Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels Research Articles

No role of the third-trimester inflammatory factors in the association of gestational diabetes mellitus with postpartum cardiometabolic indicators

BackgroundThe influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on postpartum cardiometabolic indicators is primarily restricted to glucose and lipid metabolism, however the indicators for liver and kidney function have been rarely explored, and the role of the third-trimester inflammatory factors in these associations has never been investigated.MethodsBased on the Ma’anshan birth cohort (MABC), women with or without GDM history were selected and invited to participate in a 6-year postpartum follow-up. The fasting blood samples were collected to measure 16 comprehensive metabolic indicators during a 6-year postpartum follow-up: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), etc. Seven inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-17 A, were measured with serum samples collected during the third trimester of pregnancy. Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between GDM and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators, GDM and third-trimester inflammatory factors, and the third-trimester inflammatory factors and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators. Mediating and moderating effect analyses were further performed to explore if the third-trimester inflammatory factors mediate or modify the association between GDM and postpartum cardiometabolic indicators.ResultsFrom July 2021 to August 2022, 307 participants have been followed up, with 99 women with a prior GDM history. Compared with those without GDM, individuals with a prior history of GDM had significantly elevated levels of FPG (β = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.62, PFDR < 0.001), HbA1c (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.34, PFDR = 0.009), TyG (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.37, PFDR = 0.024) at 6 years postpartum, and the association between GDM and SCR (β = 2.43, 95% CI: 0.02 to 4.85, PFDR = 0.144) reached nominal significance level. GDM history was associated with a decreased level of third-trimester IL-17 A (β = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.18, PFDR = 0.035). No significant association between third-trimester inflammatory factors and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators was observed. And no mediating or moderating effect of third-trimester inflammatory factors was observed in those associations.ConclusionA prior history of GDM was significantly associated with elevated FPG, HbA1c, and TyG in women at 6 years postpartum, whereas third-trimester inflammatory factors had no role in mediating or moderating these associations.

Weight loss, glycolipid profile changes in type 2 diabetes patients after esophagectomy: a propensity score matching analysis

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common co-morbidity in patients who receive esophagectomy and has unfavorable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients. This study examines how weight and glycolipid metabolism change in patients with T2DM following esophagectomy.MethodsThis retrospective, one-center, observational analysis with a propensity score matching analysis (PSM) included 114 patients who underwent esophageal surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force from 2017 to 2020, which were separated into T2DM group and Non-T2DM group. Weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured and analyzed before and after the operation.ResultsTwo groups showed similar reductions in weight and BMI after surgery. In the T2DM group, weight decreased from 63.10(10.31) before surgery to 55.10(11.60) kg at 6 months (P < 0.001) with BMI decreasing from 22.67 (2.90) to 19.77 (3.48); While in the Non-T2DM group, weight decreased from 61.42 (8.46) to 53.19 (9.26) kg at 6 months after surgery with BMI decline from 22.49 (2.77) before operation to 19.45 (3.08) at 6 months after surgery. Fasting plasma glucose levels showed a significant decrease (P = 0.035) in the T2DM group at a six-month point of 7.00 (2.21) mmol/L compared to preoperative levels of 7.67 (2.32) mmol/L. HDL levels increased significantly in the Non-T2DM group at six months postoperatively at 1.52 (0.05) with P < 0.001 compared to preoperative levels of 1.22(0.04) mmol/L. TG, LDL, and TC levels decreased significantly in both groups from the preoperative to the 6-month point.ConclusionsEsophagectomy induces weight loss in T2DM and Non-T2DM groups, improves long-term glucose metabolism in the T2DM group, and enhances lipid metabolism in both groups. Further research is needed to understand their mechanisms.

