Fasting Blood Sugar Values Research Articles

Glycaemic Status in Acute Stroke in Nondiabetic Patient

Background: Elevated blood glucose is common in the early stage of stroke. Besides, blood glucose level increases during acute stroke in nondiabetic patients.
 Objective: Objective of the study was to assess the glycemic status during acute stroke in nondiabetic patients, find the rate of newly developed diabetes during acute stroke and rate of newly developed Impaired Fasting Glucose, Impaired Glucose Tolerance during acute stroke.
 Methods: The purposive sampling method was used to identify the patients and by proper history taking, documentary papers and laboratorial support evidenced by HbA1c level less than 6.5% (This means patient to be non diabetic). Data were collected from 100 patients. It was conducted from August, 2018 to February, 2019 in the Department of Medicine of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. The data were collected through questionnaire ,pre-tested earlier and data collection sheet illustrating the glycemic status during acute stroke among the nondiabetic patients.
 Results: While analyzing the lab investigations among the respondents, mean HbA1c level was found 5.69± 0.65 mmol/L level which was found normal among the entire patient group. Patients Fasting Blood Sugar(FBS) was tested and mean FBS level was 5.94±0.86. In 62% of the patients, IFG was found, and in 12% of patients, FBS value was found to be diabetic while 26% showed normal glycemic status. Average OGTT(2 hours after 75 gm glucose) impression was 8.53± 2.02 mmol/L. OGTT level was normal among 30%, 54% patients had IGT and 16% of the respondents were found diabetic.
 Conclusion: The study finds that, in patients with no history of diabetes who have acute stroke, may develop moderately elevated glucose levels which may affect short term and long term stroke related morbidity and mortality.
 J MEDICINE JAN 2021; 22 (1) : 22-26

Lipid profile in androgenetic alopecia

ObjectiveThe aim of this work is to evaluate lipid profile in patients with androgenetic alopecia and to correlate their levels with disease severity.BackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of alopecia which is an androgen hormone-dependent process with continuous miniaturization of hair follicles in both genetically predisposed men and women. Lipids are a broad group of naturally occurring molecules. AGA has been found to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The well-known risk factors of CAD are family history of CAD, hypertension, increased BMI, central obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia.Patients and methodsThis case–control study was carried out on 30 men with early-onset AGA and 30 age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects as the control group. All patients were subjected to full history taking, general examination, and laboratory investigations (fasting blood sugar and blood lipid profile).ResultsOur results showed no significant difference between cases and controls regarding age and sex. There were statistically significant differences regarding mean values of body weight, waist circumference, and BMI between cases and controls. There were statistically significant differences regarding mean values of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between cases and controls.ConclusionPatients with AGA appear to be at an increased risk of developing CAD and high blood lipids.

Validation of Indian Diabetes Risk Score for Screening Prediabetes in West Tripura District of India.

Background:Viswanathan Mohan and his team have developed “Indian Diabetes Risk Score” (IDRS) for identifying the Indians at risk for developing diabetes and prediabetes. Due to heterogeneity of Indian population, this risk score needs further validation in different parts across the country.Objectives:The objective is to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of IDRS for screening prediabetes in West Tripura District.Methodology:It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in West Tripura district during January 1, 2018–December 31, 2019 among 325 self-declared nondiabetic individuals, selected by multistage sampling. Fasting blood sugar value was used as the gold standard to validate IDRS. Data were collected using a validated and pretested interview schedule. Data entry and analysis were performed in computer using SPSS-24. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to validate IDRS.Results:Among the study individuals, 19% and 6.5% were identified as prediabetic and diabetics, respectively. Optimum sensitivity of 83.13% and specificity of 82.64%, with positive and negative predictive values 62.16% and 93.45%, respectively, were observed at an IDRS score of ≥60 for identifying prediabetes and diabetes in this study population. IDRS showed good accuracy with an area under ROC curve of 0.832 (95% confidence interval: 0.77–0.88).Conclusion:IDRS is found to be a valid tool for screening prediabetes at community level in West Tripura district of India.

