Fasting Blood Sugar Test Research Articles

COMPARISON OF DIABETES DISEASE CLASSIFICATION MODELS USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHMS

Diabetes is a lifelong chronic disease that disrupts blood sugar regulation. Diabetes is a life-threatening condition that, if left untreated, can lead to death and other health problems. Several medical tests, including the glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test, blood sugar test, oral glucose tolerance test, and fasting blood sugar test, can be used to detect diabetes. According to statistics, high glucose levels are one of the problems associated with diabetes. This study aims to categorize patients into diabetic and non-diabetic groups using specific diagnostic metrics included in the dataset. 1500 patient records with 9 attributes and 2 classes were used by the researchers. The study used machine learning techniques, including Logistic Regression and Random Forest, along with Confusion Matrix and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) assessment. The Random Forest method produced results of 97% accuracy, 97% precision, 100% recall, and 98% f1-score, indicating that the accuracy level seems good but can still be improved. Based on the accuracy findings, Random Forest is the most effective strategy of Logistic Regression.

Diabetes screening among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a descriptive study of commercial claims, 2011–2019

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects 6–12% of United States women of reproductive age. Because women with PCOS are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, clinical practice guidelines from a number of organizations (e.g. American Diabetes Association, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, US Preventive Services Task Force) recommend that individuals with PCOS are routinely screened for diabetes. Guidelines further indicate that an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) should be used for diabetes screening in women with PCOS as opposed to an A1C or fasting plasma glucose test. The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) to estimate rates of diabetes screening among a nationwide sample of commercially insured women with PCOS and 2) to report the percentage of women screened using each test (OGTT, A1C, fasting plasma glucose) among those who were screened.MethodsWe used the MarketScan Commercial Claims database (2011–2019) to identify a sample of women aged 18–64 years with PCOS who were free from diabetes at baseline and had ≥ 5 years of continuous enrollment in their insurance plan. PCOS was ascertained using International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes (ICD-9: 256.4; ICD-10: E28.2). Diabetes screening was ascertained using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes (A1C: 8303683037; Fasting blood sugar: 82947; OGTT: 82950). Diabetes screening rates were calculated for the overall study sample as well as across subgroups defined by age, overweight/obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and vascular disease.ResultsIn our sample of 191,110 commercially insured women with PCOS, 73.40% were screened at least once for diabetes during a five-year period. Among the women screened, 19.24% were screened using the Androgen Excess Society (AES)-recommended OGTT, 61.58% were screened using A1C, and 23.37% were screened using fasting blood sugar.ConclusionsIn a sample of commercially insured individuals spanning the timeframe 2011–2019, nearly 75% of women with PCOS complied with the ACOG screening guidelines for diabetes. Although OGTT is recommended as the preferred screening tool for women with PCOS it was less commonly used than A1C and fasting blood sugar tests.

Comparison of Binary Logistic Regression and SVM to Classify Diabetes Sufferers

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood due to disruption of the insulin hormone which functions as a regulator of the balance of blood sugar levels. This disease continues to increase in prevalence in various countries, making it a global health problem. Diabetes has trigger factors that contribute to the incidence of the disease, such as age, gender, smoking habits, healthy eating patterns, high blood pressure, and others. Diagnosis of diabetes can be done by carrying out a fasting blood sugar test, a 2-hour postprandial (PP) blood sugar test, and a random blood sugar test. However, it is very possible for diagnoses made by health workers to have errors due to subjectivity and different experiences, so a fast and precise classification method is needed to classify patients undergoing diabetes examination based on variables related to diabetes. The classification method used in this research is binary logistic regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM). A similar study carried out classification of diabetes sufferers using the Naive Bayes and KNN methods by comparing the results with SVM, so in this study the binary logistic regression method and SVM will be used to determine the performance of the classification method. The data used is secondary data. Next, the data is divided into training and testing data. The analysis results show that the SVM method is slightly superior in classification accuracy of testing data, namely 97.75%. With this research, it is hoped that decisions on patients undergoing diabetes examination will be faster, more precise and effective, and classification methods with better performance can be applied

