Fat In Broiler Chickens Research Articles

Evaluation of Curcuma and Black Garlic Flour on Small Intestine Morphometrics, Carcass Weight, and Abdominal Fat of Broiler Chickens

Curcuma flour and black garlic have potential benefits for chicken digestive health. A healthy digestive tract will help the process of absorbing feed more optimally. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of curcuma flour and black garlic in feed on small intestine morphometrics, carcass weight, and abdominal fat in broiler chickens. The study used 200 broiler chicken day-old chicks (DOC) randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 4 replications, including P0 = 100% commercial ratio (control), P1 = P0 + 2% black garlic, P2 = P1 plus 0.25% curcuma flour, P3 = P1 + 0.50% curcuma flour, and P4 = P1 + 0.75% curcuma flour. The study employed a completely randomized design (CRD), and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences between treatments were further tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that supplementation with Curcuma flour and black garlic in feed did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption, slaughter weight, small intestine morphometrics, carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage. The results of this study indicate that the evaluation of Curcuma flour up to 0.75% and black garlic 2% in broiler chicken feed does not affect the activity of the small intestine, broiler carcass, and abdominal fat, as reflected in normal organ weights.

Feeding of glucomannans and anthocyanins combination in the containing microparticle protein on fat digestibility and fat deposition on broiler chicken

This study aims to evaluate the effects of combination of glucomannan and anthocyanin in feeds containing protein microparticles on fat digestibility and fat deposition in broiler chickens. The 216 healthy 7-day-old broiler chicks strain CP 707 was used with treatment of glucomannan from porang tuber extract and anthocyanins from purple sweet potato extract. The study was arranged by a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern with treatment consisting of 2 factors (A and B). In A, there were 3 glucomannan treatments, A1 (0%), A2 (0.05%) and A3 (0.1%), while in B contained 3 anthocyanin treatments, B1 (0), B2 (0.07%) and B3 (0.14%) with 3 replications. The measure was fat digestibility, precentage of abdominal fat and meat fat mass. The data were analyzed for variance at the 5% level and continued with Duncan's double test at the 5% level. The results showed that the addition of a combination of glucomannan and anthocyanin in the feed containing protein microparticles had an interaction (P<0.05) on fat digestibility, meat fat mass and relative weight of abdominal fat in broiler chickens. The addition of a combination of 0.1% glucomannan and 0.14% anthocyanin (A3B3) in the feed containing microparticle protein was able to reduce fat digestibility, relative abdominal fat weight and meat fat mass in broiler chickens.

Effect of partial and complete substitution of lupin meal for soybean meal in diets on changes in fatty acid composition of muscle fat in broiler chickens

The experiment aimed to determine the effect of 50% (LS50) or 100% (LS100) substitution of lupin protein (variety Zulika) for soybean protein in feed mixtures intended for the nutrition of broiler chickens, on muscular fat quality (composition of fatty acids). There were established three groups of chickens for fattening with 80 individuals each (control group C and experimental groups). After the 34-day fattening period chicken breast and thigh muscles were analysed to find out the fatty acid composition. Lupin protein-based diets had a positive effect on the muscle quality of fattened chickens due to changes in fatty acid composition, compared to soya protein-based diets. The feeding of lupin-based diets to broiler chickens resulted in the reduction of saturated fatty acids (P ≤ 0.05) by 14% in LS50 group and 17% in LS100 group and increase of unsaturated fatty acids (P ≤ 0.05) by 58% in LS50 group and 90% in LS100 group in muscle fat. The results clearly confirm that lupin-based diet increases the dietary value of chicken meat as one of the most important protein sources in human nutrition.

ADDITION OF PROPIONIC ACID ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND ITS EFFECT ON PRODUCTION AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER

This study was aimed to determine protein and crude fiber digestibility by adding propionic acid in rations and its effect on production and carcass quality broiler chicken. This research was carried out using 180-day old chicks (DOC) broiler chicken with Cobb strain. This research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and six replications for every treatment. The treatment in this study consisted of: T0 = ration without propionic acid; T1 = addition of 0.5% propionic acid in the ration; T2 = 0.75% addition of propionic acid in the ration. Parameters observed included crude protein, crude fiber digestibility, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, live weight, carcass percentage, and percentage of abdominal fat in broiler chickens. The results showed that the addition of 0.5% propionic acid had a significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein and crude fiber's digestibility in broiler chickens. Significantly increased feed consumption up to 2.29%; body weight gain up to 7.49 %, decreased feed conversion by 4.86%; increased body weight by 12.69%; carcass percentage by 4.12% and decreased 33% of abdominal fat broiler chicken. This research concludes that the addition of propionic acid in the ration at a dose of 0.5% could be increase the digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber rations, can improve the production performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens.