Comparison of acquired and lifelong premature ejaculation and predictive values of acquired premature ejaculation in clinical presentation: A clinical study

Aim: Premature ejaculation is the most common form of male sexual disease observed clinically. In spite of this, the etiologic factors and disease pathophysiology are still not fully understood. This study compares the most frequently observed premature ejaculation forms to investigate the effective predictive factors in the occurrence of this disease.Materials and Methods: The clinical records of a total of 109 patients were retrospectively investigated for two types of premature ejaculation with 64 patients in the lifelong group and 42 patients in the acquired group. The study included demographic data like age, marital status and body mass index (BMI), parameters like metabolic syndrome (metS) components according to the cholesterol study group of blood triglycerides, high density (HDL) cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar and measured testosterone. Additionally, the internationally ejaculation latent time(IELT), premature ejaculation- diagnostic tool (PE-DT), internationally prostate symptom score (IPSS), internationally index of erectile function (IIEF) and premature ejaculation (PE)anxiety scoring forms were included in the study.Results: Among demographic data, there were statistical differences between the ages in the groups (30.6±7.7 vs 44.4±10.1, respectively, p 0.001). Additionally, fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and testosterone values were statistically different between the groups (p0.001) and these values were worse in the acquired PE group. Hypertension rates were higher in the acquired PE group compared to the lifelong PE group (9 (21.4%) vs 5 (7.8%), p0.001). The IIEF score was lower in the acquired PE group (p0.001). Logistic regression analysis found age and FBS were independent predictive factors [Odds ratio (ODs); 1.144 and 1.044, respectively]. ROC analysis found the cut-off points and AUC values for age and FBS were 36.5 yearsand0.856 and 102.5 gr/dl and 0.746, respectively.Conclusion: The association of metS components, LUTS and acquired PE was constant. In light of these findings, different from lifelong PE, there is benefit to orienting toward the causes of this disease primarily for treatment of acquired PE.

Association of Serum Uric Acid Levels with Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in a Saudi Adult Population

Background: This study aimed to investigate the possible relations between serum uric acid (UA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a Saudi adult population sample. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive adult MetS and non-MetS subjects (90 subjects in each group). Glycemic control indices (fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR index), lipid profile/ratios, and renal function tests were also evaluated. Findings showed that serum UA was significantly higher in the MetS group (322±98.9) than non-MetS group (286±61.2) μmol/L. The fourth quartile of serum UA showed a higher frequency of MetS (73.3%) and central obesity (82.2%), and higher mean values of TG and FBS as well as lower mean values for HDL-C relative to the first quartiles. Data stratification by sex showed consistent associations of BMI, abdominal obesity, HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and serum creatinine levels with serum UA in both men and women. Serum UA at 310 μmol/L concentration might be a good predictor for MetS/its components in men. In contrast, at a cut-off level of 275.0 μmol/L, it could significantly predict only obesity and high FBS in women. Conclusion: Serum UA levels are associated with MetS and may predict MetS and/or its components at specific levels in a sex-dependent pattern in the study population.

Determination of Fasting Blood Sugar and Cholesterol Levels in Gotvand City

Background and Aims: Due to the high prevalence of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders worldwide and in Iran and as recommended by the international diabetes federation, about more investment in diabetes research in Iran, it is decided to perform of this study in the urban and rural area of Gotvad city in the Khuzestan Province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, among 31822 eligible people, 4138 people aged 29 years or more participated between November 2017 and March 2018. Samples were obtained from patients, and after centrifugation and separation of serum, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and total cholesterol were measured employing the Glucose and Cholesterol Assay Kit of Pars Azmun Company. Since FBS and cholesterol statuses are ordinal, an ordinal logistic regression proportional odds model was used to identify the risk factors of responses if the proportional odds assumption satisfies. Univariate analysis was performed with independent t-test and ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc. Results: Two models were determined, and except the area in predicting cholesterol status; all other covariates, including age, FBS value, cholesterol value, sex, and area in predicting FBS, were the significant predictors of cholesterol and FBS levels. Conclusions: Although there where a high prevalence of FBS and cholesterol level disturbances, from 24.9% and 25.9% of the population with disturbances in serum cholesterol and glucose levels, respectively, nearly 80% and 25.9% of them are in the borderline high group and impaired fasting glucose states, respectively which can return them to a healthy state with appropriate and prompt interventions.

Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors among the Elderly Living in the Old Age Homes of Davangere District: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Old age comes with lot of ailments & diseases. Diabetes and its Complications can cause economic & social burden to the elderly living in the old age homes. Caregivers in the old age homes have the responsibility to take care the health problems of the elderly. If diabetes is undetected or uncontrolled for many years, elderly can suffer from serious health problems Objectives: 1.To assess the magnitude of diabetes mellitus among the elderly living in the old age homes 2. To determine the factors associated with diabetes Mellitus. Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months in the 7 old age homes (OAH) of Davangere district. Elderly aged 60 years and above residing in the old age homes were the study participants. A total of 105 elderly were subjected to Fasting blood sugar (FBS) estimation using glucometer. Elderly having FBS value above 126 mg/dl & if the elderly was taking treatment for diabetes then they were considered to be diabetic Results: Magnitude of diabetes mellitus among the elderly living in the old age homes was 15.2%. Majority were in the age group of 60 – 69 years accounting for 22% followed by 70 – 79 years age group 14% & none of the elderly in the age group of 80 – 89 years were having diabetes. Diabetes was more among females (18%) than males (11%). There was no statistically significant association between any of the socio demographic factors & diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Magnitude of the diabetes mellitus decreased with the increasing age. Females were having higher proportion of diabetes than males. Emphasis needs to be given in addressing the health problems like diabetes among the elderly living in the institutions like old age homes, so that they can have a better quality of life.

The Predictive Factors for Favorable Outcomes of Peginterferon and Ribavirin Combination Therapy in HCV-Infected Patients

We aimed to investigate the association of pretreatment host and/or viral related factors with sustained virological response (SVR) rate in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infected patients. This cohort study was performed on 200 IFN-naïve Iranian CHC patients who were treated with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) plus ribavirin (RBV). Pretreatment levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting blood sugar (FBS), HCV load and genotype were determined, and the pattern of changes was monitored throughout the course of treatment. The baseline FBS value in the non-responder group was significantly higher than that of the SVR group. The SVR group showed a rapid and continuous decline of ALT/AST activity from the beginning of the treatment, while the ALT level was fluctuating in non-responder and relapse groups. Persistent normalization of transaminases during combination antiviral therapy was significantly associated with SVR rate. Besides, age and FBS levels had the greatest impact on SVR. Minocycline seems to be a safe and effective adjuvant in the management of patients with schizophrenia.

Subfatin and asprosin, two new metabolic players of polycystic ovary syndrome

Asprosin and subfatin are recently discovered two new hormones of adipocyte origin that play a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynaecological syndrome presenting with energy turbulence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether asprosin and subfatin play a role in PCOS disease. Thirty participants with a diagnosis of PCOS and thirty control group participants were included in this case-control study. Hormone profiles of the participants (subfatin, asprosin, insulin, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), oestradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-SO4), lipid profiles [(total testosterone, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, cholesterol)], fasting blood sugar (FBS) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values were measured. While the levels of asprosin, LDL and triglyceride, TSH, E2, FSH, LH, DHEA-SO4 were found to be significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared to controls (p = .005; p = .01), subfatin and HDL levels were found to be low. Significantly decreasing subfatin and increasing asprosin levels in circulation in PCOS may play a role in the etiopathology of this disease and that they may also be new candidate molecules in addition to classical laboratory parameters in the diagnosis and follow-up of PCOS in the future. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? The studies investigating the relationship between PCOS and asprosin are contradictory. Although subfatin has been studied in many metabolic diseases, it has not been studied yet whether it is associated with PCOS. Furthermore, whether there is a mutual relationship between subfatin and asprosin in patients with PCOS has not been studied yet. What do the results of this study add? This available data indicates that significantly decreasing subfatin and increasing asprosin levels in the circulation in PCOS may play a role in the etiopathology of this disease. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The findings are promising in that decreasing subfatin and increasing asprosin levels will shed new light on reproductive endocrinology changes caused by PCOS and may help to clarify the pathophysiology of PCOS. Furthermore, in our study, the asprosin/subfatin ratio was above three in PCOS disease. This ratio reported here is anticipated to contribute to the course or follow-up of the disease in the future. Also, subfatin has been investigated here for the first time, may also be a new candidate molecule in addition to classical laboratory parameters in the diagnosis and follow-up of PCOS.

