression of neurological symptoms. In this respect, we focused on the therapeutic potential of the orexigenic peptide hormone ghrelin, which plays an important role in promoting a positive energy balance. In the present study, we found a significant disruption of circadian metabolic regulation in a R6/2 mouse HD model in the late stage of disease. Daily circadian rhythms of activity, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and feeding were strongly attenuated in R6/2 mice. During the rest phase, R6/2 mice had a higher total activity, elevated energy expenditure and excessive water consumption compared to control mice. We also found that, in the late stage of disease, R6/2 mice had ghrelin axis deficiency as a result of low circulating ghrelin levels, in addition to down-regulation of the ghrelin receptor and several key signalling molecules in the hypothalamus, as well as a reduced responsiveness to exogenous peripheral ghrelin. We demonstrated that, in pre-symptomatic mice, responsiveness to ghrelin is preserved. Chronic ghrelin treatment efficiently increased lean body mass and decreased the energy expenditure and fat utilisation of R6/2 mice in the early stage of disease. In addition, ghrelin treatment was also effective in the normalisation of drinking behaviour and the rest activity of these mice. Ghrelin treatment could provide a novel therapeutic possibility for delaying disease progression; however, deficiency in ghrelin receptor expression could limit its therapeutic potential in the late stage of disease.

Lipid Metabolism at Two Different Walking Speeds in Obese Individuals: Pilot Study

Exercise is an important factor of obesity and overweight management. American College of Sports Medicine recommends that 150–250 minutes per week and up to 60 minutes per day of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise should be performed for weight gain prevention or modest weight reduction. Walking is a common and relatively safe form of aerobic exercise that can easily be incorporated into weight management programs. The energy expenditure associated with walking has been reported to be either linearly or slightly exponentially related to speed. Thus, interval walking training has been developed as a novel free‐living training modality that improves physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in humans.PURPOSEto determine if an interval walking exercise increases fat breakdown, fat utilization, and energy expenditure to a greater extent, compared with constant walking exercise in obese adults.METHODSThis study was set as randomized crossover design. Six sedentary obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and 18–50 yrs) were recruited. Initially six subjects were randomly assigned into a constant speed walking group (CON) or an interval walking group (INT). Then, CON became INT and INT became CON. The constant speed walking consists of a single bout of 40 min walking exercise at 45% of VO2max on a treadmill. The interval walking consists of a single bout of 40 min walking exercise with cycles of alternating 3‐min slow (30% of VO2max), 3‐min moderate (45% of VO2max), and 3‐min fast (60% of VO2max) walking. Energy expenditure and fat usage were measured at rest and every 10min during walking exercises via indirect calorimetry. Blood samples were drawn at rest and every 10min during walking exercises to measure glycerol levels. Two‐way ANOVA was used to determine differences in energy expenditure and fat utilization between the groups.RESULTSThe net rates of fat utilization (g/min) and calorie expenditure (kcal/min) were not different between the groups during walking exercises. Also, blood glycerol concentrations were not different between the groups at any time points of exercise. However, the net rates of fat utilization, calorie expenditure, and blood glycerol concentrations were significantly higher at 30min and 40min of exercise, compared to those at 10min of exercise in both groups.CONCLUSIONOur data show that walking speeds might not be a primary factor to regulate fat utilization and energy expenditure during low and moderate exercise intensities. However, an increase in fat metabolism and energy expenditure during walking exercises may be attributed to the longer duration of exercise. Thus, these findings may provide a better exercise strategy to increase lipid breakdown and prevent weight gain in overweight/obese people.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

GLP‐1 Receptor Is Associated with Genes Involved in Fatty Acids Oxidation and White‐to‐Brown Fat Differentiation in Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT)

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recent clinical evidence suggested that the potential beneficial effects of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) analogs on CVD may deal with the reduction of EAT amount, possibly by targeting EAT GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R), as recently discovered. Nevertheless, the role of EAT GLP‐1R and its interplay with EAT genes involved in adipogenesis and fatty acids metabolism are presently unknown.EAT was collected from 17 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft for microarray analysis of GLP‐1R and genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis. GLP‐1 plasma levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. EAT thickness was measured by echocardiography. The study has been performed in accordance with the Principles of Declaration of Helsinki.EAT GLP‐1R was directly correlated with genes promoting beta‐oxidation and white‐to‐brown adipocyte differentiation, and inversely with pro‐adipogenic genes. Circulating GLP‐1 levels were higher in CAD than healthy subjects and in patients with greater ultrasound‐measured EAT thickness.GLP‐1 and its analogs may target EAT GLP‐1R and therefore reduce local adipogenesis, improve fat utilization and induce brown fat differentiation. The increase in circulating GLP‐1 levels may be a compensatory mechanism to improve metabolic dysfunctions. As EAT lies in direct contiguity to the myocardium and coronary arteries, the beneficial effects of GLP‐1 activation may extent to the heart.Support or Funding InformationThe study was supported by funding from Fondazione E. A. Fiera Internazionale di Milano to Università degli Studi di Milano and Ricerca Corrente funding from Italian Ministry of Health to IRCCS Policlinico San Donato.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Utilization of different oils and fats in cocoa hazelnut cream production