Role of Corticosterone in Lipid Metabolism in Broiler Chick White Adipose Tissue.

Excessive accumulation of body fat in broiler chickens has become a serious problem in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism of triglyceride accumulation in chicken white adipose tissue (WAT) has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the physiological importance of the catabolic hormone corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in chickens, in the regulation of chicken WAT lipid metabolism. We first examined the effects of fasting on the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes associated with WAT, plasma corticosterone, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). We then examined the effects of corticosterone on the expression of these genes in vivo and in vitro. In 10-day-old chicks, 3 h of fasting significantly decreased mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in WAT and significantly elevated plasma concentrations of NEFA. Six hours of fasting significantly increased mRNA levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in WAT and significantly elevated plasma concentrations of corticosterone. On the other hand, fasting significantly reduced mRNA levels of LPL in WAT and elevated plasma concentrations of NEFA in 29-day-old chicks without affecting mRNA levels of ATGL in WAT or plasma corticosterone concentrations. Oral administration of corticosterone significantly reduced mRNA levels of LPL and significantly increased the mRNA levels of ATGL in WAT in 29-day-old chicks without affecting plasma NEFA concentrations. The addition of corticosterone to primary chicken adipocytes significantly increased mRNA levels of ATGL, whereas mRNA levels of LPL tended to decrease. NEFA concentrations in the culture medium were not influenced by corticosterone levels. These results suggest that plasma corticosterone partly regulates the gene expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in chicken WAT and this regulation is different from the acute elevation of plasma NEFA due to short-term fasting.

Oxidative Stability, Carcass Traits, and Muscle Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Profiles in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens.

The objective was to elucidate the effects of chronic heat stress on carcass traits, muscle oxidative stability, muscle fatty acids and amino acid profiles in broiler chickens. A total of 100-day-old male Ross broiler chicks were divided into two equal groups of five replicates. The control group (TN) was maintained on a thermoneutral condition, while the experimental group (HS) was subjected to 8 h of heat stress (34 °C). The HS group showed lower dressing percentage and breast yield compared with the TN group (p = 0.040 and 0.042, respectively). Meanwhile, heat stress significantly increased the percentage of abdominal fat in broiler chickens (p = 0.001). The HS group showed significantly lower levels of PUFA (linoleic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic) in the breast (p = 0.003, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) and thigh (p = 0.001, 0.009 and 0.003, respectively) muscles than did the TN group. The levels of α-lenolinec acid in the breast and thigh muscles did not differ between both experimental groups (p = 0.818 and 0.060, respectively). With exception of threonine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, the levels of essential AA in the breast muscles were significantly (p ˂ 0.05) reduced in the HS group. The HS group showed significantly higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the breast muscles (p = 0.032). Meanwhile, the concentration of MDA in the thigh muscles did not differ between both experimental groups (p = 0.149). Furthermore, the HS group showed significantly lower superoxide dismutase and catalase in heart tissues (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, chronic thermal stress deteriorates carcass yield and the oxidative stability of breast muscles, as well as the levels of PUFA and essential AA in broiler chickens. However, the oxidative stability of thigh muscles was not affected.

Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Serum Indices and Meat Quality Properties of Broilers FED with Acanthophyllum Bracteatum

Background: The present study investigated the effects of different levels of Acanthophyllum bracteatum powder (ABP) on growth performance, carcass parts yield, blood serum indices, and meat quality in Ross 308 broilers. Methods: A total of 240 one-day-old male broilers were allocated into six dietary treatments, with 4 replicate pens and 10 birds per each pen. Six levels of supplemental ABP, at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/kg of the basal diet, were randomly combined to different experimental units, randomly. Results: The findings indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were affected by supplementation of ABP at 2.0 and 2.5 g/kg (p < 0.05) in the whole experimental periods. However, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was not affected by the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). It was also observed that the relative weight of abdominal fat decreased significantly by 2.0 g/kg ABP as compared to the control group (p = 0.038). Supplementation of ABP at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/kg decreased the total blood serum cholesterol (CHOL) and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), as compared to the control group, significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that incorporation of ABP into the diet, as a medicinal plant source, at 2.0 or 2.5 g/kg, might have some desirable effects on the productive performance, ileal microbiota, CHOL concentration and relative weight of the abdominal fat of broiler chickens. Keywords: Broiler chicken; Acanthophyllum bracteatum; growth performance; carcass yield; blood serum

