Fat Pad Volume Research Articles

Vascular volume determination of articular tissues in normal and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient rabbit knees.

The vasculature of diarthroidal joints has been well documented; however, the volume of vessels supplying different articular tissues is unknown. Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels from preexisting ones, is difficult to quantify in joints due to the unavailability of a suitable technique. Although angiogenesis is known to occur in rheumatoid arthritis, the development of new vessels following joint injury has not been ascertained. A vascular casting technique was developed using carmine red dye to measure the vascular volume of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), menisci, medial capsule, and infrapatellar fat pad of the rabbit knee joint. Vascular volume determinations were repeated at 4 weeks in a group of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-transected animals and in a sham-operated control group. The volume of vessels supplying the MCL was estimated to be 0.22 +/- 0.07 microliter (mean +/- S.E.M.), the LCL volume was 0.25 +/- 0.05 microliter, the medial meniscus volume was 0.19 +/- 0.03 microliter, the lateral meniscus volume was 0.40 +/- 0.08 microliter, the medial capsule volume was 0.14 +/- 0.05 microliter, and the infrapatellar fat pad volume was 1.90 +/- 0.62 microliters. Following ACL transection, angiogenesis was found to occur in the MCL only. All other tissue vascularities were not significantly different from sham-operated controls. A quantifiable method for measuring vascular volume of knee joint tissues has been described. Joint instability stimulates angiogenesis in the ipsilateral MCL; however, the absence of angiogenic activity in other articular tissues might help explain the lack of posttraumatic healing associated with these joints.

Bichat's fat-pad: correlations with some anthropometric parameters

SummaryThe primary aim of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between Bichat's fat-pad volume, visualized by ultrasonography, and widely used anthropometric measurements, in 60 women and 13 men, ranging in weight from 57 to 124·5 kg. The body of Bichat's fat-pad was significantly correlated with all anthropometric parameters, although the correlation was much stronger with weight (r = 0·94, p < 0·0001, women; r = 0·85, p = 0·0003, men) and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0·94, p < 0·0001, women; r = 0·91, p < 0·0001, men).

Temporal Contour Deformity After Coronal Flap Elevation

Temporal contour deformity is defined as a concavity or depression in the temporal region located superior to the zygomatic arch and immediately posterior to the lateral orbital rim. The deformity can present as a consequence of extended coronal flap elevation for exposure of the lateral craniofacial skeleton. This study describes the anatomical and pathological features of the deformity and identifies causative factors. The series consists of unilateral temporal contour deformities after coronal flap elevation in 6 patients. A standardized data sheet was used in documenting details of the initial temporal dissection, clinical findings, and radiological features. Elevation of the temporal soft tissues was based on a qualitative analysis of coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans comparing the affected and the unaffected temporal regions. The MRI studies demonstrated normal volume of the temporalis muscle in all cases, with no evidence of atrophy or disinsertion of the muscle. Diminution in the volume of the superficial temporal fat pad was identified in 4 patients, whereas inferior displacement or prolapse of the superficial temporal fat pad was noted in 2 patients.