In this study, textural, rheological, particle size distribution (PSD), and sensory analyzes were performed to determine the possibility of using different oils or fats in production of cocoa hazelnut cream. The cream sample containing the margarine did not show oil separation as in the control samples. The closest accelerated fat separation values to the control samples were observed in cream samples containing margarine (6.87%) and sunflower seed oil (9.87%). The numerical D[4,3] values, represent the volume weighted mean particle diameter, obtained in samples with olive, sunflower seed, and palm super olein oils resembled results for control samples. Among the experimental samples, cream samples with hazelnut, margarine, and sunflower seed oils had the highest flavor and aroma scores. As fat or oil solidity increased, the oil separations and the flow behavior index decreased; however, the spreadability, stickiness, consistency index, apparent viscosity, the storage, and loss modulus and PSD parameters increased. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study showed the effects of different fats and oils on technological characteristics of cocoa hazelnut cream. The results obtained will be beneficial in selecting the oils or fats in the production of cocoa hazelnut cream and determining the appropriate mixing ratios of them. Considering the cost and technological properties, anhydrous margarine, and sunflower seed oil could be suggested.

A Nomogram of Lateral Abdominal Wall Fat Thickness in Normal Third Trimester Fetuses

The objective of this study is to establish a nomogram of fetal abdominal wall fat thickness in fetuses with known normal neonatal outcomes. After IRB approval (HSD-49496), 157 ultrasound examinations in 100 patients, 41 of whom had multiple examinations during the same pregnancy were reviewed. The thickness of the fetal lateral abdominal wall fat Interreader agreement was summarized using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Fat thickness growth curve equations were estimated to quantify the relationship between fat thickness and gestational age. The abdominal wall fat had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.90-0.96) for 2 readers. Fat thickness increased in all 41 fetuses with multiple examinations (P < 0.001). Fat thickness increased 0.19 mm per week on average (95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.21 mm; P < 0.001) from an average of 1.7 mm at 22 weeks and 4.3 mm at 36 weeks. Lateral wall abdominal fat can be reproducibly measured with good inter observer correlation, and fat does increase with increasing gestational age in normal fetuses. We believe the utility of fetal fat is the documentation of its presence as a reassuring finding indicative of normal fetal health, particularly when prior dating is discrepant or not available during the third trimester.

Evolution of lipid classes and fatty acid digestibility along the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed different fat sources at different ages

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the dietary fat saturation degree and age on the lipid class (TAG, DAG, MAG, and FFA) composition and fatty acid digestibility along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and excreta in broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old female broiler chickens were randomly distributed in 2 dietary treatments (6 cages/treatment), which resulted from the supplementation of a basal diet with 6% of soybean oil or palm oil. Two digestibility balances were carried out at 14 and 35 d and fatty acid digestibility and lipid class composition were determined in the gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and excreta. Along de GIT, both fatty acid digestibility and lipid class composition were influenced by the dietary fat source and the age of the chickens. The absorption of the unsaturated fat was more efficient and faster than it was for the saturated fat. The ability of adult chickens to absorb fat was higher than for young chickens. The results show that the duodenum is the main place of fat digestion (hydrolysis), and the jejunum the main place of fat absorption. The role of the ileum on fat absorption is very important, as it is the last segment of the GIT where the absorption of fatty acids has been described. Thus, it was the contribution of the ileum that was responsible for the higher fat utilization observed for animals fed the unsaturated diet than for those fed the saturated diet at 14 d, and it was also responsible for the improvement on the utilization of the saturated diet between 14 and 35 d. All the results suggest that the absorption of fatty acids is more limiting than is hydrolysis, because the main differences were observed in the jejunum and ileum, where the absorption of fatty acids takes place.

Regulation of substrate utilization and adiposity by Agrp neurons

The type of nutrient utilized by the organism at any given time—substrate utilization—is a critical component of energy metabolism. The neuronal mechanisms involved in the regulation of substrate utilization in mammals are largely unknown. Here, we found that activation of hypothalamic Agrp neurons rapidly altered whole-body substrate utilization, increasing carbohydrate utilization, while decreasing fat utilization. These metabolic changes occurred even in the absence of caloric ingestion and were coupled to increased lipogenesis. Accordingly, inhibition of fatty acid synthase—a key enzyme that mediates lipogenesis—blunted the effects of Agrp neuron activation on substrate utilization. In pair-fed conditions during positive energy balance, activation of Agrp neurons improved metabolic efficiency, and increased weight gain and adiposity. Conversely, ablation of Agrp neurons impaired fat mass accumulation. These results suggest Agrp neurons regulate substrate utilization, contributing to lipogenesis and fat mass accumulation during positive energy balance.

Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes

BackgroundThe ketogenic diet is becoming a popular nutritional model among athletes. However, the relationship between its use and metabolism during exercise seems to have not been fully investigated.MethodsThe aim of the study was to assess the effects of a four-week ketogenic diet (KD) on fat and carbohydrate (CHO) utilization during an incremental cycling test (ICT) in CrossFit-trained female (n = 11) and male (n = 11) athletes. During the ICT (while consuming the customary diet and after the KD), oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide exhalation were registered, and CHO and fat utilization as well as energy expenditure were calculated.ResultsIn males, the KD led to an increase in fat utilization (g·min− 1·kgFFM− 1 and % oxidation). It was particularly noticeable at exercise intensities up to 80% of VO2max. An increase in the area under the curve (AUC) was seen in males but not in females at up to ≤65% VO2max of fat utilization.ConclusionsMale CrossFit-trained athletes seem to be more prone to shifts in macronutrient utilization (in favor of fat utilization) during submaximal intensity exercise under a ketogenic diet than are female athletes.Trial registrationClinical Trials Gov, NCT03665948. Registered 11 September 2018 (retrospectively registered).

Good fats vs bad fats: an insight on the utilization of fats

Good fats vs bad fats: an insight on the utilization of fats

Metabolic lipid muscle disorders: biomarkers and treatment.

Lipid storage myopathies (LSMs) are metabolic disorders of the utilization of fat in muscles due to several different defects. In this review, a molecular update of LSMs is presented and recent attempts of finding treatment options are discussed.The main topics discussed are: primary carnitine deficiency, riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, neutral lipid storage disorders and carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency. The most frequent presentations and genetic abnormalities are summarized. We present their diagnosis utilizing biomedical and morphological biomarkers and possible therapeutic interventions. The treatment of these metabolic disorders is a subject of active translational research but appears, in some cases, still elusive.

Comparative Effects of Selected Underutilized Wild Beans on Plasma Lipid Profile and Liver Function of Rats Fed with High Fats Diet

Dietary fiber content of beans is known to be responsible in the management of metabolic syndrome by delaying the degree of glucose as fuels, changing fat utilization, and controlling appetite through increased satiety, thus lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hence some selected varieties of underutilized wild beans were evaluated to study their anti-lipidemic effects. Prior to this, attempts were made to ferment the non-digestible fractions of the beans with fermentable micro-organism and the respective gut metabolites were determined. Lipid profile result carried out in the blood showed high density lipoprotein to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high in Pakala group with a value of 2.2 ± 0.02 compared to other groups. While for low density lipoprotein (LDL); rats with Otili in their diet had the highest LDL with a value of 0.45 ± 0.01. However, the group of rats fed with Feregede had the least cholesterol level compared to other groups of rats fed with respective wild beans and the negative control group. Otili had the highest ALP with value of 89 ± 1.0. Otili group also had a significant lower value of both aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase. The biochemical indices reported in this study vary from one type of wild bean to another.

Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art.

Athletes competing in ultra-endurance sports should manage nutritional issues, especially with regards to energy and fluid balance. An ultra-endurance race, considered a duration of at least 6 h, might induce the energy balance (i.e., energy deficit) in levels that could reach up to ~7000 kcal per day. Such a negative energy balance is a major health and performance concern as it leads to a decrease of both fat and skeletal muscle mass in events such as 24-h swimming, 6-day cycling or 17-day running. Sport anemia caused by heavy exercise and gastrointestinal discomfort, under hot or cold environmental conditions also needs to be considered as a major factor for health and performance in ultra-endurance sports. In addition, fluid losses from sweat can reach up to 2 L/h due to increased metabolic work during prolonged exercise and exercise under hot environments that might result in hypohydration. Athletes are at an increased risk for exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) and limb swelling when intake of fluids is greater than the volume lost. Optimal pre-race nutritional strategies should aim to increase fat utilization during exercise, and the consumption of fat-rich foods may be considered during the race, as well as carbohydrates, electrolytes, and fluid. Moreover, to reduce the risk of EAH, fluid intake should include sodium in the amounts of 10–25 mmol to reduce the risk of EAH and should be limited to 300–600 mL per hour of the race.

Yo-Yo Dieting is Better than None.

See accompanying article, pg. 1733.

Is exercise best served on an empty stomach?