CUTTING WEIGHT, PERCENTAGE OF CARCASS AND FAT ABDOMINAL CHICKEN BROILER fed WITH ADDITIONAL RED SWEET POTATOES POWDER (IPOMOEA BATATAS)

This study aims to examine the use of red sweet potato flour on slaughter weight, percentage ofcarcass weight, and abdominal fat in broiler chickens fed with additional red sweet potato flour. Thisresearch was conducted in April to May 2018, housed in the Raman Farm enclosure in Puosu JayaVillage, Konda District, Konawe Selatan District. The material used in this study was 64 weeks oldbroiler chickens, with 64 feed ingredients used as the concentrate, corn, bean, sweet potato flour. Theequipment used is a scale, a colony cage made of wire-lined wood and measuring 4m x 2m, which isdivided into 16 plots and the size of each 1m x 0.5m, each story is equipped with a place to eat anddrink, 40-watt incandescent balloons and other equipment such as scales, ovens, sample grinders,basins, plastics, and gutters. This study was designed using a complete randomized design with fourtreatments and four replications, where four treatments consisted of P0 basic ration (Control), P1:basic ration containing 4% red sweet potato flour, P2: elemental percentage containing 6% red sweetpotato flour, and P3: basic ration contains 8% red sweet potato flour. The variables observed in thisstudy were cutting weight, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. The results ofthe analysis of variance showed that the administration of red sweet potato flour had no significanteffect (P> 0.05) on the percentage of carcasses and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. Broiler chickenaged five weeks. It was concluded that the provision of different red sweet potato flour in feed did notsignificantly affect slaughter weight, carcass weight, and abdominal fat percentage of broilerchickens. There is a tendency for broilers fed with red sweet potato flour to have heavier cut weights,a more significant portion of carcasses and an increase in the level of red yam, and a decrease inabdominal fat content and the addition of red yam levels in the feed.

Effects of Fermentated Feed and Probiotic + Acidifier Supplements on Glucose Levels and Abdomen Chicken Fat Broiler

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding probiotic acidifier on the condition of the digestive tract, glucose levels and abdominal fat in broiler chickens. This research conducted in Takengon, Central Aceh District. The parameters observed were the condition of the digestive tract, blood glucose levels and the percentage of abdominal fat. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the use of a 1: 1 mixture of probiotics and acidifier to level 0. The 3% added to the commercial ration which was substituted with 10% fermented feed ingredients (R-KFPA) had no significant effect (P <0.05) on weight and percentage of Gizzard, Gizzard pH and Intestine pH, Intestinal Length, Weight and Percent of Abdominal Fat, as well as blood glucose levels in broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson weight and percentage of abdominal fat, as well as blood glucose levels of broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson weight and percentage of abdominal fat, as well as blood glucose levels of broiler chickens. Although statistically not significantly different, giving a mixture of probiotics and acidifier at the level of 0.3% (R4) showed a positive effect on decreasing the percentage of abdominal fat from 1.52% (R1) to 1.35% (R4). The blood glucose obtained in this study was slightly higher than normal blood glucose levels in chickens as reported by Swenson (1993), which ranges from 13 to 27 ml / dl or 130 to 270 mg / dl. It is suspected that this is due to increased digestive activity in chickens so that more nutrients are absorbed.

