Fat Industry Research Articles

Development of Oil Industry in Poland in the Context of the European Union.

Oil industry is developing well in Poland. This study aimed to examine the development of the Polish oil industry after joining the European Union. The following questions were asked: What were the changes in the consumption of vegetable oils in Poland after EU enlargement in 2004? How did the production of vegetable oil change in Poland after EU enlargement in 2004? And has the liquidity of the Polish oil industry changed after EU enlargement in 2004? First, the changes in the oil industry were evaluated. This research proved the development of the fat industry. We used the regression model to analyze the impact of chosen factors on the economic situation of the oil industry in Poland. Rapeseed is the main source of oil for the edible oil and biodiesel industry. High prices of rapeseed increased the sown area of rapeseed. The production of crude rapeseed oil changed from 520.1 thousand tons in 2005 to 1440 thousand tons in 2023. Biofuels made from rapeseed oils are called first generation. Poland's production of refined rapeseed oil changed from 386.5 thousand tons in 2005 to 541 thousand tons in 2023. These numbers confirm the development of edible oil and biofuel production. The gross profit increased from PLN 133 mln in 2005 to PLN 443.8 mln in 2023. The net profit of the fat industry increased from PLN 110 mln in 2005 to PLN 381.6 mln in 2023. The oil industry is characterized by high investment, which reached the level of PLN 232.9 mln in 2023. The investment rate in 2023 was PLN 1.96 %. The changes observed in the rapeseed market after Poland joined the EU affected the performance of vegetable oil and biofuel producers. The regression analysis proved the hypothesis that the monthly consumption of rapeseed oil is the main factor influencing the oil industry situation in Poland. The oil industry is important to the development of the whole economy. Particular attention should be paid to current liquidity, which is why a constant supply of money from sold oil and biodiesel is needed to cover costs.

Oil and fat industry of the Eastern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: growth reserves, economic potential

The aim is to study the trends and problems of development of the oil and fat industry of the East Kazakhstan region. Methods - statistical-economic in the study of phenomena and processes occurring in the oil-fat segment, calculative-constructive - to identify possible alternative directions of increasing the volume of production of the oil-fat subcomplex in the future, abstractlogical - to analyze the current situation in the oil-fat sector of the region, comparative - to compare the indicators of economic activity of this food industry by different criteria depending on the final objectives. Results - on the basis of statistical information and other official sources the questions concerning the produced agricultural products, their processing and the sphere of trade in finished goods were considered, at that, the final main product is edible and technical vegetable oils. Conclusions - detailed monitoring allowed to reveal the reasons restraining the expansion of the oil and fat industry in the region, in particular, limited provision of necessary raw materials, low percentage of utilization of production capacities of oil refineries, insufficient supply of high quality seeds. Measures to stabilize the output of oil and fat products have been proposed. These are, first of all, the use of innovative technologies in the production cycle, the formation and functioning of various integrated structures in the agro-industrial complex, which will increase the efficiency of enterprises and solve the issues of food security of the country. High-technology and equipment of advanced brands will significantly reduce the cost of processed products, and cooperation of producers with the support of service centers will make it possible to increase the sown areas of this oilseed crop. It is necessary to use innovative technologies, the implementation of which will contribute to the production of high-quality environmentally friendly food products that are in demand in domestic and foreign markets.

Последствия распространения коронавируса COVID-19 и новых штаммов для развития агропромышленного комплекса и потребительского рынка

