Fast Response Time Research Articles

An easily accessible probe for H2S based on AIE mechanism and its application in cell imaging

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a crucial endogenous gas transmitter, maintaining the redox homeostasis in biological systems. Thus, a real-time and specific H2S detection approach is urgently necessary to study the attack and management of disorders linked to H2S. In this paper, a novel fluorescent probe HMP based on AIE property for the detection of H2S was elaborately conducted. In PBS buffer solution HMP exhibited high photostability, low detection limit (0.82 μM), significant anti-interference ability and fast response time and specificity to H2S. What’s more, it could be employed for the monitoring and luminescent imaging of H2S with Hela cells, thereby broadening the prospective capacity for diagnosing associated diseases.

Fabrication of humidity monitoring sensor using porous silicon nitride structures for alkaline conditions

Porous silicon nitride structures were fabricated for a humidity sensor. The porous silicon structures were fabricated by the metal-assisted chemical etching process, and the conformal silicon nitride thin film was deposited by the atomic layer deposition process. The optimized porous sensor with the 10 nm-thick silicon nitride thin film had a hydrophilic surface and compared to other sensors, had an excellent humidity sensing response. Especially, it showed a superior humidity sensing response at 1 kHz with fast response and recovery times of 13.3 s and 12.4 s, respectively, were observed. Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results, the equivalent circuits and humidity sensing mechanism were discussed. The chemical stability of the silicon nitride was characterized using Tafel analysis in alkaline electrolytes. Additionally, the sensor's humidity sensing capabilities were tested under cement-embedded conditions.

THE INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND LEAN TECHNOLOGIES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This systematic literature review examines the integration of Industry 4.0 and Lean technologies in manufacturing, a topic of growing importance as industries seek to enhance efficiency and competitiveness. By analyzing 156 peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and industry reports published between 2010 and 2023, this review identifies vital themes, benefits, challenges, and gaps in the literature. Industry 4.0, characterized by IoT, big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML), offers significant potential for improving real-time data collection, process automation, and advanced analytics. When integrated with Lean manufacturing principles, which focus on waste reduction and continuous improvement, these technologies can lead to more efficient operations, better quality control, and faster response times. However, the review also highlights several challenges, including high initial costs, the need for a skilled workforce, and the complexity of integrating new technologies with existing systems. Despite these challenges, numerous case studies and best practices demonstrate the successful implementation of these integrated approaches, providing valuable insights for future research and practical applications. This review concludes with recommendations for addressing the identified gaps and leveraging the synergies between Industry 4.0 and Lean technologies to achieve operational excellence in manufacturing.

The impact of exercise on food-related inhibitory control— do calories, time of day, and BMI matter? Evidence from an event-related potential (ERP) study

A growing body of research suggests exercise improves inhibitory control functions. We tested if exercise-related inhibitory control benefits extend to food-related inhibitory control and differ by calorie content, time of day, and weight status. One hundred thirty-eight individuals were pseudo-randomly assigned to a morning or evening group. Each subject participated in two lab sessions where they completed questionnaires (rest session) or walked on a treadmill at 3.8mph (exercise session) for 45 min. After each session, participants completed both a high-calorie and low-calorie go/no-go task while N2 and P3 event-related potentials (ERP), both neural indicators of inhibitory control, were measured. Participants also rated food images for valence and arousal. While N2 and P3 difference amplitudes were larger to high-calorie than low-calorie foods, neither exercise nor time of day affected results. Individuals had faster response times after exercise without decreases in accuracy. Arousal and valence for high-calorie foods were lower after exercise and lower for all foods after morning compared to evening exercise. In a subset of individuals with obesity and normal-weight individuals, individuals with obesity had larger N2 difference amplitudes after morning exercise, while normal-weight individuals had larger P3 difference amplitudes to high-calorie foods after exercise. Results suggest moderate exercise did not affect food-related inhibitory control generally, although morning exercise may be beneficial in improving early recruitment of food-related inhibitory control in individuals with obesity. Moderate exercise, particularly in the morning, may also help manage increased attention allocated to food.

High-Precision and Real-Time Measurement of Water Isotope Ratios Based on a Mid-Infrared Optical Sensor.

A compact spectrometer based on a mid-infrared optical sensor has been developed for high-precision and real-time measurement of water isotope ratios. The instrument uses laser absorption spectroscopy and applies the weighted Kalman filtering method to determine water isotope ratios with high precision and fast time response. The precision of the measurements is 0.41‰ for δ18O and 0.29‰ for δ17O with a 1 s time. This is much faster than the standard running average technique, which takes over 90 s to achieve the same level of precision. The successful development of this compact mid-infrared optical sensor opens up new possibilities for its future applications in atmospheric and breath gas research.