Aspartame and diet soda impact on blood sugar and insulin in Wistar rat

Research reports on the safety of Aspartame as a sugar substitute which was intended to reduce the prevalence of metabolic disorders has been inconclusive. Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the effects of aspartame and diet soda on body weight, blood sugar and insulin levels. Thirty seven Wistar rats were divided into: Group 1 (5): control group and administered 5ml of distilled water daily. Groups 2 and 3 (8 each) received high and low doses of diet soda respectively. Groups 4 and 5 (8 each) received high (45 mg/ kg b.w) and low (22.5 mg/kg b.w) doses of aspartame respectively. After 10 weeks, the rats were subjected to an overnight fast for the determination of fasting blood sugar test after which they were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and the pancreas harvested and put in formal saline for histological analysis. Insulin level was measured using ELISA technique. Results show various morphological changes in the pancreas of all experimental groups, including hypoplastic islet, vascular congestion and ulceration, nerve hypertrophy, amongst others. Body weight was significantly increased in groups given high diet soda (114 ± 0.12g) and aspartame (121 ± 0.17g) when compared with the control (85 ± 0.21g). However, there was no significant difference in fasting blood sugar and insulin levels in all treated groups compared to control. In conclusion, this study has shown that chronic consumption of aspartame and diet soda increased body weight, but no effect on blood sugar and insulin levels. The adverse effects on pancreas morphology suggest impending health implications.

The association between anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase IgG and hemoglobin A1C among newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes of some Iraqi children in Karbala City

Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is brought on by immune system dysfunction intolerance, invasion of beta cells by autoreactive immunological T cells, degradation of beta cell activity and survival, and extended exogenous insulin treatment. One of the circulation autoantibodies against antigens of pancreatic cell that produce insulin is glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD IgG antibody) that indicate the stress and/or death of the islet cell in T1D. A blood glucose monitoring test called hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is used to determine the average blood sugar level over three months (February, March, and April of 2022). Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of anti-GAD IgG and HbA1c in T1DM children, as well as their correlation. Materials and Methods: Seventy individuals with new-onset T1DM (confirmed by clinical signs, including increased urination, intense hunger, intense thirst, and abrupt weight loss, along with a random blood sugar test that is higher than 200 mg/dL and a fasting blood sugar test that is higher than 126 mg/dL) are male and female, ranging in age from 1 to 12 years. Blood was drawn for the biochemical and immunological tests (including HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, C-peptide, anti-islets antibodies, and anti-GAD antibodies). Results: Ninety-four percent of the T1DM patients had positive anti-GAD IgG with a mean concentration of 147 IU/mL, and 6% had negative anti-GAD IgG with a mean value of 9 IU/mL. At the same time, the findings of the current study’s calculation of HbA1c levels revealed that individuals with newly diagnosed T1DM had a total mean average of HbA1c of 10.53. Conclusion: Specifically in T1D that had arisen in extremely young children, autoimmunity was discovered to take part in the glycemic index expressed by glycated hemoglobin average.

Patient Compliance Patterns on Therapeutic Success of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Medication at La Temmamala Hospital in Sopping, South Sulawesi

Patient compliance is a determining factor for successful therapy, especially for long-term treatment such as diabetes mellitus. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the level of adherence and the influence of the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in using drugs at the Regional General Hospital of La Temmamala, Soppeng. Thirty respondents who met the entry criteria in this study. Data were obtained prospectively. Respondents were interviewed using a demographic questionnaire and an MMAS-8 questionnaire (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8). The results of the study showed low compliance level of 43.3%, medium 36.7%, and high 20.0%. Exercising status, co-morbidities, regimen therapy, and checking fasting blood sugar gave significant results on the level of adherence (p<0.05). other factors such as level of educational factors, profession, duration of diagnosis, dietary pattern, smoking, and the varian drug had no effect on compliance (p>0.05). Compliance of most respondents was low (43.3%). Exercise status, comorbidities, regimen therapy, and fasting blood sugar test results are the factors that affect adherence.

Status of the utilization of preventive care services and its associated socio-demographic factors among Iranian elderly.

The growing population of the elderly, the rising costs of medical care and the low use of preventive services are three factors that highlight the importance of using preventive health care services in the Iranian population. This study aimed to determine the status of the use of preventive care services and its associated socio-demographic factors in the elderly referred to health centers. In this analytical cross-sectional study, a number of 160 elderly people referred to health centers in East Guilan, Iran was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were obtained from May to September, 2021 using a questionnaire containing utilization of preventive care services (9 items) and socio-demographic characteristics. The highest and the lowest utilization rates of preventive care services among study participants were related to the blood pressure test (96.9%) and colonoscopy (17.5%), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only income had a significant association with performing fasting blood sugar test (p = 0.004), blood lipid test (p = 0.004), and blood pressure test (p = 0.013). Also, the associations between having an underlying disease and performing fasting blood sugar test (p = 0.032) and blood pressure test (p = 0.002), the association between gender and performing the bone mineral density test (p < 0.001), and the association between occupation and performing Pap-smear test (p = 0.011), were statistically significant. The utilization rates of screening tests for most cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers, were low. Since, there were a significant association between income, disease, gender and occupation with the utilization of some preventive care services, considering them in health centers' preventive care program design might be useful.

