Fast Development Research Articles

Investigation of the accuracy of BeiDou, QZSS and QZSS/BeiDou satellites configuration for short, medium and long baselines in the Asia-Pacific regions

Abstract The field of satellite navigation has seen significant advancements due to the fast development of multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Around 150 satellites will be in service when all six systems – GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, and NAVIC – are launched by 2030, offering both enormous potential and advantages for research and engineering applications. This study used an experiment on the accuracy, particularly for short, medium, long baselines (Wide Lane ambiguity solution) of the BeiDou, QZSS and QZSS/BeiDou combinations. It showed that with the integration of BeiDou/QZSS static measurements in the study region millimetre-centimetre accuracy for short, medium, and long baselines can be attained. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the 1st (QZSS/BeiDou), 2nd (BeiDou), and 3rd (QZSS) strategies feature different horizontal accuracies for all categories. The obtained results with different satellite configurations for the Fixed-Wide-Lane integer ambiguity solution are compared with each other. Accuracy at the short baseline (BeiDou, QZSS, and BeiDou/QZSS satellites) was obtained in the range of 0.5–0.7 cm. For the medium baseline, it was computed around 1.8–82 cm. For the long baseline, the accuracy was 5.6–13.3 cm.

Numerical Modeling of a Low-Cobalt All-Solid-State Cell with Ceramic Electrolyte Using a Deformable Geometry

All-solid-state batteries with a lithium negative electrode and a ceramic electrolyte are key toward high energy density. To ensure a safe, fast, accurate, and cost-effective development of this technology, the experimental methodology must be supported by the numerical modeling approach. This work proposes and describes an electrochemical model of a Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and Ni-rich NMC-based lithium cell with a deformable lithium negative electrode. Simulations were computed using the finite element method at different operating conditions to demonstrate the scope of the modeling work. Discharge rate tests, deformation tracking, geometric defect investigation, and polarization decomposition are described. Theoretical validation of the mass balance, the stripping rate, the ohmic polarization, and the mesh deformation demonstrated the consistency of the volumetric deformation strategy. We demonstrated in this study a deformable modeling strategy, which was found to be useful for the electrostripping analysis of anodic geometry defects during discharge. Non-uniformity in the lithium stripping rate was found along the anodic interface with defects, and this non-uniformity was accentuated with a higher discharge rate. The cell’s discharge potential was decomposed by considering the equilibrium potential and the polarizations of the main components of the cell. This post-processing was found to be useful for the understanding of the cell’s behavior.

The development history and future prospects of artificial intelligence in facial recognition technology

In recent decades, with the fast development of various algorithms and the rapid improvement of computer hardware performance, the development of facial recognition technology has been very rapid. This technology used to only appear in science fiction movies, but now it has been widely used in mobile payments, identity recognition, and other fields, and it also has very reliable performance. This article introduces the different facial recognition methods used in different periods of facial recognition technology from the 1960s and 1970s to the present day, to help people understand the development process of facial recognition technology. Among them, the focus is on early methods based on geometric features, grayscale information, and feature extraction, as well as recent applications based on deep learning and convolutional neural networks. In response to some challenges faced by current technology, some speculations on possible future development directions are proposed.

Artifact feature purification for cross-domain detection of AI-generated images

In the era of AIGC, the fast development of visual content generation technologies, such as diffusion models, brings potential security risks to our society. Existing generated image detection methods suffer from performance drops when faced with out-of-domain generators and image scenes. To relieve this problem, we propose Artifact Purification Network (APN) to facilitate the artifact extraction from generated images through the explicit and implicit purification processes. For the explicit one, a suspicious frequency-band proposal method and a spatial feature decomposition method are proposed to extract artifact-related features. For the implicit one, a training strategy based on mutual information estimation is proposed to further purify the artifact-related features. The experiments are conducted in two settings. Firstly, we perform a cross-generator evaluation, wherein detectors trained using data from one generator are evaluated on data generated by other generators. Secondly, we conduct a cross-scene evaluation, wherein detectors trained for a specific domain of content (e.g., ImageNet) are assessed on data collected from another domain (e.g., LSUN-Bedroom). Results show that for cross-generator detection, the average accuracy of APN is 5.6%∼16.4% higher than the previous 11 methods on the GenImage dataset and 1.7%∼50.1% on the DiffusionForensics dataset. For cross-scene detection, APN maintains its high performance. Via visualization analysis, we find that the proposed method can extract diverse forgery patterns and condense the forgery information diluted in irrelated features. We also find that the artifact features APN focuses on across generators and scenes are global and diverse. The code will be available at https://github.com/RichardSunnyMeng/APN-official-codes.