The objective of this review paper is to evaluate the impact of undertaking aerobic exercise in the overnight-fasted v. fed-state, in the context of optimising the health benefits of regular physical activity. Conducting a single bout of aerobic exercise in the overnight-fasted v. fed-state can differentially modulate the aspects of metabolism and energy balance behaviours. This includes, but is not limited to, increased utilisation of fat as a fuel source, improved plasma lipid profiles, enhanced activation of molecular signalling pathways related to fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and reductions in energy intake over the course of a day. The impact of a single bout of overnight-fasted v. fed-state exercise on short-term glycaemic control is variable, being affected by the experimental conditions, the time frame of measurement and possibly the subject population studied. The health response to undertaking overnight-fasted v. fed-state exercise for a sustained period of time in the form of exercise training is less clear, due to a limited number of studies. From the extant literature, there is evidence that overnight-fasted exercise in young, healthy men can enhance training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle metabolic profile, and mitigate against the negative consequences of short-term excess energy intake on glucose tolerance compared with exercising in the fed-state. Nonetheless, further long-term studies are required, particularly in populations at-risk or living with cardio-metabolic disease to elucidate if feeding status prior to exercise modulates metabolism or energy balance behaviours to an extent that could impact upon the health or therapeutic benefits of exercise.

The effects of nutrient timing on training adaptations in resistance-trained females

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pre- vs. post-workout nutrition on strength, body composition, and metabolism in trained females over 6 weeks of high intensity resistance training (HIRT). DesignForty-three trained females (mean±SD; age: 20.5±2.2 yrs; height: 165.2±5.7cm; body mass: 66.5±11.4kg) were measured for strength, body composition, and metabolic variables before and after a HIRT intervention. Participants were randomized using a 2:2:1 matched block randomization scheme by baseline leg press strength into a group that consumed a 1:1.5 carbohydrate-protein supplement (16g CHO/25g PRO) pre-training (PRE), post-training (POST), or no supplement (CON). MethodsDual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and percent fat (%fat). Strength was analyzed using a one repetition max on the leg and bench press (LP1RM and BP1RM, respectively). Participants completed HIRT twice per week for 6 weeks. At the first and last trainings, metabolic variables [resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory exchange ratio, RER] were measured. ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for any changes in body composition variables or LP1RM (p=0.170–0.959). There were significant differences for BP1RM (p=0.007), with PRE and POST experiencing greater increases than CON (p=0.010 and 0.015, respectively). REE changes were not significant between groups (p=0.058–0.643). PRE demonstrated greater fat oxidation (RER) at 30min post-exercise (p=0.008–0.035). ConclusionPeri-workout nutrition is potentially important for upper body strength and metabolism. PRE may be more effective for promoting fat utilization immediately post-workout.

PO-305 An 8-week, low carbohydrate, high fat, ketogenic diet enhanced exercise capacity through improved ketolysis and lipolysis in mice

PO-305 An 8-week, low carbohydrate, high fat, ketogenic diet enhanced exercise capacity through improved ketolysis and lipolysis in mice

Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption and Fat Utilization Following Submaximal Continuous and Supramaximal Interval Running

ABSTRACTPurpose: Few studies have directly compared excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and fat utilization following different exercise intensities, and the effect of continuous exercise exceeding 75% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on these parameters remains unexplored. The current study examined EPOC and fat utilization following acute moderate- and vigorous-intensity continuous training (MICT and VICT) and sprint interval training (SIT). Methods: Eight active young men performed 4 experimental sessions: (a) MICT (30 min of running at 65% VO2max); (b) VICT (30 min of running at 85% VO2max); (c) SIT (4 30-s “all-out” sprints with 4 min of rest); and (d) no exercise (REST). Excess postexercise oxygen consumption and fat oxidation were estimated from gas measurements (VO2 and carbon dioxide production [VCO2]) obtained during a 2-hr postexercise period. Results: Total EPOC was similar (p = .097; effect size [ES] = 0.3) after VICT (8.6 ± 4.7 L) and SIT (10.0 ± 4.2 L) and greater after both (VICT, p = .025, ES = 0.3, and SIT, p < .001, ES = 0.6) versus MICT (6.0 ± 4.3 L). Fat utilization increased after MICT (0.047 ± 0.018 g· min−1, p = .018, ES = 1.3), VICT (0.066 ± 0.020 g•min−1, p = .034, ES = 2.2), and SIT (0.115 ± 0.026 g•min−1, p < .001, ES = 4.0) versus REST (0.025 ± 0.018 g•min−1) and was greatest after SIT (p < .001, ES = 3.0 vs. MICT; p = .031, ES = 2.1 vs. VICT). Conclusion: Acute exercise increases EPOC and fat utilization in an intensity-dependent manner.