Resistive Heating Catalytic Micro-Reactor for Process Intensified Fuel Reforming to Hydrogen

Abstract Process intensification of fuel reforming using micro-reactors has become crucial for feed flexibility in H2 production for fuel cells. In the literature on microreactors, energy supply for these endothermic reactions has faced limitations, relying on external heating, or autothermal operation. This paper explores a novel approach using a thin-film catalytic heater to develop micro-reactors. The study focuses on dry methane reforming in a simplified micro-reactor where thermal energy is supplied through electric resistive heating of a thin carbon sheet with a catalyst applied to its surface. The thin catalytic heated layer inside the reactor minimizes energy losses and the reactor footprint. Power input was varied from 90-225 W to understand its impact on the reactor temperature, CH4 conversion, H2 and CO yields. Fast thermal response times were achieved using the carbon paper as thin film for heating. Ni/MgO impregnated onto carbon paper was utilized as the catalytic heating element which resulted in CH4 conversions greater than 60% at temperature above750 K. Influence of operating conditions such as the input molar ratio of CO2/CH4, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) were also investigated to understand the scope of the catalyst in this setup. High GHSVs (592,885 and 948,617 mL/(hr.gcatalyst)) were tested to understand the throughput achievable using this setup. This approach demonstrates improved scope and feasibility for further intensification compared to conventionally heated microreactors. The research paves the way for efficient and compact micro-reactors for fuel reforming processes.

Optimization of PID control parameters for marine dual-fuel engine using improved particle swarm algorithm

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the optimization of PID control parameters for marine dual-fuel engines using an improved particle swarm algorithm. Through the development of a Matlab/Simulink simulation model, the thermodynamic behavior of the engine and the functionality of its control system are analyzed. The PID control parameters for air–fuel ratio control and mode switching control systems are fine-tuned utilizing the improved particle swarm algorithm (PSO). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed improved PID-PSO approach outperforms traditional PID and traditional PSO-PID control methods in terms of reduced overshoot, minimized steady-state error, faster response times, and improved stability across various operating conditions and response modes. In comparison to traditional PID and PSO-PID controllers, the improved PSO-PID controller reduces the response time by 0.47 s and 0.21 s, the maximum overshoot by 98.43% and 96.05%, and decreases the absolute errors by 87.42% and 90.55%, respectively, in air–fuel ratio control using the step response method. The study's findings offer valuable insights into enhancing the performance and efficiency of marine dual-fuel engines through advanced control strategies.

Efficient Emission of Highly Polarized Thermal Radiation from a Suspended Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film.

A polarized light source covering a wide wavelength range is required in applications across diverse fields, including optical communication, photonics, spectroscopy, and imaging. For practical applications, high degrees of polarization and thermal performance are needed to ensure the stability of the radiation intensity and low energy consumption. Here, we achieved efficient emission of highly polarized and broadband thermal radiation from a suspended aligned carbon nanotube film. The anisotropic nature of the film, combined with the suspension, led to a high degree of linear polarization (∼0.9) and great thermal performance. Furthermore, we performed time-resolved measurements of thermal emission from the film, revealing a fast time response of approximately a few microseconds. We also obtained visible light emission from the device and analyzed the film's mechanical breakdown behavior to improve the emission intensity. Finally, we demonstrated that suspended devices with a constriction geometry can enhance the heating performance. These results show that carbon nanotube film-based devices, as electrically driven thermal emitters of polarized radiation, can play an important role for future development in optoelectronics and spectroscopy.

Interface Engineering of SnO2 to Enhance the Cycle Stability of WO3 and Prussian Blue for Complementary Electrochromic Smart Windows and Energy Storage

The interface mismatch between electrochromic materials and conductive layer seriously affects the cycle stability of electrochromic smart windows (ESW). However, it is difficult to improve the interface matching at the same time because of the different physical and chemical properties of anode and cathode materials. In this work, SnO2 nanosheets are used as the interface modification layer between electrochromic materials and conductive layer. SnO2 interface engineering significantly can improve the cycle stability of WO3 film and Prussian blue (PB) film. The WO3/SnO2-PB/SnO2 complementary ESW exhibits a high optical modulation of 60.2% at 633 nm, fast response time (bleached/colored time=8.5/2.5 s), and coloration efficiency of 91.7 cm2 C-1. The WO3/SnO2-PB/SnO2 device can still maintain an optical modulation of 45.2% after 2000 cycles, suggesting excellent long cycle stability. And the device shows the energy storage of 5.06 mF cm-2 at 0.1 mA cm-2, which can improve energy efficiency. The excellent electrochromic properties and energy storage suggests that SnO2 interface engineering has a good application prospect in multi-functional ESW with excellent cycle stability.