Abstract PO4-12-12: An Updated analysis of risk factor identification and Hyperglycemia prevention with alpelisib + fulvestrant in PIKC3A-mutated, hormone-receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor-2 negative advanced breast cancer

Abstract Background: SOLAR-1 investigated use of alpelisib (ALP) + fulvestrant (FLV) in patients (pts) with hormone-receptor positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor-2 negative (HER2-), PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer (ABC) after progression on endocrine-based therapy and demonstrated a clinically significant increase in all-grade (G) and G3-4 hyperglycemia (HG) compared to placebo + FLV. Current guidance recommends an insulin sensitizer (metformin, thiazolidinedione, SGLT2i) at HG onset. Given high rates of HG, a preventative protocol and identification (ID) of associated risk factors (RFs) was implemented to minimize HG, dose reductions and discontinuation. Although METALLICA investigated the implementation of metformin for hyperglycemia prophylaxis, there is limited data for alpelisib use and hyperglycemia prevention in high risk or controlled type 2 diabetic patients. Duke Breast Oncology Clinic (DBOC) implemented a preventive strategy to minimize HG and treatment disruptions in patients receiving alpelisib, including pre-diabetic and controlled-diabetic patients. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included pts receiving at least one 28-day cycle of ALP+FLV between June 2019 and April 2023. One week prior to ALP initiation, pts initiated an insulin-sensitizer. Pts had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels drawn on day 8, 15, 28, and monthly while on ALP. The primary outcome was incidence of G2-4 HG. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize results. Number of RFs for HG (age ≥ 65 years, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, baseline FPG ≥ 100 mg/dL, and A1c ≥ 5.7%) were compared between pts with and without HG using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results A total of 30 pts (29 females; 1 male) were included with a median age of 60 years. The cohort was 70% White, 23% Black, while 67% were overweight/obese, and 50% had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes, or pre-diabetes. 29 pts received a CDK4/6 inhibitor prior to starting ALP. By day 28, 13 pts (43%) had G2-4 HG, with only 4 (13%) having G3 HG and zero having grade 4. Pts with G2-4 HG had a median of 2 RFs compared to only 1 RF if no HG. 8 pts (27%) required a temporary hold of ALP and 5 pts (17%) required a dose reduction in ALP due to HG. 25 pts permanently discontinued ALP; 14 due to disease progression and 8 due to an adverse event with only 3 due to HG. Median duration of ALP was 86 days (range 24-442), with 5 pts continuing to receive ALP at time of analysis. Patients with grade 2-4 HG by day 28 after ALP initiation had an older median age (66 years), higher BMI (median 28.1 kg/m2), higher baseline FPG (median 100 mg/dL), and higher baseline HbA1c (median 5.6%) compared to those without grade 2-4 HG (Table). Conclusions: Implementation of a HG prevention protocol with ALP in the real-world setting demonstrated fewer G3-4 HG events compared to that seen in SOLAR-1 (13% vs 36.6%) but slightly higher than METALLICA (6%) although we included a higher risk patient population. An increase in HG-associated RFs correlated with a higher incidence of G2-4 HG. Early risk identification and optimization of prophylactic antihyperglycemics can reduce ALP dose reductions and discontinuations secondary to HG. ALP use in higher-risk patients can be considered with a HG prevention protocol. Table 1. Hyperglycemia outcomes Citation Format: Heather Moore, Sarah Burnette, Emily Poehlein, Hui-Jie Lee, Kelly Westbrook, Thomas Bagwell, Kervin Novido, Susan Dent. An Updated analysis of risk factor identification and Hyperglycemia prevention with alpelisib + fulvestrant in PIKC3A-mutated, hormone-receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor-2 negative advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-12-12.

Effect of aerobic exercise (skipping) on the levels of fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and some apolipoproteins in male students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria

Effect of aerobic exercise (skipping) on the levels of fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and some apolipoproteins in male students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria

Does Serum Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio Predict Mortality Risk in Patients With Heart Failure?

Previous studies have established a positive correlation between serum uric acid to creatinine (SUA/Cr) ratio and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between SUA/Cr ratio and the prognosis of heart failure (HF) remains unknown. This study investigated the potential of SUA/Cr ratio as a prognostic predictor for patients with HF. This single-center prospective cohort study enrolled 2,122 patients with HF between March 2013 and June 2017. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to SUA/Cr ratio tertiles and were followed up with until December 31, 2022. The association between SUA/Cr ratio and the prognosis of HF was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The mean (SD) age and mean (SD) SUA/Cr ratio of the study cohort (66% male) were 59.3 (14.7) years and 4.71 (2.09), respectively. During a median follow-up period of 15 months (range, 11-26 months), 390 end-point events were observed. Prognosis analysis revealed that a high SUA/Cr ratio was associated with an increased mortality risk of HF (hazard ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.26-2.09]; P < .001) compared with the SUA/Cr ratio in the lowest tertile. After adjusting for covariates, the hazard ratio for mortality risk of HF was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.23-2.37; P = .001). Subgroup analysis showed that mortality risk increased in direct proportion with the SUA/Cr ratio in female patients, patients with a history of hypertension and β-blocker use, and patients with UA levels below 428 μmol/L and creatinine levels less than 97 mg/dL. Stratification by age; by history of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking; and by level of fasting plasma glucose, however, had no obvious effect on the association between SUA/Cr ratio and HF prognosis. Patients with higher SUA/Cr ratios had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. A high SUA/Cr ratio was an independent risk factor for the mortality risk of HF.