Application and Efficacy of Virtual Sailing as an Exercise Therapy: A Narrative Review

Abstract Purpose The concept of virtual exercise is still a nascent domain for therapeutic intervention. In light of the importance of exercise and the fast development of digital technologies, virtual exercise possesses a promising potential for future development. Sailing is a recreational exercise that has helped the rehabilitation of patients with neurological and physiological disorders and improved their quality of life. However, challenges exist in implementing physical sailing as an intervention, due to the cost and the extent of uncertainty of this sport. While studies remain limited, over the past twenty years, simulated sailing that combines virtual reality with complex motor learning and optimum decision-making is emerging as a potential digital exercise that possesses broad therapeutic applications for future exploration. This review aims to have a more complete understanding of the clinical application of virtual sailing as an emerging exercise therapy. Methods Literature searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE bibliographic databases for research articles published from January 1994 to January 2024 (inclusive). We performed a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) analysis to evaluate the implementation of virtual sailing as a new therapeutic intervention, opening unanswered questions for future investigation. Results Out of 205 articles searched from databases, 31 advanced to full-text screening and 7 articles were eligible for inclusion in this narrative review. This review summarises the application and therapeutic efficacy of virtual sailing in improving both motor and psychosocial functions. We also shared our perspectives on developing virtual sailing as an exercise therapy for treating neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on pre-clinical and clinical evidence as well as the proposed mechanism by which virtual sailing could influence neural plasticity in the central nervous system. Conclusion Virtual sailing is a promising exercise therapy feasible for future implementation, although large-scale trial studies involving a diverse range of clinical conditions are required.

Hybrid stacked autoencoder with dwarf mongoose optimization for Phishing attack detection in internet of things environment

With the fast development of the Internet of Things (IoTs), phishing attacks are transferring to this domain because of the number of IoT devices and private data they can handle. IoT phishing suggests the malicious practice of targeting IoT devices and their users to steal sensitive data, gain unauthorized access, or compromise the safety and functionality of these devices. Phishing attacks in the framework of IoT take several procedures, comprising SMS phishing, email phishing, or even physical attacks on the devices themselves. Deep learning (DL) approaches are executed to improve the prevention and detection of IoT phishing attacks. Consequently, this article introduces a Dwarf Mongoose Optimization with deep learning for Phishing Attack Detection (DMODL-PAD) method in an IoT platform. The objective of the DMODL-PAD method is to utilize feature selection (FS) with a hyperparameter tuning strategy for automated phishing attack detection in the IoT platform. The DMODL-PAD method involves the DMO model, unlike the FS method. Afterwards, a hybrid stacked autoencoder (HSAE) model can execute the phishing attack detection process. The DMODL-PAD method uses a jellyfish search optimizer (JSO) for the hyperparameter tuning process. The experimentation validation of the DMODL-PAD technique has been examined under a benchmark database. The extensive outcomes portrayed the superior detection results of the DMODL-PAD technique over other recent methods. These results ensured that the DMODL-PAD technique could effectually detect phishing attacks from the IoT environment.

Fast development and validation of a Sensing Suite system for CubeSats

Educational CubeSats still remain valuable hands-on practice activity in an academic environment and provide effective and innovative solutions from technical and management points of view. Fast delivery and low cost is the paradigm driving such projects. Contemporary, the simplicity of the solutions has to match with reliability to guarantee the success of the on orbit operations. The present paper shows the entire life cycle of a Sensing Suite System suitable as scientific data collector within a CubeSat, developed in less than four months from the conceptual design to the delivery and reaching the orbit in less than six months. Technical solutions for hardware and software development and test and management good practices are provided. Circuits details to withstand and/or tolerate the space environment and data handling to maximize the number of data and measurements gathered onboard are explained. The use of breadboards and flat-sat arrangements support both the design and verification of the protoflight comprising the schedule and increasing the confidence level on the goodness of the entire solution. The reliability of the design is proven through the entire assembly, integration and verification campaign and validated by the data sent by the satellite during the operative mission.