The faster or richer the response, the better performance? An empirical analysis of online healthcare platforms from a competitive perspective

The emergence of online healthcare platforms has changed the competitive environment among physicians. However, little is known about how physicians can improve their performance in this new environment. Platforms also face challenges in comprehending the competitive mechanisms among physicians, which might hinder them from formulating strategic managerial decisions that foster sustained growth. In this light, we extract medical service-related information from physicians' response behavioral data on a prominent healthcare platform, and empirically investigate the factors affecting physicians' online performance from a competitive perspective as well as the gender differences in these effects. The results indicate that physicians' responses significantly impact their online performance, revealing a competitive relationship between physicians and their colleagues in the same department. Specifically, a fast response time and informative responses are positively correlated with the focal physician's performance, whereas colleagues' informative responses negatively impact the focal physician's performance, and this relationship is mediated by the focal physician's response informativeness. Nevertheless, there is no significant correlation between colleagues' response time and the focal physician's performance. The results also unveil that gender moderates the effect of response informativeness on the focal physician's performance. Specifically, colleagues' response informativeness has a more significant impact on male physicians' performance than on female physicians' performance, suggesting a greater propensity for competition among male physicians. Our findings could offer decision support for enhancing physician performance and healthcare platform management.

Ultra-High Performance of PPy/MoS2 2D Nanocomposites for Ammonia Sensing

The synergistic interaction between Polypyrrole/Molybdenum disulfide at the interface makes their nanocomposites ideal for gas sensing applications. In this work, PPy/MoS2 (1wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 20wt% and 30wt%) based nanocomposites have been prepared by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. In these nanocomposites, pyrrole acts as a matrix component and MoS2 as filler, which is finally loaded on interdigitated electrodes. In a significant development for large-scale production, the gas sensor fabrication process was designed to be both cost-effective and easy to operate. This paves the way for wider commercialization. The optimized sensor made from PPy and MoS2 with 5wt% of MoS2, demonstrates excellent sensing performance. It has a sensitivity of 21.65% for 100 ppm gas exposure, along with fast response and recovery times of 340seconds and 680seconds, respectively. It also shows a high response towards NH3 compared with pure PPy. In addition, high repeatability and long-term stability of prepared nanocomposites have also been observed over a concentration range of 10-200 ppm. This material stands out for its strong response to ammonia gas compared to other detectable gases. These results render the PPy/MoS2 nanocomposite a promising candidate for high-performance NH3 sensing at 28 ̊C. The underlying sensing mechanism of the PPy/MoS2 sensing device towards NH3 gas was systematically discussed which is attributed to the synergistic effect of binary nanocomposites.

Respon Time Pelayanan IGD Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien di IGD Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Gresik

Hospitals as health service providers, when patients feel satisfaction with the health services provided, this has a positive impact on the patient's recovery process. In serving patients, the concept of Response Time refers to the length of time staff are able to treat patients upon arrival at the health service unit, with a time of ≤ 5 minutes. Efficient service provision, namely characterized by fast response times, can contribute to overall patient satisfaction in the emergency department. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between Response Time of services in the ER and the level of patient satisfaction at the Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital. This research uses an analytical survey design with a cross-sectional approach. Researchers used an accidental sampling strategy, a population of 317 respondents. The research sample consisted of 176 individuals who sought treatment at the Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital Emergency Room. The tools used in this research consisted of a Response Time observation sheet and a patient satisfaction level questionnaire sheet. Almost all service response times in the emergency room at Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital are in the fast category, as much as 80%. Half the level of patient satisfaction in the satisfied category is 41%. From the chi-square statistical test carried out to analyze the relationship between response time and the level of patient satisfaction in the Muhammadiyah Gresik emergency room, it produces a P-value of 0.000 with α = 0.05. There is a relationship between response time and patient satisfaction level in the emergency room at Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital. Patient satisfaction shows the nurse's ability to meet patient expectations for high quality services

Self-powered porous polymer sensors with high sensitivity for machine learning-assisted motion and rehabilitation monitoring