Association Between the G82S Polymorphism of theReceptor Gene for Advanced Glycation End-products andSoluble Serum Levels RAGE with Diabetic Nephropathy inthe White (Asian) Race.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common severe symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia can lead to tissue damage and inflammation due to mediators such as receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the G82S polymorphism of the RAGE gene and diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients. In this case-control study, 356 participants (158 men and 198 women) of Asian race, aged 45 to 65 years, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on their fasting plasma glucose levels were enrolled. DNA was isolated from the participants' blood samples and genotyped using TETRA -Primer ARMS-PCR. Serum protein concentration of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Although we found differences in genotyping of participants between homozygous AA and GG and heterozygous GA in the studied groups, the differences were not significant (P = .568). In addition, we found no significant correlation between the G82S polymorphism of RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Serum levels of sRAGE were only slightly decreased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with diabetic patients (P > .05). The results of this study indicate no significant association between the G82S polymorphism in the gene RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Serum levels of sRAGE were only slightly decreased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to diabetic patients without nephropathy. Therefore, the study suggests that there is probably no association between the G82S polymorphism in the gene RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7872.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical, Biochemical, and Polysomnographic Characteristics in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been a significant contributor tomortality all across the globe. The most attributing factors to pathogenesis are metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and so on,but the indicators of its early detection are still elusive. The study aimed to compare the clinical, biochemical, and polysomnographic characteristics of type 2 diabetes patients with and without OSA. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology Unit of Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. A total of 584 patients with type 2 diabetes were assessed using the Berlin questionnaire, with 302 fulfilling the criteria for a high risk of OSA. Out of 302 patients who met the criteria for the high-risk category, 110 patients underwent a sleep study. Three hundred and two patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Atotal of 110 patientsunderwent a sleep study, of which68 (61.8%)had evidence of OSA. The waist-to-hip ratio was considerably higher in the OSA patients than in the non-OSA group (1.09vs 0.930, p = 0.001). HbA1c >7%was found in 58.8% of OSA patients contrary to 38.1% of non-OSA patients. Fasting plasma glucose levels (>126 mg/dl) were identified in a substantially larger proportion of OSA patients than the non-OSA patients (64.7% vs 45.2%, p = 0.04). Similarly, peripheral neuropathy was found more commonly in the OSA patients than in the non-OSA patients (47% vs. 26.1%, p = 0.02). Prevalence of retinopathy, nephropathy, coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease did not differ significantly between the two groups. OSAfrequently occurs among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prompt identification of OSA within this demographic is imperative to pinpoint those at an elevated risk of succumbing to conditions such as peripheral neuropathy, the exacerbation of glycemic control, and the onset of unmanaged hypertension. Moreover, there exists a positive correlation between the waist-to-hip ratio and the prevalenceof OSAin persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus, highlighting the critical role of waist-to-hip ratio assessments in this patient population.