Are natural resources, sustainable growth and entrepreneurship matter endogenous growth theory? The strategic role of technical progress

The increasing environmental degradation is a major obstacle, despite the fact that the world has done a good job of dealing with sustainable development recently. This research sets out to fill that gap by examining 38 Asian economies from 2000 to 2021 in an effort to identify the novel factors that will determine sustainable growth. Progress in technology, availability of raw materials, technological advancement, and entrepreneurship are some of the factors that determine this. Similar to previous empirical research, this study's aims are investigated using the following tests: system GMM, quantile GMM, GMM, two-stage system, and one-step system GMM. Nonetheless, the results of the study show that technological innovation, gross capital creation, and the domestic labor force all contribute positively to economic development. In a similar vein, the endogenous growth hypothesis predicts that when economies develop rapidly, their use of natural resources would decrease. Additionally, some economies see a rise in growth when they engage in entrepreneurial activity and use renewable energy sources. This report also recommends some viable approaches for Asian countries to achieve fast development through the management of natural resources.

Mimicking nature to develop halide perovskite semiconductors from proteins and metal carbonates

Halide perovskite (HPs) nanostructures have recently gained extensive worldwide attentions because of their remarkable optoelectronic properties and fast developments. However, intrinsic instability against environmental factors—i.e., temperature, humidity, illumination, and oxygen—restricted their real-life applications. HPs are typically synthesized as colloids by employing organic solvents and ligands. Consequently, the precise control and tuning of complex 3D perovskite morphologies are challenging and have hardly been achieved by conventional fabrication methods. Here, we combine the benefits of self-assembly of biomolecules and an ion exchange reaction (IER) approach to customize HPs spatial shapes and composition. Initially, we apply a biomineralization approach, using biological templates (such as biopolymers, proteins, or protein assemblies), modulating the morphology of MCO3 (M = Ca2+, Ba2+) nano/microstructures. We then show that the morphology of the materials can be maintained throughout an IER process to form surface HPs with a wide variety of morphologies. The fabricated core–shell structures of metal carbonates and HPs introduce nano/microcomposites that can be sculpted into a wide diversity of 3D architectures suitable for various potential applications such as sensors, detectors, catalysis, etc. As a prototype, we fabricate disposable humidity sensors with an 11–95% detection range by casting the formed bio-templated nano/micro-composites on paper substrate.

Aplikasi Sistem Laporan Kerja Harian Staf Pelayanan PT. Securindo Packatama Indonesia Berbasis Web dengan Metode Rapid Application Development

This study aims to develop a web-based daily work report information system that is more effective, efficient, and computerized. The application is designed to assist service staff in preparing daily reports and provides a data backup medium for work programs. The study employs the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, which emphasizes fast development through iterative prototyping and active user involvement. RAD consists of several phases, including planning, design workshops, and implementation, allowing continuous user feedback to incrementally improve the system. Data was collected through field studies with direct observation, discussions with colleagues, and interviews with relevant parties. The application was built using PHP and MySQL and tested comprehensively to ensure performance and accuracy. The study concludes that the system effectively facilitates report recapitulation and performance data presentation, improving operational efficiency at PT. Securindo Packatama Indonesia.

Novel Mito-Nuclear Combinations Facilitate the Global Invasion of a Major Agricultural Crop Pest.

A fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in biological invasions is crucial to developing effective risk assessment and control measures against invasive species. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly invasive pest that has rapidly spread from its native Americas into much of the Eastern Hemisphere, with a highly homogeneous nuclear genetic background. However, the exact mechanism behind its rapid introduction and propagation remains unclear. Here, a systematic investigation is conducted into the population dynamics of FAW in China from 2019 to 2021 and found that FAW individuals carrying "rice" mitochondria (FAW-mR) are more prevalent (>98%) than that with "corn" mitochondria (FAW-mC) at the initial stage of the invasion and in newly-occupied non-overwintering areas. Further fitness experiments show that the two hybrid-strains of FAW exhibit different adaptions in the new environment in China, and this may have been facilitated by amino acid changes in mitochondrial-encoded proteins. FAW-mR used increases energy metabolism, faster wing-beat frequencies, and lower wing loadings to drive greater flight performance and subsequent rapid colonization of new habitats. In contrast, FAW-mC individuals adapt with more relaxed mitochondria and shuttle energetics into maternal investment, observed as faster development rate and higher fecundity. The presence of two different mitochondria types within FAW has the potential to significantly expand the range of damage and enhance competitive advantage. Overall, the study describes a novel invasion mechanism displayed by the FAW population that facilitates its expansion and establishment in new environments.