Muscle contraction and relaxation inherently contains valuable information crucial for monitoring physical states, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. However, the majority of flexible wearable devices struggle to offer customizable sensors with high sensitivity, durability, and stability, resulting in suboptimal biofeedback performance. Herein, the machine learning-assisted smart motion and rehabilitation monitoring system (SMRMS) is demonstrated for full-body motion recognition and rehabilitation assessment using a designed porous triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) array. A theoretical model of porous materials is built to demonstrate the effect mechanism of porosity on TENG output. Through pore design on the tribolayer, theoretical simulation and experimental are performed to determine the key features of porous TENG sensors with high sensitivity (1.76 kPa−1), fast response time (50 ms) and high durability (over 100,000 cycles). A ring-shaped TENG (RS-TENG) is fabricated based on the porous TENG sensor, enabling real-time recording of leg/arm force without additional attachment. By integrating the RS-TENG array with a multichannel signal acquisition system, an SMRMS is designed to capture motion information during human subjects’ exercise and rehabilitation training. These data are then fused for machine learning analytics, resulting in significantly improved accuracy in motion pattern recognition (98.75 %) and rehabilitation monitoring (100 %). The simple, precise and durable porous sensors could help mitigate the risk of excessive exercise-induced muscle injuries, expanding self-powered wearable functionalities and adaptabilities.

Optimized provisioning technique of future services with different QoS requirements in multi-access edge computing

With the present trend towards the use of microservices instead of monolithic software, future applications with diverse computational and delay-sensitive requirements, such as virtual reality (VR) or holographic communications (HC), will be redesigned based on loosely coupled microservices due to their more efficient deployment according to available resources. However, it remains a big challenge to provide such services under stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements at minimum time and cost and with an efficient utilization of the network. Presently, multi-access edge computing (MEC) has been proposed as a promising alternative to deploy future microservice-based applications to achieve faster response times while reducing the overall network load. However, network conditions, edge nodes state and service requests are dynamic, increasing the difficulty for the provisioning of services by MECs. In this context, we propose an optimization deployment heuristic (ODA) to obtain sub-optimal deployments in reasonable time, meeting the requirements of some representative future applications under study. In particular, according to latency requirements, there will be delay-tolerant and delay-sensitive applications, playing a major role regarding the alternatives for the deployment onto single or multiple MEC systems. The evaluation analysis shows that our proposal performs significantly better than other benchmark solutions in most of the metrics used for the experiments, especially in minimizing deployment costs in minimal time.

Surface characterization of barium(II)‐selective potentiometric sensor based on a newly synthesized thiosemicarbazone derivative molecule

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized a new thiosemicarbazone derivative molecule (5) that exhibits sensor properties. The characterization of the synthesized molecule was performed using spectroscopic methods such as 1H−, 13C–NMR, FT–IR and Q–TOF. PVC‐membrane ion‐selective sensors were prepared in which the synthesized molecule was used as an ionophore. Surface images of the prepared sensors were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. The prepared sensors exhibited selectivity towards barium(II) ions. The developed barium(II)‐selective sensor had a low detection limit of 5.54×10−7 M in the concentration range of 1.0×10−1–1.0×10−6 M. The proposed barium(II)‐selective sensor had fast response time, good repeatability and stability, and can be manufactured with low cost. The sensor can detect barium(II) ions in various water samples with very high recoveries.

Foreground bias: Semantic consistency effects modulated when searching across depth.

When processing visual scenes, we tend to prioritize information in the foreground, often at the expense of background information. The foreground bias has been supported by data demonstrating that there are more fixations to foreground, and faster and more accurate detection of targets embedded in foreground. However, it is also known that semantic consistency is associated with more efficient search. Here, we examined whether semantic context interacts with foreground prioritization, either amplifying or mitigating the effect of target semantic consistency. For each scene, targets were placed in the foreground or background and were either semantically consistent or inconsistent with the context of immediately surrounding depth region. Results indicated faster response times (RTs) for foreground and semantically consistent targets, replicating established effects. More importantly, we found the magnitude of the semantic consistency effect was significantly smaller in the foreground than background region. To examine the robustness of this effect, in Experiment 2, we strengthened the reliability of semantics by increasing the proportion of targets consistent with the scene region to 80%. We found the overall results pattern to replicate the incongruous effect of semantic consistency across depth observed in Experiment 1. This suggests foreground bias modulates the effects of semantics so that performance is less impacted in near space.

Gas sensing properties of hematite nanoparticles synthesized via different techniques.