First-trimester fasting plasma glucose level is also associated with post-partum frank type 2 diabetes not just gestational diabetes mellitus

First-trimester fasting plasma glucose level is also associated with post-partum frank type 2 diabetes not just gestational diabetes mellitus

MAFLD and glomerular hyperfiltration in subjects with normoglycemia, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: Across-sectional population study.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD, 2020 diagnostic criteria) and glomerular hyperfiltration share common risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. To assess the prevalence of MAFLD and its association with glomerular hyperfiltration and age-related worsening of kidney function in subjects with normoglycemia, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We analysed data recorded during occupational health visits of 125,070 Spanish civil servants aged 18-65years with a de-indexed glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated with the chronic-kidney-disease-epidemiological (CKD-EPI) equation (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) ≥60mL/min. Subjects were categorised according to fasting plasma glucose levels <100mg/dL (normoglycemia), ≥100 and ≤125mg/dL (prediabetes), or ≥126mg/dL and/or antidiabetic treatment (T2DM). The association between MAFLD and glomerular hyperfiltration, defined as a de-indexed eGFR above the age- and gender-specific 95th percentile, was assessed by multivariable logistic regression. In the whole study group, MAFLD prevalence averaged 19.3%. The prevalence progressively increased from 14.7% to 33.2% and to 48.9% in subjects with normoglycemia, prediabetes and T2DM, respectively (p<0.001 for trend). Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for the association between MAFLD and hyperfiltration was 9.06 (8.53-9.62) in the study group considered as a whole, and 8.60 (8.03-9.21), 9.52 (8.11-11.18) and 8.31 (6.70-10.30) in subjects with normoglycemia, prediabetes and T2DM considered separately. In stratified analyses, MAFLD amplified age-dependent eGFR decline in all groups (p<0.001). MAFLD prevalence increases across the glycaemic spectrum. MAFLD is significantly associated with hyperfiltration and amplifies the age-related eGFR decline.

Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels and Longitudinal Motor and Cognitive Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus have been identified as poor prognostic factors for motor and nonmotor outcomes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), although there is some controversy with this finding. In the present study, we investigated the effects of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels on longitudinal motor and cognitive outcomes in PD patients. We included a total of 201 patients who were diagnosed with PD between January 2015 and January 2020. The patients were categorized based on FPG level into euglycemia (70 mg/dL < FPG < 100 mg/dL), intermediate glycemia (100 mg/dL ≤ FPG < 126 mg/dL), and hyperglycemia (FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL), and longitudinal FPG trajectories were analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling. Survival analysis was conducted to determine the time until motor outcome (Hoehn and Yahr stage ≥ 2) and the conversion from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment. Among the patient cohort, 82 had euglycemia, 93 had intermediate glycemia, and 26 had hyperglycemia. Intermediate glycemia (hazard ratio 1.747, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.083-2.816, p = 0.0221) and hyperglycemia (hazard ratio 3.864, 95% CI 1.996-7.481, p < 0.0001) were found to be significant predictors of worsening motor symptoms. However, neither intermediate glycemia (hazard ratio 1.183, 95% CI 0.697-2.009, p = 0.5339) nor hyperglycemia (hazard ratio 1.297, 95% CI 0.601-2.800, p = 0.5078) demonstrated associations with the longitudinal progression of cognitive impairment. Diabetes mellitus, defined by self-reported medical history, was not related to poor motor or cognitive impairment outcomes. Our. suggest that both impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia could be associated with motor progression in PD patients.

Меtformin-associated maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes - a retrospective cohort study.

To assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM treated with metformin, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) or insulin. The current retrospective cohort study includes data from 233 women diagnosed with GDM who gave birth between January 2017 and January 2019 at an obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Sofia, Bulgaria. Patients were assigned to three groups, according to the treatment approach - metformin group (n = 70), insulin group (n = 40), and MNT group (n = 123). Values of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) have been evaluated at diagnosis of GDM and the third trimester of pregnancy. A comparative analysis of pregnancy outcomes and short-term neonatal characteristics in the investigated groups has been performed. Women indicated for pharmacological treatment (metformin or insulin) had significantly higher BMI (p < 0.01), FPG (p < 0.001), and HbA1c levels (p < 0.001) at baseline. However, during pregnancy, patients treated with metformin showed a significantly lower BMI (p < 0.01), FPG (p < 0.01), and HbA1c (p < 0.01). Neonates born to metformin-treated mothers had lower birth weight compared to those born to women in the MNT and insulin groups (metformin vs MNT, p < 0.001; metformin vs insulin, p = 0.03). The lowest incidence of newborns with macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia has been observed in the metformin cohort. Not a single newborn with an Apgar score under 7 has been identified in the metformin group. According to the current analysis, women with GDM treated with metformin demonstrated better maternal and neonatal outcomes. No short-term complications in newborns have been associated with metformin use during pregnancy.