The COVID-19 pandemic has become an example of the implementation of global biological threats, which are positioned as challenges to the economy, including the agricultural sector. The subject of the study was changes in food production and in the consumer market for agricultural products amid the consequences of the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus and potentially dangerous new strains. Since the volume and structure of agricultural exports can serve as indicators of overcoming the challenge to the agro-industrial complex from the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, including in conjunction with the influence of the sanctions policies of Western countries, the object of the study was changes in the main indicators of exports of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation at the federal and regional levels for first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Changes in the main indicators of exports of agricultural products were studied both at the federal and regional levels, using the example of agricultural enterprises in the Voronezh region, for the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. As a background for studying the subject field of indicators for overcoming the challenge to the agro-industrial sector from the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the field of food production and in the consumer market for agricultural products were identified and studied. An overview of the main exporting companies in the Voronezh region is presented for the following types of products: grains (wheat, corn, barley); meat and dairy products (pork and pork by-products, beef, butter); products of the oil and fat industry (sunflower oil, cakes, mustard oil). The priority trend for the Russian Federation is the development of deep processing of crop products, in particular grain crops. The basis is the trend of growing consumer demand for food products of plant origin, including those that imitate traditional meat and dairy products. A trend has been noted for the production and consumption of organic products, the implementation of which will contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products in the domestic and foreign markets. An important factor in increasing the competitiveness of domestic food in the global and domestic markets is the expansion of production of organic crop and livestock products based on a single unified database of agricultural land that meets the legally established requirements for this category of products.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА СУБЪЕКТОВ МАСЛОЖИРОВОГО ПОДКОМПЛЕКСА РЕГИОНОВ СИБИРСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА В УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОЭКСПОРТА

The paper is devoted to the current problem of the export and raw materials model of development of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of state support for subjects of the oil and fat subcomplex of the regions of Siberia and assess its impact on the development of export activities. Objectives of the study: analysis of trends in the development of the oil and fat subcomplex in the regions of the Siberian Federal District (SFO) and characterization of the current state of export activities; assessment of the impact of state support on the development of production and export of oil and fat subcomplex products in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The study presents a ranking of the Siberian Federal District entities by the level of export potential of the agro-industrial complex; a strategic portfolio analysis of the agroexport of the Siberian Federal District for 2019–2021; the dynamics of sown areas, gross harvest of oilseeds and spring rape, production of vegetable oils and their fractions, export of oil and fat products of the entities of the Siberian Federal District. Using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Region, current measures to support oilseed production are considered and an assessment is made of the impact of government funding on the efficiency of oilseed production. A conclusion is made about the dependence of the efficiency of small-scale production on budget financing of the sub-sector. The main attention is paid to the need to develop processing and deep processing of oilseeds in the regions of Siberia. Measures are proposed to support the development of the oil and fat subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the Siberian Federal District in a number of areas, as well as strengthening their financial support. According to the authors, the organization of high-tech production facilities in the oil and fat industry will make it possible to fully realize the export potential of the oil and fat subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of Siberia.

Leaves of Allium cepa and Xylopia aethiopica fruits as potent sources of natural antioxidant for stabilization of viscera FISH oil during accelerated storage

The present study investigated the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of two local plants and their capacities to preserve the quality of viscera fish oil during storage. The total phenolic, total flavonoids and tannins contents were analyzed by colorimetry, the preliminary antioxidant tests done and identification of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD (Diode Array Detector) and ESI-MS. After these evaluation, the plant extracts were added in viscera fish oil at concentration 200–1000 ppm. The oxidative stability of these fish oil samples was evaluated by measuring their qualities indices during 16 days at 70 °C. Here, oils were collected at the day 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. The total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins contents in Xylopia aethiopica fruits were 15.62 g Eq acid galic/100g of dry extract, 10.85 mg Eq quercetin/100g of dry extract and 0.79 mg Eq cathechin/100 mg of dry extract. Those of Allium cepa leaves were 6.85 g Eq acid galic/100g of dry extract, 1.50 mg Eq quercetin/100g of dry extract and 0.11 mg Eq cathechin/100 mg of dry extract. All the methanolic extracts exhibited antioxidant activity. The results recorded after FRAP assay revealed the low IC50 (12.87 mg/mL) in Allium cepa extract compared to that of Xylopia aethiopica extract (44.90 mg/mL). These local plants contain many classes of phenolic compounds and they can be used in oil and fat industries as alternative of synthetic antioxidants.