A review on the effect of L-carnitine supplementation in diets of broiler chickens

L-carnitine is a nutritional supplement having fat-burning property and plays important role in lipid metabolism, energy release, and also improve the production yield, immunity and blood constitutes. This paper reviews the effects of L-carnitine on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of broilers. According to the reviewed literatures, the application of L-carnitine(50-200 mg/kg) have not significant effect on the growth performance; however, using L-carnitine as much as 300-800 mg/kg resulted to an improvement in the body weight (2226-2575g) compared to the control chicks (1998.40-2338.75g). The feed conversion ratios of the chickens fed same amount of L-carnitine were 1.66-1.86g/g, which was improved in comparison with the control chicks (1.87-2.09). Abdominal fat of the broiler chickens fed 50-900 mg/kg L-carnitine were 0.98-1.75%, which is lower than the control chicks (1.79-2.16%). For immunity, the antibody titers against the Newcastle virus in the chickens fed 250 mg/kg L-carnitine were between 4.6- 5.5 which is more than control chicks (4.3-5.2). The antibody titer against the influenza virus in the chickens fed same amount of L-carnitine was between 5.6-6.3, which was more than the control chicks (4.3-5.8). The use of 100-600 mg/kg L-carnitine could reduce triglyceride (90-104.4 mgdL -1 ) compared to the control chicks (125-104.7 mg dL -1 ) and also reduced the cholesterol (109-115 mg dL-1) compared to the control chicks (129.25 to 131 mg dL -1 ). The application of 100-600 mg/kg L-carnitine also could reduce LDL from 19.1-72.2 mg dL -1 to 16.5-49.0 mg dL -1 . However, the application of 100-900 mg/kg L-carnitine had not significant effect on the sensory characteristics of broiler chicken meat. In general, it can be concluded that L-carnitine can use as a dietary supplement affective on the health of broiler chickens without any negative effect on growth performance.

ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ МЯСА И ПЕЧЕНИ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ В РАЦИОНЕ КОМПЛЕКСА ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ «ЗАСЛОН 2+»

The article presents results of the studies on chemical composition of femoral, pectoral muscles and liver of broiler chickens of Ross 308 cross when using “Zaslon 2+”additional nutrition complex to reduce the impact of toxins in the feed, since meat and liver quality of broilers is mainly determined by the content of protein and fat, the value of the resulting product depends these parametres. The tasks of the study included: specification of moisture, dry matter, protein, fat and leach in the muscles and liver of chickens. Broiler chickens of Ross 308 cross, which were raised up to 38 days were the object of the research. Two groups of 1-day old chickens were formed, 1000 heads in each, without gender division. The control group received the main diet, as for the experimental group, the main ration and a complex of additional nutrition were used at the dose of 0.5 kg per 1 ton of compound feed to reduce the effect of toxins in the feed. On the 14th, 21st and 38th days of the study, a control slaughter of chickens was carried out in order to study the chemical composition of bird muscles and liver. There was a decrease in the amount of moisture with an increase of dry matter, crude leach and protein, while the amount of fat in broiler chickens of the experimental group, where there was the main diet and “Zaslon 2+” deceased in comparison with the control group where only the main diet was used. It indicated positive influence of the studied feed additive of complex action on chemical composition of the muscle tissue and liver of broilers and improvement of dietary properties of the products

Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Deposition and Gene Expression Profiling of Abdominal Fat in Broiler Chickens

The aim of this study was to study the regulation of abdominal fat deposition by DL-α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) in broilers. Diets supplemented with 50 IU vitamin E significantly diminished abdominal fat deposition in broilers at day 35. Transcriptome sequencing results for abdominal fat tissues of the control (FC) and 50 IU vitamin E-supplemented (FT) groups identified 602 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were enriched in cellular process, cell and cell part, and binding Gene Ontology terms. Pathway functional analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in 42 metabolic pathways. Notably, the most enriched pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, was found to play a key role in lipid metabolism. Further, the key regulators of lipid metabolism, including fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1, demonstrated decreased expression following vitamin E supplementation. Herein, we have identified pathways and genes regulated by vitamin E, thereby providing novel insights into the nutrients regulating abdominal fat deposition in broilers.

High Fibre Diet Reduced the Energy Cost of Production and Abdominal Fat of Broiler Chickens

High Fibre Diet Reduced the Energy Cost of Production and Abdominal Fat of Broiler Chickens

PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN BONGGOL PISANG SEPATU (Musa paradisiaca L) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN LEMAK ABDOMINAL AYAM BROILER

THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF BANANA HUMP SHOES (Musa paradisiaca L) IN RATION ON THE PERCENTAGE OF CARCASS AND ABDOMINAL FAT IN BROILER CHICKEN. This study aims to determine the extent of the effect of using banana hump shoes (Musa Paradisiaca) in rations on carcass and abdominal fat in broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 100 unsexed Cobb broiler chickens (PT. Charoen Pokhpand), with an average body weight of 837 grams. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Arrangement of the experimental treatment as follows: R₀= 55% corn + 0% banana hump shoes, R₁= 50% corn + 5% banana hump shoes, R₂= 45% corn + 10% banana hump shoes, R₃= 40% corn + 15% banana hump shoes. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P>0,05) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat in broiler chickens. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the use of banana shoe hump in rations up to 15% produces a good percentage of carcass and abdominal fat. Keywords: broiler chicken, banana hump shoes, percentage of carcass and abdominal fat.