A study on correlation between Vitamin D and glycated hemoglobin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal

Background: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone, responsible for calcium homeostasis. It has shown to affect insulin synthesis, secretion, and action. Diabetes is a non-communicable systemic disease caused by multiple factors cumulatively leading to insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. In this context, there was a research question to know the extent of association between Vitamin D levels and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim and Objective: The study aims to establish an association between Vitamin D levels and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based retrospective study done over a period of 3 months at a tertiary care center of West Bengal. The values of fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c, and Vitamin D level were recorded. Statistical analysis of the data collected was done using SPSS ver. 20. Results: Out of a total of 148 patients, 74.3% had deficiency, 21.6% insufficiency, and 4.1% had normal levels of Vitamin D. Similarly, 83.1% of the patients had HbA1c level more than and equal to 6.5% and 16.9% had HbA1c levels less than 6.5%. A negative correlation between Vitamin D and FBS levels and HbA1c and Vitamin D was seen. Conclusion: There is a definite inverse correlation between Vitamin D and HbA1c levels.

Comparison of auditory evoked potential changes with the duration of diabetes mellitus

Background: Type II diabetes is typically a chronic disease associated with decreasing life expectancy. This is partly due to the number of complications with which it is associated. With increasing duration, the glycemic control in Diabetes Mellitus is also closely associated with hearing loss. Aim and Objective: This study aims to compare the auditory evoked potential (AEP) changes with the duration of Type II diabetic mellitus. Materials and Methods: A total of 135 diabetic patients were involved. They were divided into three groups depending on the duration of the disease: Group-I: 0–5 years; Group-II: 5–10 years; and Group-III: 10–15 years. Blood investigation such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels was done in all the patients. AEP was done in all the participating diabetic patients. Results: The FBS and HbA1c level values were increased as disease progressed up to 5–10 years of duration. Further, disease progression that is more than 10–15 years of FBS and HbA1c levels was reduced. The results of the study showed that a significant delay in AEP latencies (wave I, wave III, and wave V) and interpeak latencies (IPL I-III and IPL III-V) was prolonged in Group A-II when compared with the other two groups. The results were analyzed by mean standard deviation and using ANOVAs. Conclusion: According to our study, the AEP latencies were prolonged in increased duration of diabetes mellitus patients. This gives a clear idea in managing the disease progress and pathological changes taking place to have a better life.

Prevalence and Factors Influencing Diabesity among Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Urban Puducherry: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.

Background:The risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increase exponentially when type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity coexist.Objective:To estimate the proportion of people with diabesity and assess the sociodemographic, dietary, and morbidity related factors associated with diabesity.Methods:A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2018 among persons with T2DM attending an urban Primary Health Centre in Puducherry using a structured questionnaire.Results:The mean (standard deviation) age of 151 study participants was 58.2 (11.8) years with 66% (n = 100), 77% (n = 116) and 40% (n = 60) being females, sedentary workers and belonging to lower socioeconomic status, respectively. Of total, 71% (n = 107) had hypertension, 66% (n = 99) had uncontrolled fasting blood sugar (FBS) level and 74% (n = 111) did not consume fruits daily. The proportion of diabesity was found to be 66.9% (95% CI 58.8–74.3). After adjusting for other factors, obesity was significantly high among T2DM patients aged 50 years and less (adjusted prevalence ratio– (aPR) 1.4; (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.83) compared to >60 years. Having uncontrolled FBS values (aPR 1.28; [95% CI: 1.01–1.64]), deficient in calorie intake (aPR 1.66; [95% CI: 1.25–2.22]), deficient in fruits intake (aPR 1.45; [95% CI: 1.07–1.97]), and high fat consumption (aPR 1.26; [95% CI: 1.02–1.57]) had significant association with diabesity.Conclusion:Considering the rising burden of diabetes associated with obesity, vigilant strategy to reduce modifiable risk factors for CVD needs further emphasis at primary care settings.

Evaluation of eight formulas for LDL-C estimation in Iranian subjects with different metabolic health statuses