Determination of the cellulose- and lipid-containing components influence on the extrudate technological indicators

The effect of cellulose- and lipid-containing components on the technological parameters of the extruded mixture based on protein- and starch-containing raw materials on the technological parameters of the extrudate was studied. The use of components that modify such technological indicators of the extruded mixture as water resistance and swelling is substantiated. It is proposed to use sunflower husks and sunflower phosphatide concentrate as modifying additives to the mixture for extrusion. A rational ratio of the specified components in the extrudate was established to obtain indicators of water resistance in the range of 220...300 min and swelling in the range of 100...120 %. This is an important aspect of expanding the range of extruded products from the waste of oil and fat industries and obtaining high-quality competitive products. The object of the study is the dependence of water resistance and swelling of the extruded mixture on the content of modifying additives. Their rational ratio in the extrudate is: sunflower husk – 6.0 %; sunflower phosphatide concentrate – 5.0 %. The manufactured extrudate sample corresponds to commercial fish feed in terms of chemical composition and technological parameters, and also has a 4 times lower cost. A feature of the obtained results is the possibility of regulating the water resistance, swelling and porosity of the extrudate based on protein- and starch-containing raw materials, depending on the ratio of cellulose- and lipid-containing modifying additives. This allows to change the technological parameters of the finished product depending on the chemical composition of the mixture of raw components according to the requirements of the consumer. The results of the conducted research prove that cellulose- and lipid-containing secondary products of production can be successfully transformed into new competitive products

Recommendations on the Development of a Hazard Register for Assessing the Level of Risks in the Field of Occupational Health and Safety at Food Industry Enterprises

The results of research on the implementation of the requirements of the ISO 45001 standard in the field of hazard identification and occupational risk assessment to ensure safe working conditions, preservation of life and health of employees of Kazakhstani food industry enterprises are presented. The Deming-Shuhart cycle «Plan-Do-Check-Act» is proposed as a methodology. It has been established that documentation of the hazard identification procedure and risk assessment is carried out through the development of Hazard and Risk Registers. The Register of Identified Hazards for the oil and fat industry enterprise «Shymkentmay» JSC, the Register of Identified Hazards in the production of meat products of «Karkyn-2030» LLP, the Register of Identified Risks for the operator of the ice cream production line of «Balmuzdak» LLP were developed as examples. Identification of hazards makes it possible to form a Risk map for each employee of enterprises that are taken as objects of research, depending on the existing hazards of a particular workplace. On the basis of such a map, an assessment of each risk is carried out with the establishment of its significance in three categories – high, medium and low. Depending on the established significance of the risk, preventive measures are being developed that allow to prevent the risks of occupational diseases and occupational injuries. The developed documents and completed activities serve as proof of compliance with the requirements of the ISO 45001 standard for monitoring, measurement and improvement of the occupational health and safety management system when confirming compliance with the requirements of this standard.

Technological and Hardware Scheme for Processing Oil and Fat Industry Waste for the Production of Petroleum Sorbents

A technological scheme for the production of petroleum sorbent from sunflower husks using the enzyme preparation Agroprot has been developed. The volume of raw materials required for the production of sorbent was calculated to ensure a production capacity of 1000 tons/year in the Orenburg region. For the given production capacity, the amount of waste, the volume of hardware, the required amount of heat and energy are determined. The hardware design of the production process based on the selected technology is proposed. It was concluded that the resulting sorbent has characteristics useful to the consumer and, in comparison with competitive solutions existing on the market, has a low cost with a high sorptive capacity for petroleum products.

Повышение эффективности экспорта масложировой продукции регионов Сибири

The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of export of oil and fat products from the regions of Siberia (Siberian Federal District (SFD)). The analysis of the current state of exports of fat and oil products from the regions of SFD is carried out. The article examines the dynamics and structure of exports of fat-and-oil products of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District, as well as the impact of state regulation of the fat-and-oil industry in the Russian Federation. The ranking of the regions of Siberia according to the degree of their influence on export revenue from the sale of fat and oil products is presented, the analysis of the geography of exports is given. Conclusions are drawn that, under certain conditions and for certain territories of the Russian Federation, state regulation measures for the oil and fat industry are not sufficiently effective to achieve their goals. The formed export-raw material model of economic development of the fat-and-oil subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of Siberia is accompanied by a number of difficulties for existing exporters. The author focuses on the need to develop the processing of oilseeds in the regions of Siberia. In the Siberian Federal District, it is potentially effective to develop its own processing of oilseeds, changing the structure of agricultural exports, increasing the volume of sales of fat and oil products of medium and high technological conversion.