Abstract #1412446: Pseudohypoglycemia in a Patient with Scleroderma with Minimal Skin Involvement

Point-of-care (POC) glucose monitor is often used in hospitalized patients and is a valuable tool for deciding therapy in cases of abnormal glucose levels. However, it has limitations in conditions such as Raynaud’s phenomenon, monoclonal gammopathies, leukemia, and peripheral hypoperfusion. (1). Here, we describe a patient whose results of POC were unreliable, resulting in overtreatment of hypoglycemia. A 76-year-old African American woman with a history of scleroderma, diagnosed after a skin biopsy was admitted for hypoglycemia. Her symptoms of scleroderma include significant esophageal dysmotility but minimal skin involvement. She was initially treated with hydroxychloroquine which improved her symptoms but discontinued after a few months when it was suspected of causing hypoglycemia. While in rehab for a pubic rami fracture, she was diagnosed with recurrent hypoglycemia and started on Diazoxide. She was transferred to our facility because of persistent hypoglycemia requiring a dextrose drip and multiple infusions of 25g of 50 percent glucose. Despite being on Diazoxide, she had remained hypoglycemic with POC blood glucose readings as low as 30-50 mg/dl. A 72-hour fast was initiated, and Diazoxide was stopped. A fasting blood sugar test off Diazoxide for four days showed discordant fingerstick and plasma blood glucose levels of 59 mg/dl and 138 mg/dl, respectively. Plasma levels of insulin (<1 uU/ml), proinsulin (1.6 pmol/L), and C-peptide (0.4 ng/ml) were appropriately low in the setting of a fast. Records from inpatient rehab showed three episodes of hypoglycemia measured by POC. However, all values of low glucose seen on POC testing had a corresponding normal plasma glucose level. We could not find an episode of hypoglycemia confirmed by a plasma glucose test. She had insulin and C-peptide levels checked several times, and none of them elevated in the setting of normal plasma glucose. Insulin levels ranged from 2.2-13.0 [2.6-24.9 uU/ml], and C-peptide levels ranged from 1.2-2.0 [1.1-4.4 ng/ml], all within normal limits. Additional workup for other etiologies of hypoglycemia showed normal cortisol stimulation test, low IGF-2, and elevated chromogranin A. This patient was diagnosed with hypoglycemia based on POC glucose levels only. If plasma glucose had been used to confirm hypoglycemia this patient could have been diagnosed with pseudohypoglycemia sooner and avoided unnecessary testing and medications. She was also treated for hypoglycemia with dextrose-containing intravenous fluids and Diazoxide. Treating hypoglycemia reflexively is understandable, given the significant risks of withholding treatment. However, Diazoxide likely contributed to this patient’s symptoms of nausea and anorexia already caused by her esophageal dysmotility. It is likely that the minimal skin involvement of her disease minimized the suspicion of psudohypoglycemia. It is worth mentioning that hydroxychloroquine, used for scleroderma management, was stopped for the presumed hypoglycemia. This case highlights the importance of confirming POC testing and evaluating for potential causes of discordant results.

Factors Associated with Medication Adherence among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Nepal.

As diabetes increases globally, high mortality increases due to complications of uncontrolled sugar. Medication adherence is important to control blood sugar and prevent its complications. Objective of the study was to identify factors associated with medication adherence among type 2 diabetes patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 patients visiting Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal, for their fasting blood sugar test from September to December 2016. Inclusion criteria: patients with type 2 diabetes, under diabetes medication for past three months (minimum), age ≥ 18 years. The outcome of the study was medication adherence measured using the eight-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) (© 2006 Donald E. Morisky). Multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis. Results showed that 61% of respondents had high medication adherence; adherence was positively associated with formal education [AOR: 2.43 (95% CI: 1.34, 4.39)] and attendance at diabetes counseling [AOR: 1.76 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.04)] after adjusting for age, occupation, medicine intake duration and diabetes medicine types. The study concluded that formal education and attendance at diabetes counseling positively affected patients' adherence to medicine. We encourage healthcare institutions to provide counseling services to all the patients with type 2 diabetes and focus more on those who are less educated.