BackgroundConsidering the crucial role of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in determining cardiovascular risk, the accuracy of LDL-C estimation is essential. To date, various types of formulae have been introduced, albeit their accuracy has not been assessed in varied populations. In this study, the accuracy of eight formulae for LDL-C estimation was evaluated in an Iranian population.MethodsA data set of 2752 individuals was included in the study and all samples were analyzed in term of lipid profiles using direct homogeneous assay. The population was divided into various subgroups based on the triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and age values and estimated LDL-C values by Friedewald, Chen, de Cordova, Vujovic, Anandaraja, Hattori, Ahmadi, and Puavillai equations were compared to the directly measured LDL-C in each subgroup.ResultsEstimated LDL-C values by Puavillai formulae showed an insignificant difference compared to the directly measured LDL-C in subjects with high level of TG. However, for TG range < 3.38 mmol/L and high levels of HDL-C, the difference between the means of estimated LDL-C by Hattori and de Cordova formulas, and directly measured LDL-C was relatively lower than other equations. In addition, estimated LDL-C by Hattori and de Cordova formulae had insignificant differences as compared to the direct LDL-C at some levels of cholesterol, the normal level of FBS and some age ranges.ConclusionsTherefore, it seems that Hattori and de Cordova formulas can be considered as the best alternatives for LDL-C direct measurement in the Iranian population, especially for healthy subjects.

Leptin, hs-CRP and HOMA-IR in patients with type 2 diabetes: The role of different levels of vitamin D deficiency

Background: To evaluate the effects of different levels of vitamin D deficiency on blood glucose, leptin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), insulin resistance and their associations.Methods: We quantified serum vitamin D level, hs-CRP, leptin, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in 25 type-2 diabetic patients with very low serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (deficient), ≤15 ng/ml; and 25 age, sex, and body mass index (BMI)-matched type-2 diabetic patients with low serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (insufficient), 16 to 30 ng/ml. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated by a formula based upon values of FBS and insulin concentrations.Results: The mean value of vitamin D levels was 7.67±3.10 in vitamin D deficient group and 23.20±9.97 in vitamin D insufficient group. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had significantly higher FBS, postprandial glucose (PPG) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) as compared to vitamin D insufficient group (p&lt;0.01). We studied correlations of hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, and leptin in both vitamin D insufficient and deficient groups. There were significant positive correlations between leptin with hs-CRP (r = 0.58, p&lt;0.01) and with HOMA-IR (r = 0.49, p&lt;0.05) in vitamin D deficient group; Which these correlations remained significant after multiple adjustment for age, sex, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion: In conclusion vitamin D deficient diabetic patients had elevated FBS, PPG and HbA1C compared with insufficient ones. The results also could possibly point the effect of vitamin D deficiency level on leptin associations with hs-CRP and insulin resistance.Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, type 2 diabetes, leptin, C reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

Assessment of Lifestyle Practices and Nutritional Status among Undergraduate Medical Students

Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity are not only the biggest problem among the middle-aged but also among children, teenagers and young adults. Early detection of the factors causing obesity, in turn, helps in the prevention of its complications. The objectives of the study were to assess the various lifestyle practices among medical students and to correlate the relationship between the nutritional status and biochemical parameters.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional - study was conducted on MBBS students studying at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the students followed by the recording of their anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Fasting blood sample was collected from the student and analysed the biochemical parameters.&#x0D; Results: Out of 325 students, 48.9% were male students and 51.1% were female students. It was found that a higher percentage of female students (53%) was on a balanced diet as compared to male students (47.2%). The daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were less amongst students of both genders. Mean values of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) were higher among male students as compared to female students. Mean values of few biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C were higher amongst obese students along with a corresponding decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C).&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study showed that unhealthy dietary and lifestyle practices were associated with increased levels of various biochemical parameters and it was more common amongst male students. Increased biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C with the corresponding decrease in HDL-C is an alarming sign for increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease among the younger age group.

Alarin/FSH Ratio Might Be A New Biological Marker in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with Normal and Women with Obese

Neuropeptides coordinate and regulate physiological processes in all animals. Alarin is a 25 amino acid neuropeptide which promotes the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). It has been known that serum luteinizing hormone levels are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, purpose of this was to examine the association of circulating gonadotropin secretions, and alarin with women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and to compare these findings with those of control subjects in an effort to better understand the pathophysiology of PCOS. 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with normal weight and 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with obese and 28 control group participants were included in this case-control study. Hormone profiles of the participants (alarin, insulin, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4 ), lipid profiles total testosterone, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, cholesterol) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) values were measured. Results: Serum androgens were elevated in the PCOS. Blood LH was also elevated (P &lt; 0.05) but was higher in PCOS than Control. Patients with PCOS had an increased alarin compared with controls. LH/FSH ratio and Alarin /FSH ratio were greater than 2.1, 2.4, respectively. The blood alarin levels were significantly correlated with the serum LH levels (r=0.492, p=0.002) and the LH/FSH ratios (r=0.450, p&lt;0.001) and Alarin/ FSH ratios. The FSH/LH and alarin /FSH ratio were elevated in the PCOS. Based on these results, the FSH/LH and Alarin /FSH ratio appears to be a useful marker of PCOS.

Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals

Background: The aim of this study was to determine as well as to compare the salivary glucose levels in the diabetic and non-diabetic population and correlate the values with their fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (glycated Haemoglobin) levels. Many researchers have proposed the possibility of using salivary glucose estimation for screening and monitoring of effect in general population and in resource poor settings. But studies on this subject in Indian population are limited.Methods: The current study was an analytical cross sectional study of a group of 100 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls, conducted in the Department of General Medicine, SRM medical college hospital. The mean difference in the salivary glucose between diabetic and non-diabetic population was compared using unpaired t-test.Results: There was a strong positive association between FBS (fasting blood sugar) and salivary glucose in the overall population. There was a strong positive correlation between FBS and Salivary glucose in FBS &lt;200. There was a moderate positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value between 200 to 300 mg/dl. There was a weak positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value &gt;300 mg/dl, which was statistically not significant. There was a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and salivary glucose in the overall population.Conclusions: There appears to be a strong positive association between fasting blood sugar and salivary glucose value in both study groups. But the correlation seems to be relatively weak in fasting blood sugar range above 300 mg/dl. Considering this positive association, further studies are needed to explore the possibility of utilizing salivary glucose for monitoring glycemic control.

Sialic acid: an early sensitive marker improves detection of nephropathy in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

Sialic acid: an early sensitive marker improves detection of nephropathy in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients - IJCBR- Print ISSN No: - 2394-6369 Online ISSN No:- 2394-6377 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2019.036, International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research-Int J Clin Biochem Res

Up-regulation of hypoxia inducible Factor-1α in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

To study the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). In total, 133 participants were selected to conduct the investigation, parameters such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) were tested and recorded. The biopsy assessment was conducted when renal function or urinary abnormalities. Western blotting was used to test the expression of serum HIF-1α in all patients and control group. The values of FBS, BUN, and UACR were higher in DN and diabetes groups than in the healthy control. The values of FBG, BUN, and UACR were higher in DN patients than in the diabetes patients with no nephropathy. eGFR in DN patients was lower than the other two groups. The expression of HIF-1α was higher than both diabetes patients with no nephropathy and healthy control, P < 0.05. Patients with lots of albuminuria showed the highest expression of HIF-1α than the other groups. HIF-1α in normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria groups showed no significant difference. HIF-1α was up-regulated in DN patients, which might give clinical basis to the role of HIF-1α in the development of DN.

Effectiveness and Safety of Metformin versus Canthex™ in Patients with Acanthosis Nigricans: A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial.

Background:Acanthosis nigricans has been associated with conditions of insulin resistance such as obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Metformin and alpha-lipoic acid, two types of insulin-sensitizing agents, have been demonstrated to reduce insulin levels and improve insulin sensitivity. Alpha-lipoic acid is available as a fixed-dose combination with biotin, calcium pantothenate, and zinc sulfate as Canthex™.Aims:This study aimed to compare the effectiveness, safety, and improvement of the insulin resistance profile of Canthex™ and metformin in acanthosis nigricans.Materials and Methods:In this double-blind, randomized (1:1), active-controlled trial (CTRI/2017/02/007880), participants received either metformin 500 mg BD or Canthex™ BD for 12 weeks. Effectiveness parameters were improvement of severity of neck lesions and neck texture. Serum fasting insulin level, glucose, lipids, body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Adverse effects and changes in routine laboratory parameters were taken as safety parameters.Results:Thirty-three patients were analyzed by modified-intention-to-treat criteria. Severity of neck lesions and texture were comparable at baseline and it showed significant reduction (P<0.001) in both the treatment arms from the first follow-up onward. No intergroup variation was observed in any of the follow-ups. There was reduction in the values of fasting insulin, blood sugar, total cholesterol, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in both the groups. Weight, BMI, and waist circumference and BMI reduced significantly in both the groups. HOMA-IR decreased significantly in metformin group (P<0.001).Conclusion:Canthex™ is as effective and safe as metformin in the management of acanthosis nigricans and associated features of insulin resistance.