Effect of Additional Prebiotics on Glycemia and Lipid Profile in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

This study was conducted to determine the effect of prebiotic fiber intake on glycemia and lipemia in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM). Over a 8-week period, 14 individuals with Type 2 DM between the ages of 20-50 with a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 25 kg/m² were randomly assigned to either an intervention group, in which participants were given additional prebiotic fiber with diabetic diet (n = 8, consuming 10 g/d of oligofructose-enriched inulin to diabetic diet) or to a control group, in which participants were given only with a diabetic diet (n = 6, consuming only diabetic diet). Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (Total-C), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) values were measured at the beginning and end of the study. There was no significant difference between the initial and last measurements in HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HDL-C values only in the diabetic diet group (p&gt;0.05); whereas FPG, TG, Total-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels decreased (p

Effect of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant on plasma insulin and glucose levels, risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis

Background and aimThe impact of the loss-of-function (LOF) genetic variant PCSK9 R46L on glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains uncertain, despite its established correlation with diminished blood cholesterol levels. This meta-analysis aimed at exploring the effect of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant on plasma insulin and glucose levels, risk of diabetes mellitus and CVD. Methods and resultsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for cohort and case–control studies published until October 1, 2023. The studies should report the association of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant with one of the following: fasting plasma insulin, blood glucose levels, diabetes mellitus, and CVD risk. A dominant model of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant was employed to statistical analysis. The meta-analyses were performed for continuous variables with standard mean difference (SMD), categorical variables with odds ratio (OR) using a random-effects model. A total of 17 articles with 20 studies engaging 1,186,861 population were identified and mobilized for these analyses. The overall results indicated that, compared with non-carriers of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant, carriers of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant did not increase or decrease the levels of fasting plasma insulin (3 studies with 7277 population; SMD, 0.08; 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.19; P = 0.270), and the levels of fasting plasma glucose (7 studies with 9331 population; SMD, 0.03; 95% CI, −0.08 to 0.13; P = 0.610). However, carriers of the PCSK9 R46L genetic variant indeed had 17% reduction in the risk of CVD (11 studies with 558,263 population; OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.98; P = 0.030), and 9% increase in the risk of diabetes mellitus (10 studies with 744,466 population; OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.14; P < 0.01). Meta-regression analyses indicated that the increased risk of diabetes mellitus and the reduced risk of CVD were positively correlated with reduction in LDL-C (P = 0.004 and 0.033, respectively). ConclusionsPCSK9 R46L genetic variant exhibited an elevated susceptibility to diabetes mellitus alongside a reduced vulnerability to CVD.

Genetic underpinnings of fasting and oral glucose-stimulated based insulin sensitivity indices.

Insulin sensitivity (IS) is an important factor in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and can be estimated by many different indices. We aimed to compare the genetic components underlying IS indices obtained from fasting and oral glucose-stimulated plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. We computed 21 IS indices, classified as fasting, OGTT0,120 and OGTT0,30,120 indices, using fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) data in two cohorts. We used data from a family cohort (n=313) to estimate the heritability and the genetic and phenotypic correlations of IS indices. The population cohort, Inter99 (n=5,343), was used to test for associations between IS indices and 426 genetic variants known to be associated with T2D. Heritability estimates of IS indices ranged between 19% and 38%. Fasting and OGTT0,30,120 indices had high genetic (ρG) and phenotypic (ρP) pairwise correlations (ρG and ρP: 0.88 to 1) The OGTT0,120 indices displayed a wide range of pairwise correlations (ρG: 0.17-1.00 and ρP: 0.13-0.97). We identified statistically significant associations between IS indices and established T2D-associated variants. The PPARG rs11709077 was associated only with fasting indices, and PIK3R rs4976033 only with OGTT0,30,120 indices. The variants in FAM63A/MINDY1, GCK, C2CD4A/B, and FTO loci were associated only with OGTT0,120 indices. Even though the IS indices mostly share a common genetic background, notable differences emerged between OGTT0,120 indices. The fasting and OGTT based indices have distinct associations with T2D risk variants. This work provides a basis for future large-scale genetic investigations into the differences between IS indices.

Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Lactobacillus plantarum has been shown to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in mouse models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it remains unclear whether such benefits extend to humans. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to clarify the effect of L.plantarum supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM and prediabetes. The PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled mean difference with 95% CI (confidence interval). L.plantarum supplementation reduced the levels of fasting plasma glucose (-0.41, 95%CI -0.63,-0.19mg/dL; n=5) and hemoglobin A1c (-0.2, 95%CI:-0.3, 0%; n=4). A non-statistically significant tendency towards improvements in the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (MD:-0.74, 95%CI:-1.72, 0.25; n=3), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-6.87; 95%CI:-15.03, 1.29mg/dL; n=3), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: 1.34; 95%CI:-0.78, 3.46mg/dL; n=3), triglyceride (MD:-3.90; 95%CI:-11.05, 3.24mg/dL; n=3), and total cholesterol (MD:-4.88; 95%CI:-11.84, 2.07mg/dL; n=3) was observed with the supplementation. In summary, while the evidence from the currently available RCTs provides a crude indication that L.plantarum supplementation might improve glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM and prediabetes, the benefits of the supplementation are likely subtle, and its clinical significance requires further investigation.

Effect of fasting plasma glucose level in severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome patients without diabetes.

Hyperglycemia is correlated with worse in-hospital outcomes in acute infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). This study assessed the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and in-hospital mortality, disease type, and secondary infections among individuals with SFTS without preexisting diabetes. The clinical data and laboratory results upon admission of 560 patients with SFTS without preexisting diabetes meeting the inclusion criteria at Wuhan Union Hospital were collected. FPG levels in surviving patients with SFTS subjects were significantly lower than those in patients with SFTS who had died (P<0.0001). In multivariate Cox regression, high FPG level (≥11.1 mmol/L) was a risk factor independently associated with the in-hospital death of patients with SFTS without preexisting diabetes. Similarly, the FPG levels in general patients with SFTS were significantly lower than those in patients with severe SFTS (P<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression identified high FPG level (7.0-11.1 mmol/L) as a risk factor independently associated with SFTS severity. While FPG levels were comparable between patients with SFTS with and without secondary infection (P = 0.5521), logistic regression analysis revealed that high FPG levels were not a risk factor for secondary infection in patients with SFTS without preexisting diabetes. High FPG level on admission was an independent predictor of in-hospital death and severe disease in individuals with SFTS without preexisting diabetes. FPG screening upon admission and glycemic control are effective methods for improving the prognosis of patients with SFTS.

The efficacy of multi-disciplinary lifestyle modifications in Taiwanese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients.

Lifestyle modification is the standard of care for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a short-term lifestyle modification program in the disease course of Taiwanese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with paired biopsies. All patients received a 6-month, strict multidisciplinary program of lifestyle modifications led by physicians, dieticians, and nursing staff. The histopathological and clinical features were assessed. The endpoints were normalization of transaminase levels, metabolic parameters, a decrease in the NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥1, and a decrease in the fibrosis stage ≥1. We also aimed to elucidate the predictors associated with disease progression. A total of 37 patients with biopsy-proven NASH were enrolled. The normalization of transaminase levels increased from 0% to 13.5%. There were also significantly increased proportions of patients with normal total cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin A1c levels. Fifteen (40.5%) patients had an increased NAS ≥1, whereas 10 (27.0%) patients had NAS regression. Twelve (32.4%) patients had increased fibrosis ≥1 stage. Only 2 (5.4%) patients experienced fibrosis regression. A high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was associated with NAS progression. Older age and higher transaminase and FPG levels were factors associated with fibrosis progression. Seven (18.9%) patients achieved a body weight reduction >3%, and 4 (57.1%) of them experienced NAS regression. No significant effect of weight reduction on the progression of fibrosis was observed. The short-term lifestyle modification program significantly decreased liver enzymes and metabolic parameters in NASH patients. A more precise or intensive program may be needed for fibrosis improvement.

Association Between Maternal Fasting Glucose Levels Throughout Pregnancy and Preschoolers' Refractive Errors.