L-Arginine supplementation enhances growth performance, lean muscle, and bone density but not fat in broiler chickens

This study evaluated the effects of crystalline arginine (Arg) on performance and body composition in male broilers. A total of 600 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments and 6 replicates of 20 birds. The treatments were given as a percentage of the Ross 308 requirement, and defined as 70, 80, 90, 100 (Ross 308 requirement), and 110% of Arg. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated at 10, 24, and 42 d. Bone growth was measured from 7 to 11 d using mineral apposition rate (MAR) technique. At 42 d, 2 birds per pen were euthanized for bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition measurement using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and liver gene expression and muscle diameter size analysis. The means were subjected to ANOVA and, when significant (P ≤ 0.05), were compared by Dunnett's test. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate trends of Arg dose response. Birds fed 70 and 80% of Arg had lower BWG than the ones fed 100% of Arg (P < 0.001), with quadratic effects for all phases (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.94). The 70% of Arg group showed lower FI compared to 100% from 11 to 24 d and 1 to 42 d (P < 0.009), with quadratic and linear effects (P < 0.049, R2 > 0.72), respectively. The 70% of Arg group showed higher FCR compared to 100% (P < 0.0001) with quadratic effects (P < 0.002, R2 > 0.94) for all periods. At 42 d, the 70% of Arg group showed lower BMD, tissue, and lean muscle percentage than 100% of Arg. There was a quadratic effect of Arg levels on lean muscle (P = 0.046, R2 = 0.89). Therefore, the dietary supplementation with Arg is necessary as it leads to an overall body growth with increased lean deposition and BMD, without increasing fat accretion in Ross 308 broiler chickens.

Microsatellite Markers Linked to Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Fatness in Divergently Selected Chicken Lines for Abdominal Fat

Abdominal fat characters are complex and economically important in the poultry industry. Their selection may benefit from the implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objective of this study was to identify the markers linked to QTL responsible for fatness traits. The Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) were used in the study. A total of 596 individuals from the divergent tails from the 6th to the 10th generations were genotyped at 23 microsatellite markers on chromosome 1. The differences of allele frequencies of all marker alleles between the divergent tails across the five generations were recorded. The allele frequencies of five markers, including LEI0209, LEI0146, MCW0036, ADL328 and MCW0115, had significant differences between the two tails in all five generations. The resulting p-values using Fisher's exact test on eleven markers, containing MCW248, MCW0010, MCW0106, LEI0252, LEI0068, MCW0018, MCW0061, LEI0088, MCW200, MCW283 and ROS0025, had a decreasing tendency from the 6th to the 10th generation. Statistical analysis showed that polymorphisms of the eight markers, including LEI0209, LEI0146, ROS0025, MCW0115, MCW0010, MCW0036, MCW283, ADL328, were significantly (p<0.0011) or suggestively (p<0.05) associated with abdominal fat content (AFW and AFP) across generations. It is concluded that the eight markers could be associated with the QTL affecting the deposition of abdominal fat in broiler chickens.

Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat Reduces Skin Fat as Well as Abdominal Fat in Broiler Chickens