P-204 Automated embryo assessment: a simple web application correlates scores with embryo morphology, developmental velocity, ploidy, and clinical outcomes

Abstract Study question How does the novel automated scoring system in our laboratory correlate with treatment success in different subpopulations? Summary answer The web app automates embryo assessment, linking scores to morphology, development speed, ploidy, and clinical outcomes in treatments with both patient and donor oocytes. What is known already In the realm of assisted reproductive technologies, numerous platforms employing artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged for embryo assessment. Substantial research has been dedicated to evaluating the efficacy of AI in predicting pregnancy outcomes, particularly following blastocyst transfer. However, not all available options have undergone external validation, a crucial step deemed necessary before investing in such tools. This project endeavors to validate the utility of EMBRYOAID v1.0, a straightforward web application capable of assessing embryos through photos and/or videos. Study design, size, duration This is a retrospective cohort study including 485 patients who underwent IVF treatments with embryos (n = 5,710) cultured in EmbryoScope® time-lapse systems. Senior embryologists routinely assessed blastocysts using ASEBIR morphological criteria (A-D). Then, time-lapse videos were scored by the EMBRYOAID algorithm (0-10). We investigated the relationship between automated scoring and: (I) conventional morphology, (II) morphokinetic parameters, (III) euploidy rate, and (IV) implantation in cycles with own oocytes, egg donation, and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A). Participants/materials, setting, methods The association with morphology and morphokinetics was investigated in 5,710 embryos. Ploidy correlation involved 258 blastocysts undergoing trophectoderm biopsy and next-generation sequencing analysis. Implantation association was studied in 381 single blastocyst transfers. Finally, a multivariable analysis considered oocyte age, body mass index, type of transfer (fresh-frozen) and day of transfer (5-6) to quantify the relevance of automated scoring in different treatment subpopulations. Model performance was assessed through ROC curves and area under the curve calculations. Main results and the role of chance The results that involved grouping were quartiled based on sample size, calculated by the statistical software. This deep-learning score was related to conventional morphology (7.9±1 for A, n = 295; 6.9±1.3 for B n = 1168; 5.9±1.3 for C, n = 830; and 3.1±1.8 for D, n = 3,417)*. Embryos with faster development in early stages received higher scores, considering division times at 2, 3, 4, and 5 cells*. Euploidy rate increased as the embryo score was higher: 39.1% for ≤5.6 (n = 54), 45.5% for 5.6-6.2 (n = 61), 48.5% for 6.2-6.9 (n = 65) and 58.2% for >6.9 (n = 78). Similarly, the implantation rate was also higher in accordance with the score: 42.7% for ≤6.2 (n = 73), 50.6% for 6.2-7.4 (n = 87), 60.2% for 7.4-8.2 (n = 103) and 69.4% for >8.2 (n = 118). The stepwise multivariate analysis showed that embryo score was related to the odds of implantation in conventional treatments with patient oocytes (OR = 1.4; 95% CI [1.1-1.8]*) and in the oocyte donation program (OR = 1.2; 95% CI [1–1.4]*). The AUCs demonstrated the following performance: 0.643 (0.559-0.727) for patient oocytes and 0.677 (0,624-0,731) for the oocyte donation program. There was no significant association of embryo score with implantation in PGT-A treatments. Limitations, reasons for caution The retrospective nature of the study, despite serving as a thorough external validation, introduces inherent limitations. Notably, in PGT-A treatments, embryos underwent assisted hatching on day 3, potentially influencing the model’s performance. Wider implications of the findings The implications of our findings validate a user-friendly tool for automated embryo scoring in the laboratory. The achieved performance is comparable or superior to other tested models, particularly in egg donation programs, potentially encouraging clinics to adopt this tool routinely. Trial registration number Not applicable

O-323 Sex-dependent discrepancies in automatic scoring: implications for the performance of embryo evaluation and selection methods