Study of the process of obtaining fuel briquettes from production waste

Wastes from the coal industry, the oil and fat industry, and the processing of agricultural products can be turned into high-quality fuel raw materials. In this regard, research and development is underway in many countries, the results of which are new types of fuel. the results obtained, based on a scientifically based approach to the selection of effective compositions of organomineral components, made it possible to develop effective compositions of coal briquettes; Based on the research results, optimal compositions of effective coal briquettes based on organomineral ingredients from local raw materials and industrial wastes have been developed.

Technical and economic efficiency of processing acidic wastewater from the oil and fat industry into necessary agricultural products

Technical and economic efficiency of processing acidic wastewater from the oil and fat industry into necessary agricultural products

FIRE HAZARD AT ENTERPRISES OIL AND FAT INDUSTRY

FIRE HAZARD AT ENTERPRISES OIL AND FAT INDUSTRY

Risks Analysis of the Implementation of Sustainable Solution for the Oil and Fat Industry Waste Recycling

Risks Analysis of the Implementation of Sustainable Solution for the Oil and Fat Industry Waste Recycling

Improving the technology of waxes obtaining from oil and fat waste

The object of the research is the extraction of waxes from the waste of the oil and fat industry – spent perlite. As a result of oil winterization, a significant amount of spent filter powders is formed, the disposal of which poses a danger to the environment. At the same time, winterization waste contains a significant amount of oil and wax, which are important components of many types of products. Oil and wax extraction involves the use of volatile, fire-hazardous solvents. An urgent task is to develop new safe and effective technologies for obtaining oils and waxes from winterization waste. The technology of extracting waxes from spent perlite, obtained as a result of winterization of sunflower oil, which involves treatment of perlite with sodium chloride solution, was investigated. Perlite was used according to SOU 15.4-37-210:2004 (CAS Number 93763-70-3) with indicators: mass fraction of fat – 20.1 %, peroxide value – 19.5 ½ O mmol/kg, acid value – 3.5 mg KOH/g. The temperature of mass settling after treatment with sodium chloride is 20 °C, the duration – 10 hours. The following rational conditions for perlite processing using sodium chloride were determined: the concentration of dry sodium chloride (by weight of perlite) – 35.0 %, the duration of mass boiling – 30 minutes. Under these conditions, the experimental value of the saponification value of the obtained wax was 120.5 mg KOH/g. Wax quality indicators: melting point 71.5 °C, acid value 1.6 mg KOH/g, mass fraction of moisture 0.63 %. The obtained results make it possible to obtain high-quality waxes from the waste of the oil and fat industry using a safe and affordable substance (sodium chloride). This will make it possible to avoid the need for waste disposal and increase the profitability of oil and fat enterprises due to obtaining valuable products from production waste

Oil and fat industry of the East Kazakhstan region: growth reserves

The goal is to monitor the current state and prospects of the oil and fat subcomplex of the East Kazakhstan region, to determine the reasons that impede its development. Methods – balance sheet, abstract-logical, statistical-economic, monographic. Results – using the example of the Eastern region, oilseed production and the fat and oil industry have been analyzed over the past five years. Sectoral, regional, socio-economic aspects of the functioning of the oil and fat industry are considered. The sown areas, yields, gross harvest of the main oilseeds (soybeans, sunflower, safflower, rapeseed, flax), volumes of fat and oil products, use of the average annual production capacity of enterprises for the production of vegetable oils are shown. Based on the study, factors reducing the rate of intensification of the oil and fat subcomplex were identified. The main ones are the reduction in crop area, gross output, lack of raw materials and, as a result, the low level of processing. Conclusions – it is necessary to take a set of measures to stabilize the market for oilseeds and processed products in the Eastern region of the country, providing agricultural sector with government assistance in the form of subsidies and loans without collateral at low interest rates; establishing a duty on the export of sunflower seeds for a longer period; formation of integrated structures; creation of advanced training centers for agricultural producers on the basis of research institutes and universities in the East Kazakhstan region. Solving the issues related to expanding the activities of oil and fat enterprises and supplying the population of the region with oil and fat products in the required quantities is one of the main tasks of the state. It is necessary to use innovative approaches to the technological process, the implementation of which will make it possible to produce a high-quality environmentally friendly food product that is in demand in the domestic and foreign markets.