Functional Status, Pain and Shoulder Mobility in Frozen Shoulder A Prospective Study.

The aim of our study was to assess the clinical course, disease duration, functional status dynamics and prevalence of elevated blood sugar values in patients with frozen shoulder (FS). We also tested two other hypotheses: a) Duration of symptoms before the beginning of therapy affects rehabilitation outcome and duration of symptoms. b) Postponed initiation of therapy affects the duration of sick leave.Our prospective study took place at the University Rehabilitation Institute-Republic of Slovenia (URI-RS) between April 2017 and March 2021. The sample comprised 26 patients with FS. We evaluated patients every 3 months for consecutive 2 years with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and by measuring the shoulder range of motion (ROM).During the first year, there was a statistically significant change in passive ROM, against no improvement in the second year of follow-up. Only one of the patients was a known diabetic, the majority (77 %) of patients had normal blood sugar values, and in the remaining patients, elevated levels were incidental findings. Twelve patients were on sick leave for more than 12 weeks.The study showed that the duration of sick leave did not corelate with time to treatment initiation. It is advisable to perform a fasting blood sugar test in patients with FS.

The therapeutic effects of chicory seed aqueous extract on cardio-metabolic profile and liver enzymes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; a double blind randomized clinical trial

Introduction: As diabetes and obesity increase worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becomes a more worrying health threat. Objectives: This study was designed to assess the impacts of chicory seed aqueous extract on the treatment of NAFLD. Patients and Methods: Around 60 patients with NAFLD who referred to Zanjan Metabolic Disease Research Center between March 2016 and April 2017 were allocated into treatment and placebo groups, randomly. The participants in the treatment group (n=30) were scheduled to consume 8 ml of chicory seed syrup (made by soaking 100 g of dried seeds in one liter of boiling water) twice daily for 12 weeks. The control group’s patients received placebo syrup with an identical figure and flavor and also with the same prescript. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test, chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t test were applied for analysis of data. From the point of statistical view, P &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The body mass index (BMI), liver enzymes, fasting blood sugar test (FBS), HbA1c, fatty liver grading and all the indices of lipid profile decreased significantly (all P values &lt; 0.001) in the chicory group. The shifting change in fatty liver grading was also striking in treatment group’s patients compared to controls. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the application of chicory seed in the treatment of NAFLD due to the ameliorative effects on the metabolic indices of the disease. Trial Registration: This clinical trial protocol has been registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (identifier: IRCT2016061228411N1; https://en.irct.ir/trial/23063, ethical code #IR.ZUMS.REC.1395.195).

Effect of theory-based education on promoting a healthy lifestyle in pre-diabetic women: RCT

BackgroundDue to the fact that pre-diabetic people are at higher risk of developing diabetes, it is possible to reduce the risk by taking preventive measures. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of theory-based education on promoting a healthy lifestyle and fasting blood sugar (FBS) in pre-diabetic women.MethodsThis is a cluster‐randomized controlled trial that was performed on 71 pre-diabetic women referred to Arak Comprehensive Health Service Center. Thus, using cluster sampling method, one center was randomly assigned to the intervention group and one center to the control group. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and healthy lifestyle behavior that was completed before and at least 3 months after training and FBS test was performed. The experimental group received 3 training sessions of 60 to 90 min and finally the data were analyzed using statistical software.ResultsAfter the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge (P < 0.001), attitude (P = 0.047) and perceived behavioral control related to physical activity (P = 0.046) and dietary function (P = 0.01) increased significantly in the intervention group. In addition, fasting blood sugar in the intervention group (99.70 ± 11.06) improved significantly compared to the control group (110.94 ± 17.09) (P = 0.003).ConclusionEducation based on the theory of planned behavior, by holding face-to-face meetings along with following up the samples after the educational intervention, can promote healthy lifestyle of pre-diabetic women. Therefore, designing and implementing similar interventions on all pre-diabetic individuals seem necessary.Trial registration: The master's thesis in health education is approved by Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran and is registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (IRCT20190304042921N1). Prospectively registered 22/07/2019, https://en.irct.ir/trial/40596.