Abstract Study question Are artificial intelligence-based embryo evaluation and selection algorithms equally effective for male and female embryos? Summary answer Compared to female embryos, male embryos exhibited higher automatic scores, superior performance in KIDScore D5 v3, and poorer performance in iDAScore v2 in predicting implantation. What is known already It is known that the secondary sex ratio favors males in assisted reproductive techniques. The reason could be an unbalanced selection, as there is evidence that male embryos undergo faster development and have better morphology than female embryos. Based on this premise, artificial intelligence (AI) models currently used for embryo selection may not perform equally well for embryos of both sexes. We aimed to analyze the performance of two models for assessing male and female embryos: KIDScore D5 v3 and iDAScore v2. Study design, size, duration This is a retrospective cohort study involving 481 patients included in the preimplantation genetic testing program over a year and a half. The euploid embryos (n = 1,181) were divided into male (n = 577) and female (n = 604) groups and the automatic scores received by two artificial intelligence-based evaluation models (KIDScore D5 v3 and iDAScore v2) were considered with respect to implantation. Participants/materials, setting, methods All embryos underwent assisted hatching on day 3 of embryo development and trophoectoderm biopsy at the blastocyst stage (day 5 or 6). The embryos’ sex chromosomes were revealed using a highly validated method. Routine embryo assessment and selection were performed using conventional morphology according to ASEBIR criteria. Retrospectively, embryos were automatically scored from 1 to 9.9. Means, standard deviations, odds ratios (OR), and areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated using IBMSPSS Statistics software. Main results and the role of chance In general, male embryos exhibited a significantly higher iDAScore than female embryos (6.9±2.2 vs. 6.4±2.5)**; no differences for KIDScore (6.1±1.7 vs. 5.9±1.8). This indicates that if the selection were based on the iDAScore, more male embryos would be transferred. Male embryos: 323 male embryos were transferred with an implantation rate of 53.8%. Implanted male embryos had higher automatic score compared to non-implanted ones (6.7±1.6 vs. 6±1.7 for KIDScore** and 7.3±2 vs. 6.8±2.1 for iDAScore*). For KIDScore: OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.1-1.5] and AUC 0.612 (0.545-0.678). For iDAScore: OR = 1.1, 95% CI [1-1.3] and AUC 0.575 (0.511-0.638). This suggests a higher performance of KIDScore in predicting implantation in male embryos. Female embryos: 318 female embryos were transferred with an implantation rate of 47.7%. Implanted female embryos had higher iDAScore compared to non-implanted ones (7±2.3 vs. 6.3±2.5)*; no differences for KIDScore (6.2±1.8 vs. 6±1.8). For KIDScore: OR = 1.1, 95% CI [0.9-1.2] and AUC 0.542 (0.472-0.612). For iDAScore: OR = 1.1 95% CI [1-1.2] and AUC 0.584 (0.520-0.648). This suggests a higher performance of iDAScore in predicting implantation in female embryos. *pvalue<0.05; **pvalue<0.01 Limitations, reasons for caution The primary limitation of our study is the assisted hatching process performed on embryos on day 3 of development, which may impact late-stage development. This could be a possible reason for the considerably lower performance of the models. Wider implications of the findings Our study revealed objective differences between male and female embryos, as well as distinct performance for two AI-based embryo selection models. These findings suggest that the employed embryo selection model may impact the secondary sex ratio. Trial registration number Not applicable

Innovative solutions: Of internet of things and biotechnology

The broad term, "biotechnology" dates to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and their modification through breeding programmes using artificial choice and conjugation. Attaining sustainability requires fast research and developments in every sector including the most diversified field of biotechnology. The Internet of Things (IoT), one of the coveted areas in technological revolution carries tremendous potential for the transformation of research, innovation and invention in every discipline. IoT provides a window for the efficient, reproducible, fast and precise research into biotechnological research. The potential role of IoT in advancing innovation, conferring economic up-scaling and invention in biotechnology was explored in this editorial.

WITHDRAWN: Folic acid Grafted, cell-penetrating peptide conjugated pH-sensitive hydrophobically modified Glycol chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery in breast cancer

Nanocarriers are an outcome of the fast development of nanotechnology; however, delivering drugs to tumor sites effectively is still a major difficulty. A pH-responsive drug carrier with good cell penetration and targeting ability was developed to release the drug exactly to the cancer site and overcome these limitations.The drug carrier FA-TAT-HGCNPs/PTX, which is pH-responsive, uses folic acid (FA) and TAT peptide to deliver paclitaxel (PTX) for target folate-receptor-overexpressing breast cancer cells. 2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate was connected to glycol chitosan (GC) to form HGCNPs. Then TAT and HGCNPs were conjugated and FA was grafted onto the HGCNPs’ hydroxyl group. Physicochemical characterizations of FA-TAT-HGCNPs was also evaluated. The maximum DLE and EE values of the FA-TAT-HGCNPs at pH 8.0 were 74.0 ± 2.22 % and 93.7 ± 2.8 %, respectively. FA-TAT-HGCNPs, for instance, showed stability during long-term storage and lyophilization while exhibiting pH-responsive dissociation properties. The synthesized drug carrier was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, DLS, and Zeta analysis. MTT assay exhibited the high anticancer activity of the FA-TAT-HGCNPs/PTX against the MCF-7 cells, whereas drug-free ones are highly biocompatible. The pharmacokinetic results showed twice the bioavailability of FA-TAT-HGCNPs/PTX compared to HGCNPs/PTX. Unlike FA-HGCNPs/PTX, CLSM analysis showed that FA-TAT-HGCNPs/PTX had a significantly more efficient intracellular uptake in MCF-7 cells. These data have shown the transmembrane ability of TATpeptide,the targeting effects of folate decoration, and the synergistic interaction between them.According to these findings, PTX-loaded FA-TAT-HGCNPs offer a potentially effective nanoscale drug delivery system for the treatment of breast cancer.