LOGISTICS SUPPORT OF THE DOMESTIC MARKET OF OIL CROP AND OIL

The article examines the main results of logistical support of the domestic market of oilseeds and oil. The dynamics of shipments of oil crops and their processing products through the ports of Ukraine during the 2020/21 marketing year (MY) were analyzed. It was determined that the share of sunflower oil in the structure of the shipment occupies a significant specific weight, in contrast to rapeseed and soybean oil, where the main product of the shipment was rapeseed and soybean. The indicators of transshipment of vegetable oil during 2019–2021 were studied (with a cumulative total by month), which indicate that although the situation improved in 2020 compared to 2019, but in 2021 compared to 2020, transshipment volumes significantly decreased. The indicators of transshipment of vegetable oil by types of stevedoring companies of all forms of ownership were analyzed in terms of shipping directions in 2021 compared to 2020. The most powerful ports of Ukraine were determined based on transshipment results and their specific weight, as well as key shipping directions. The dynamics of transportation of oil-fat complex cargoes by railway transport was analyzed. It was revealed that in the structure of railway transportation of sunflower seeds for the period 2018–2021, priority was given to internal communication, and in the structure of transportation of vegetable oil, the export route traditionally prevailed. The main problems related to the implementation of railway transportation, including those related to the activities of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia”, are highlighted. The measures, the practical implementation of which will allow for an increase in the volume of cargoes transportation of oil and fat industry and processing products, are justified, and will also contribute to the improvement of logistics support in the market of oilseeds and oil in general.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF PLANT-BASED DRINK "CHOCOLATE" BASED ON AMARANTH FLOUR

The paper presents the factors that contribute to the development of the plant-based milk production industry in Ukraine, shows the prospects for the development of this segment of the market during the next decade in the country, outlines the segment of Ukrainians who are potential consumers of the target product - "plant-based milk". Based on the analysis of literary data, the relevance and expediency of processing amaranth flour as a raw material with high nutritional and biological value, which is produced today in Ukraine by enterprises of the oil and fat industry, into plant-based beverages, is substantiated. The technology of processing amaranth flour into a plant-based drink "Chocolate" using natural raw ingredients based on amaranth flour, developed during research at LLC "Khmilnytskyi dry skimmed milk plant "Molochny Visit", is presented. The process of production of the target product is detailed in the form of a vector scheme; all are described stages of the technological process of the production of ultra-pasteurized herbal drink "Chocolate" with a detailed justification of technological parameters. The industrial approbation of the developed technology of the herbal drink "Chocolate" using natural raw ingredients based on amaranth flour was carried out at LLC "Khmilnytskyi dry skimmed milk plant "Molochny Visit". The indicators of the quality of the produced drink were determined - organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological. The evaluation of the organoleptic indicators of the herbal drink "Chocolate" produced in production conditions according to the developed recipe and innovative technology proved that they correspond to those of the herbal drinks presented today on the consumer market of Ukraine: the taste of the drink is rich, sweet, with a taste of cocoa and a light nutty aftertaste; the consistency of the drink is homogeneous, with a slight sediment at the bottom of the container; the color is pronounced brown, uniform throughout the entire mass of the drink. The microbiological indicators of the herbal drink "Chocolate" meet the requirements of industrial sterility, which guarantees its safety for the consumer. It is recommended to take the physico-chemical indicators of the produced drink "Chocolate" as a basis when developing regulatory documentation for the product.