Effects of Family Function on Blood Sugar Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: A long term treatment can happen for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which can negatively affect their lives and their families. Family support is an important factor to help them adapt to their DM and maintain their self-management. Doctors must assess family function of the patients with DM during their treatment.Objective: This study aimed to observe the effects of family function on blood sugar control in type 2 DM patients who were included in PROLANIS (chronic disease management program) at Puskesmas Banguntapan 2 Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Methods: This quantitative analytical study was conducted with a cross-sectional design in November-December 2019 by using the Family APGAR instrument and fasting blood sugar tests from the DM patients’ venous blood. Its sampling technique was the total sampling of the PROLANIS participants who suffered from DM and met inclusion criteria of this study. All obtained data of this study were analyzed by Spearman Product Moment analysis to determine the effects of family function on their fasting blood sugar levels.Results: This study found that there was a significant effect of family function on blood sugar control in the patients with type 2 DM (p=0.008). This finding indicated that the family function was an important aspect in controlling their blood sugar.Conclusion: The family function was an influential factor to optimize the treatment of patients with type 2 DM. The assessment on the family function should be a part of their routine examination in primary healthcare units.

Effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Perseverative Thinking, and Glycemic Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes- A Trial Study

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with many psychological complications, which require psychological interventions. This study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on cognitive emotion regulation, perseverative thinking, and glycemic index in patients with T2DM Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on T2DM patients visiting Yazd diabetes center in 2019, 30 men and women were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes) of MBCT and the control group received no interventions. In the pretest and posttest phase, data were collected using the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and fasting blood sugar test. Data were analyzed in statistical package (SPSS 21) using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Results showed a significant difference in mean scores of cognitive emotion regulation (F= 9.866 &amp; P-value= 0.0001), perseverative thinking (F= 13.745 &amp; P-value= 0.0001), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (F= 3.679 &amp; P-value= 0.034) in the experimental group before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Based on findings of the study MBCT by specialists in public and private centers can help improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies, perseverative thinking, and ultimately blood sugar control in patients with T2DM.

Study of factors caused diabetes mellitus and stroke diseases toward gender

Gender consists of female and male. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood. Glucose is controlled by the hormone insulin which is produced by the pancreas. In diabetics, the pancreas is unable to produce insulin according to the body’s needs. Blood sugar tests can be done to find out someone has diabetes. This method by a time blood sugar test and fasting blood sugar test. Stroke is a condition that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced due to a blockage (ischemic stroke) or rupture of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). We can use the proportional hazards regression and the stratified proportional hazards model to determine the factors causing diabetes mellitus and stroke. The significant covariate could be seen as a factor causing disease. Significant covariate also yields hazard ratio. If the event time assumed has loglogistics distribution. Some of the functions discussed in this paper, namely the cumulative distribution function, survival function, hazard rate function, and cumulative hazard function. These functions are useful for prediction tools provided the event time is known. The purpose of this study was to find the factors that cause diabetes mellitus and stroke in the gender strata and making functions of random variables with the logistic distribution. The results obtained from this study are the factors that influence a person at risk of stroke namely the type of stroke, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus. The factors that affect a person at risk of stroke according to gender are the type of stroke, hypertension, systolic blood pressure. If the sample includes all women who have had a stroke, it is primarily affected by the type of stroke. If the sample consists of all men who have had a stroke, it is concluded that the significant covariates are type of stroke, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus. Men have a higher rate of stroke than women.

On The Analysis of Blood Glucose Levels of Diabetic Patients

Paired observation tests (Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed ranked test and Sign test) were employed to determine if there is any significant difference between fasting blood sugar and oral glucose tolerance tests of 47 diabetic patients. First, Jarque-Bera (JB) test was done to check for normality and it showed that not all the mean differences were normally distributed. Two sample t-test was used to check whether the level of change in blood glucose for fasting patients and patients who had glucose intake are the same. The fasting blood sugar test and oral glucose tolerance test were done hourly on two different occasions. The results revealed no difference between blood glucose testing on arrival and blood glucose testing after resting for one hour. The level of change in blood glucose after two hours for fasting patients was not the same with the level of change two hours after glucose administration. It was concluded that a single fasting blood glucose test is sufficient to diagnose diabetes on a visit to the laboratory while oral glucose tolerance test conducted hourly is necessary to monitor the blood to know when the glucose level is going high or low.