We aimed to investigate the association between maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) trajectories during pregnancy and children's refractive errors at 6 years of age. Based on the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) in China, a total of 1987 mother-child pairs were included in this study. Using the group-based trajectory model, trajectory fitting was performed on FPG levels during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Children's vision was measured at 6 years of age using the standard logarithmic visual acuity E-chart and cycloplegic refraction examination. Logistic regression models and multi-informant generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between maternal blood glucose level and 6-year-old children's visual acuity. Children born of mothers with high level FPG trajectory had a higher risk of developing refractive error (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46 [95% CI: 1.08, 1.97]), hypermetropia (OR = 1.64 [95% CI: 1.09, 2.46]), and astigmatism (OR = 1.60 [95% CI: 1.06, 2.41]) at age 6 compared to those with low level trajectory. Maternal blood glucose level in the first (β = -.012 [95% CI: -.024, -.001]) and the second (β = -.016 [95% CI: -.025, -.006]) trimesters was associated with 6-year-old children's distance vision value. High level of FPG trajectories during pregnancy has been observed to be associated with 6-year-old children's refractive error, hypermetropia, and astigmatism. The first and the second trimesters may be critical periods for the effects of maternal blood glucose on children's vision. The long-term effect of maternal glucose metabolism on children's visual development deserves further study.

Predictive Effects of Early Pregnancy Lipid Profile and Fasting Plasma Glucose on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus's (GDM's) prevalence in Sri Lanka ranges from 5.5% to 11.5%. It is associated with maternal and perinatal complications, emphasizing the need for early screening and intervention. This study aims to determine the predictive effect of early pregnancy lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose for GDM. It is a prospective cohort study of 172 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary hospital in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Prediction was derived by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in multivariable logistic regression, assessing lipid and glucose effects on GDM risk. The study included 172 participants (mean age: 29.84±5.38). GDM's prevalence was 16.9%, and 57.14% of these mothers were obese. Significant differences in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values were observed between the first visit and at 24-28 weeks. GDM mothers showed elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Triglyceride (TG) levels correlated significantly with FPG at the Point of Assessment (POA), identifying a 0.945 mmol/L cutoff with 75% sensitivity and 77.1% specificity. Logistic regression confirmed a significant TG-GDM relationship. There is an association between FPG levels measured in early pregnancy and the likelihood of developing GDM later on. Specifically, when FPG levels in early pregnancy surpass a cutoff value of 3.94 mmol/L, there is an increased risk of GDM, indicated by an OR of 3.81 Conclusion: Early pregnancy FPG and TG levels are potential markers for predicting GDM. FPG shows higher predictive efficacy than TG. Total cholesterol, LDL, andhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) lack predictive ability.

Muscleness and fatness phenotypes for diabetes and hypertension prediction from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17

Introduction: diabetes and arterial hypertension are increasing in adults, where calf circumference and waist circumference are two clinical epidemiological markers poorly studied for predicting cardiometabolic risk. Objective: to characterize four phenotypical models in the Chilean adult population based on muscleness and fatness using both calf circumference and waist circumference outcomes. Methodology: An epidemiological observational cross-sectional representative study based on the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17, where four phenotypes groups were analyzed; Low skeletal muscle mass and high-waist circumference (Lsmm-Hwc, n=140), low skeletal muscle mass and low waist circumference (Lsmm-Lwc, n=242), high skeletal muscle mass and high waist circumference (Hsmm-Hwc, n=1076), and high skeletal muscle mass and low waist circumference (Hsmm-Lwc, n=1358). These groups described information about diabetes, hypertension prevalence, including other risk factors. Results: the reference group Hsmm-Lwc group showed lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG) vs. Hsmm-Hwc (90,4 [95%CI] [89,0; 91,8] vs. 111,7 [109,1; 114,3]), and vs. Lsmm-Hwc (90,4 [89,0; 91,8] vs. 118.,3 [107,2; 129,4] mg/dL, both P&lt;0,0001). Lower levels (i.e., appropriate) of FPG (R2 4,8 %), glycated hemoglobin (R2 2,6 %), systolic BP (R2 19,0 %), and diastolic BP (R2 2,5 %) were significantly associated (all, P&lt;0,0001) with the Reference group Hsmm-Lwc. Conclusion: A high muscleness and low fatness phenotype is present in those who are younger adults, is associated with better glucose/blood pressure control, and reports low cardiovascular risk factors for diabetes and hypertension in Chilean adults