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary fatty acid profiles on the main fat depots of broiler chickens: skin including s.c. fat (SK) and abdominal fat pad (AF). One hundred forty-four female broiler chickens were fed a low-fat diet (B; 0.5% of added fat) or diets supplemented with 10% of tallow (T), sunflower oil rich in oleic acid (SOO), sunflower oil rich in linoleic acid (SOL), linseed oil rich in linolenic acid (LO), or a mix of fats (M: 55% of T + 35% of LO + 10% SOL) that contained one-third each of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The animals were housed in 36 cages and were randomly distributed into 6 dietary treatments with 6 replicates each. Experimental diets were evaluated for apparent total fatty acid availability and AME. On d 42, birds were slaughtered to determine the weight of AF and SK and fatty acid profile. Regarding the diets containing 10% added fat, the highest saturated diet (T) resulted in the lowest values of apparent total fatty acid availability and percentage of AME. Animals fed the most polyunsaturated diet (LO) had a lower SK deposition than those fed the saturated diet, on both an absolute (LO: 145 vs. T: 159 and M: 168 g; P < 0.001) and a relative basis (LO: 6.94 vs. T: 7.39 and M: 7.52 g/100 g of BW; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the lowest AF depot was observed in the LO diet (LO: 26.3 g vs. T: 37.6 and M: 39.9 g; P < 0.001). The added fat treatments caused significant but similar changes in fatty acid profile of both studied tissues. In conclusion, feeding broiler chickens polyunsaturated fatty acids, in comparison to dietary saturated fatty acids, reduced the amount of both AF and SK by approximately 30 and 9%, respectively.

Assessment of De-Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Different Mixtures of Beef Tallow and Soybean Oil

4 Abstract: Replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been consistently shown to reduce the amount of abdominal fat in broiler chickens, but the metabolic basis for this effect is unknown. It was hypothesized that the feeding of PUFA instead of SFA would inhibit whole-body de novo fatty acid synthesis. As indexes of de novo fatty acid synthesis, we used the concentration of plasma triacylglycerols and minimum fatty acid synthesis calculated as fatty deposition minus digestible fatty acid intake. Broiler chickens were given one of five diets in which the beef tallow component, which is rich in SFA, was replaced by increasing amounts of soybean oil, which is rich in PUFA. The variable fat content of the diets was 3% (w/w). There were neither significant nor systematic effects on weight gain and feed:gain ratio. The amount of abdominal fat was reduced significantly when about 75% of the tallow was replaced by soybean oil, but there was no further decrease after the incorporation of more soybean oil into the diet. The decrease in abdominal fat was associated with a decrease in the level of plasma triacylglycerols, but it was not associated with minimum de novo fatty acid synthesis in the whole body.

Energy Expenditure by Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Various Blends of Beef Tallow and Soybean Oil

Replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been consistently shown to reduce the amount of abdominal fat in broiler chickens, but the metabolic basis for this effect is unknown. It was hypothesized that the feeding of PUFA instead of SFA would induce more heat expenditure, this effect being associated with less deposition of abdominal fat. Broiler chickens were given one of five diets in which the beef tallow component, which is rich in SFA, was replaced by increasing amounts of soybean oil, which is rich in PUFA. The variable fat content of the diets was 3% (w/w). There were neither significant nor systematic effects on weight gain and feed:gain ratio. The amount of body fat was reduced significantly (p<0.05) when about 75% of the tallow was replaced by soybean oil, but there was no further decrease after the incorporation of more soybean oil into the diet. Calculated energy expenditure, either expressed as absolute amount or percentage of intake, trended to enhance but was not significantly affected by the amount of soybean oil in the diet.

Influence of amount and type of dietary fat on deposition, adipocyte count and iodine number of abdominal fat in broiler chickens

This study described the relation between the type and amount of dietary fat on the deposition of abdominal fat by broiler chickens. It was hypothesized that at higher fat intakes, the well-known lowering effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the deposition of abdominal fat would be diminished. Experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of added fat (3%, 6% and 9%). Each level had different proportions of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) by installing the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 with the use of tallow and soybean oil. Arbor Acres chicks, aged 7 days, were fed one of the 15 experimental diets until they were aged 42 days. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. There was no systematic effect of the dietary fat type and the amount on the weight gain and the feed intake. The lowest SFA:UFA ratio of 1:5 produced the lowest feed conversion rates, irrespective of the amount of the fat in the diet. The abdominal fat deposition was similar in the birds fed on diets containing either 3% or 6% added fat, but deposition was lower than in those fed 9% fat. A decrease in the SFA:UFA ratio of the diet was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in abdominal fat, irrespective of the amount of fat in the diet. This observation leads to the rejection of the hypothesis stated above. A decrease in the dietary SFA:UFA from 1:1 to 1:4 caused a decrease in the number of the fat cells per surface unit of breast meat. It is concluded that an increased intake of soybean oil at the expense of tallow reduced the abdominal fat deposition and the number of fat cells in the breast meat of broiler chickens.