Fasting blood sugar test versus HbA1C in assessment of impaired fasting glucose in obese children

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Salih AA, Sadiq MA. Fasting blood sugar test versus HbA1C in assessment of impaired fasting glucose in obese children. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2021;23(2):224-226. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.105931. APA Salih, A., & Sadiq, M. (2021). Fasting blood sugar test versus HbA1C in assessment of impaired fasting glucose in obese children. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 23(2), 224-226. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.105931 Chicago Salih, Alaa A, and Mayasah A Sadiq. 2021. "Fasting blood sugar test versus HbA1C in assessment of impaired fasting glucose in obese children". Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 23 (2): 224-226. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.105931. Harvard Salih, A., and Sadiq, M. (2021). Fasting blood sugar test versus HbA1C in assessment of impaired fasting glucose in obese children. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 23(2), pp.224-226. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.105931 MLA Salih, Alaa et al. "Fasting blood sugar test versus HbA1C in assessment of impaired fasting glucose in obese children." Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, vol. 23, no. 2, 2021, pp. 224-226. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.105931. Vancouver Salih A, Sadiq M. Fasting blood sugar test versus HbA1C in assessment of impaired fasting glucose in obese children. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2021;23(2):224-226. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.105931.

Frequency and Factors Associated with Hyperglycaemia First Detected during Pregnancy at Itojo General Hospital, South Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Hyperglycemia in pregnancy complicates up to 30% of pregnancies in Africa, and this poses a major risk to both the mother and fetus. Although recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), universal screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy is not routinely done in many of the hospital in low- and middle-income countries. This study sought to determine the frequency and factors associated with hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy at a general public hospital in South Western Uganda. Methods We conducted this study at Itojo General Hospital (IGH) in Ntungamo District, South Western Uganda. The study followed a cross-sectional design that employed a systematic random sampling technique to identify potential study participants during the months of October to December 2019. Using a pretested questionnaire, data on sociodemographic and medical characteristics were collected on a sample of 307 pregnant women. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hyperglycemia using random blood sugar and fasting blood sugar test results. Data generated were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 (SPSS Inc., USA) at P < 0.05. Results The frequency of hyperglycaemia was found to be 15.6% among the study population. Multivariate analysis revealed that the ages of 19-30 years, peasantry, and multiparity with more than 5 live children and second trimester pregnancy were independent risk factors for the observed hyperglycaemia frequency. Conclusion Our study reports new epidemiological information about the frequency and risk factors of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy from a selected Ugandan population. Our findings suggest an introduction of hyperglycaemia screening in the routine antenatal care package for proper maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Detection Antibodies IgM, IgG and Determination Levels of IL-33 in Iraqi Diabetic Type 2 Patients Infected with Toxoplasma Gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that causes a disease called toxoplasmosis which has the capability to pass its both life cycle parts asexual and sexual in the final host (cats)and also through intermediate vertebrate hosts including humans. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that there is high blood sugar level over a prolonged period. This research included one hundred and twenty blood samples that collected from diabetic patients after diagnosing them by endocrinologist at the Imamein Kadhimein Medical City during August until the end of December 2016 with age ranging 12-76 years with mean 50.9 ± 13.8. Toxoplasmosis diagnoses was occurred by using Toxo IgG and IgM antibodies immulite torch assay while diabetes diagnosis by fasting blood sugar tests also measuring level of IL-33 in samples was done by sandwich ELISA method that showed a group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis have the highest level of IL-33. The results showed that a group of diabetic patients have the highest level of glucose in diabetes test (188.31 pg/ml)while a group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis have the highest level of IgG (106.17 IU/ml)while all samples have seronegative results for Toxo IgMalso the highest level of IL-33 showed ina group of diabetic patients infected with toxoplasmosis (858.84 pg/ml) while a group of diabetic patients not infected with toxoplasmosis have (556.67 pg/ml) and control group have (315.58pg/ml).

Fasting Blood Glucose Test in Nepal - Time for a Harmonized Definition.

There are various views in defining protocols for fasting blood glucose test currently being used by healthcare providers in Nepal. A number of modifiable factors can influence the result of an estimation of fasting blood glucose in a clinical laboratory. Variations in the results of fasting blood glucose tests are usually controlled by minimizing the discrepancies in the pretesting variables, one of which is the inconsistency in what represents fasting. In order to minimize the complications of erroneous reporting of fasting blood sugar tests, it is crucial to define the protocols for the test and adopt them in unison by all clinical laboratories of Nepal. Keywords: Clinical laboratory; fasting blood glucose; pretesting variables.