DIRECTIONS OF USE OF FOOD AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY WASTE

Every year, there is more and more waste on our planet. This leads to soil, water and air pollution, which negatively affects people’s health and quality of life. Therefore, the task of reducing production and consumption waste, as well as choosing effective directions for their use, becomes urgent. During the production of food products, waste is mainly of plant and animal origin. The main types of waste generated at processing and food enterprises have been determined: in the fruit and vegetable and canning industry – apple, berry and vegetable pomace, as well as vegetables and fruits that cannot be processed as the main product; in the grain processing industry – wheat bran; in the sugar industry – molasses, pulp; in the dairy industry – whey; in the oil and fat industry – husks, cakes, etc. It is noted that the most valuable waste is sold abroad or processed into food products. The list of products by areas of use (food, medicine, chemical industry, fertilizers, cosmetic industry, animal feed, fertilizer, energy) that can be obtained from organic waste is given. The types of waste, which are valuable raw materials for chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic production, and energy production, have been determined. It is substantiated that in modern conditions in Ukraine it is necessary to intensify the use of waste from processing and food industries as energy carriers – for the production of solid biofuel (briquettes, pellets), biogas, etc. This will help compensate for the lack of energy resources due to damage to traditional energy facilities during Russia's hostilities against Ukraine. However, there is still a large amount of waste in Ukraine that is buried or poured into the sewers, which causes pollution of water bodies, soils and emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. With a comprehensive approach and a joint solution to the problem of waste management of various industries, it is possible to ensure the saving of raw materials, the creation of new jobs, and the protection and improvement of the environment.

Исследование физико-механических и химических свойств комбикормов с погонами дезодорации для осетровых рыб

Breeding sturgeons in aquaculture is the only way to preserve them as a raw material for fish food products today. In this regard, not only the need for the development of commercial sturgeon breeding is obvious, but also the importance of research aimed at studying and developing optimal modes of industrial cultivation of different species of sturgeon. The aim of the work is to expand the range of compound feed for sturgeons, at the expense of unused reserves for expanding the food base, which are by-products of the oil and fat industry, in particular, deodorization cuts. Based on the study of the classical technology for obtaining feed for valuable fish species and eliminating its shortcomings, a technology has been developed for the production of pseudo-encapsulated feed with a content of more than 20% fat in it and vitamins adapted for various types of sturgeons grown in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. In the proposed technology for the production of feed for valuable fish species, pseudocapsulation of granules with fat absorbers with oil and fat waste, for example, deodorization cuts, is carried out in a plate granulator. On the basis of the studies performed, it was found that in order to introduce an increased fat content of deodorization cuts (more than 20%) into the composition of pseudoencapsulated compound feed, it is necessary to use fat absorbers, which can be recommended as silicon dioxide aerosil. When using silicon dioxide aerosil, it is possible to ensure the inclusion of up to 20-30% fat of deodorization cuts in the feed composition in a ratio of 1:4, without worsening the technological properties of the finished product.

STUDY OF THE SAFETY INDICATORS OF OILSEED CAKES

The purpose of this research is the use of secondary raw materials of oil and fat industry enterprises, oilseed cake, for the development of new enriched food products with increased biological and nutritional value. The objects of research were flaxseed, soybean, peanut, and pumpkin oilcake obtained based on an experimental production workshop for the processing of oilseeds. This article presents the results of organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological indicators, the content of toxic elements, the content of heavy metals, and the energy value of the studied cakes for further use in the development of bakery, confectionery, and pasta products was determined. All indicators do not exceed the requirements established by regulatory documents. According to the results of the research, high content of proteins from 29.6 in peanut and up to 37.5 in pumpkin oilcake was revealed; toxicity in rabbits was not detected, cadmium, mycotoxins, Bacteria of the Escherichia coli group BECG (coliforms), yeasts, molds were not detected; other toxic elements, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (NMAFAM), heavy metals do not exceed the allowable limits.Domesticoilseed processing by products can enable the reuse of materials in the supply chain as they add value to food, reduce costs, promote economic growth, and reduce the risks associated with their disposal in the environment.