The synthesis techniques used for metal oxide semiconductors strongly influence their chemical, physical and gas sensing characteristics. In this context, hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using two different techniques, namely, sol-gel (named HSG) and Pechini sol-gel (named HPSG). The average crystallite size and surface area were 15 nm and 76 m2 g-1 and 20 nm and 57 m2 g-1 for HPSG and HSG, respectively. Morphological studies showed that the HSG material was composed of ellipsoid-shaped particles, while the HPSG material had peanut-shaped particles with open pores and channels. The comparison between the sensing performances of HPSG and HSG toward ethanol indicated HPSG to be a better sensing material for ethanol detection. The HPSG sensor exhibited a response of 12 toward 500 ppm ethanol at 250 °C, a fast response time of 5 s and excellent selectivity. The enhanced characteristics were mainly related to the peculiar morphology with a porous nature, which led to more gas adsorption and diffusion. In addition to shape influence, the size of NPs also has an effect on the gas sensing performance. In fact, a decrease in the crystallite size led to an increase in the surface area of the material where the gas molecule-sensing layer interaction took place. The increase in the surface area created more interaction sites, and thus the sensitivity was improved. From these results, the HPSG sensor can be regarded as a promising candidate for ethanol detection.

High-resolution dynamic thermal programming platform based on micro thermoelectric device assisted by laser integrated manufacturing

Thermoelectric devices (TEDs) exhibit much application potential in thermal camouflage and encrypted display recently, requiring that TEDs possess large responsivity, high resolution and rapid response with flexible configuration design, which are hardly realized by the traditional complex fabrication process. In this work, an innovative laser integrated manufacturing technology including double-side-printing selective laser melting (D-SLM) and selective laser ablation (SLA) is developed for the construction of the dynamic thermal platform based on micro TEDs. Through experimentally determining the laser process window assisted by external temperature field regulation, a flat p-type film can be directly transformed from n-type Bi2Te3 film by D-SLM. Thus, high-precision p-n patterns without metal joints are obtained from a single locally modified film, whose thermoelectric properties are further boosted by increasing energy density and introducing a post-annealing process. Then, a dynamic thermal platform with designable shapes and small dimensions can be fabricated rapidly whose working principle is also demonstrated. The thermal platform with 4*4 arrays exhibits imaging function with a pixel size of 2 mm×2 mm, a temperature difference of ∼3 K, and a fast response time of 0.143 s. This work offers an exciting yet effective approach to fabricating TEDs for dynamic thermal programmable information displays.

Zinc-based 1D coordination polymer for selective luminescent detection of nitrofuran antibiotics at part-per-billion level

With the harm caused by the misuse of antibiotics, the problem of water pollution has attracted much attention. Besides, water resources are closely related to human health. Therefore, the development of efficient and rapid methods for the detection of antibiotics is an important and urgent task. Here, a series of isostructural metal–organic framework materials (SYUCT-M, M = Zn, Co) was synthesized, SYUCT-Zn demonstrated sensing properties for efficient detection of nitrofuran antibiotics (NFAs). The detection limits of nitrofurazone (NFZ), furazolidone (FZD) and nitrofurantoin (NFT) by SYUCT-Zn were 1.47 ppb, 1.73 ppb and 2.43 ppb, respectively. Meanwhile, a fast response time and anti-interference ability of SYUCT-Zn is outstanding for 12 antibiotics in 5 classes. Apart from the sensitivity and selectivity, SYUCT-Zn featured excellent stability in acidic, basic or organic solvent media. Recyclability of SYUCT-Zn sensor was established, which indicates its great potential as sensory material for antibiotics detection.

Decoding Efficiency: A Technical Exploration of Apache, Nginx and Varnish Cache Server through Comprehensive Performance Metrics

Web servers play a crucial role in delivering web content efficiently to users. When a web server receives a request, it processes the request for the requested resources. One method to optimize this process is through the use of cache servers. Cache servers store frequently accessed data in memory, reducing the need to retrieve data from the original source each time a request is made. By leveraging cache servers, web servers can significantly enhance their performance by reducing response times. When a cache server successfully serves a request with a cache hit, it eliminates the need for the web server to process the request and retrieve the data, thereby speeding up the response time. This efficiency is crucial for improving user experience, as faster response times lead to quicker loading of web pages and reduced latency. Through this technical exploration of Apache, Nginx, and Varnish cache servers, we aim to analyze and compare their performance metrics to determine the most effective solution for reducing response times and optimizing web server efficiency. Understanding how cache servers impact performance in terms of cache hit ratio, cache miss ratio, client connections, CPU usage, memory usage, error rates, requests per second, and bandwidth will provide valuable insights into selecting the best cache server solution for improved web server performance. Keywords— Cache Server, Cache, Response time, Apache, Nginx, Varnish.