Life cycle analysis of a network of small modular reactors

Abstract Small modular reactors are highly-touted as the next-generation nuclear reactors that can provide alternatives to baseload energy sources such as coal and gas. Lesser dependence on these energy resources may enable faster development in poorer countries. The small modular reactors’ modularity allows for faster construction times vis-à-vis large reactors. Together with this, as more of the same reactors are constructed, costs are expected to decrease with learnings made from the experience of producing the previous one. From a technological point of view, Small modular reactors are capable of generating energy at a lower cost compared to large reactors due to the lesser capital costs that arise from faster construction times. However, it is important to understand the overall environmental impact of small modular reactors when used as a network of reactors to generate energy. Life-cycle analysis is an accepted methodology to assess various environmental impacts of technology from cradle to grave. In this work, a case study of the development of a network of small modular reactors with a unique supply chain is presented. Since small modular reactors can be sited separately, and with its comparatively higher number of reactors and plants, the same network of small modular reactors has a higher carbon footprint than a single large reactor. However, this result should be carefully considered together with other criteria that affect the decision-making in the construction and development of small modular reactors or large reactors as these may outweigh marginally higher carbon footprints, such as economic, social, and political benefits.

Accelerated hermaphrodite maturation on male pheromones suggests a general principle of coordination between larval behavior and development.

Environment in general and social signals in particular could alter development. In Caenorhabditis elegans, male pheromones hasten development of hermaphrodite larvae. We show that this involves acceleration of growth and both somatic and germline development during the last larval stage (L4). Larvae exposed to male pheromones spend more time in L3 and less in the quiescent period between L3 and L4. This behavioral alteration improves provision in early L4, likely allowing for faster development. Larvae must be exposed to male pheromones in late L3 for behavioral and developmental effects to occur. Latter portions of other larval stages also contain periods of heightened sensitivity to environmental signals. Behavior during the early part of the larval stages is biased toward exploration, whereas later the emphasis shifts to food consumption. We argue that this organization allows assessment of the environment to identify the most suitable patch of resources, followed by acquisition of sufficient nutrition and salient information for the developmental events in the next larval stage. Evidence from other species indicates that such coordination of behavior and development may be a general feature of larval development.

진보된 인터넷 발전효과가 스낵컬처에 미치는 영향

With the fast development of the lntemet in the late 20th century and the widespread adoption of smartphones, the importance of smartphones has increased significantly, becoming an integral part of daily life. This surge in smartphone usage has led to the emergence of various media and content, including the advent of “snack culture” and short-form content. While short-form content offers the advantage of quick and concise information consumption for media consumers, there is a downside of potential addiction due to easy access to infmmation. This paper focuses on the impact of the development of the Internet on the emergence of snack culture and its implications. The study categorizes the variables influenced by the advancement of the Internet into the usefulness and easy ues of smartphone adoption, the diversification of information search in terms of informativeness and immediacy, and the innovation and suitability of infmmation system development. It seeks to understand the causal relationships with the establishment of a multi-media environment and explores the satisfaction arising from the emergence of snack culture in various areas. The research involves data collection through surveys, and hypothesis testing is conducted using Smart PLS 4.0 and IBM SPSS version 23.0. The conclusions drawn are as follows: Firstly, the effects of the Internet development on smartphone adoption rates and the diversification of information search do not significantly impact the multi-media envirorunent, leading to the rejection of H1-1 and H1-2. Secondly, the impact of the Internet development on information system development is significant in the multi-media envirorunent, leading to the acceptance of H1-3. 1birdly, the multi-media envirorunent significantly influences the emergence of snack culture, supporting its adoption. The paper thus contributes to explodng the utilization of snack culture in various domains resulting from the effects of the Internet development.

FASHION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING’S INFLUENCE ON THE APPAREL MARKET

Consumer behavior has changed across many sectors as a result of the fast development of digital technology, including the fashion industry. For fashion brands to market their goods, interact with customers, and affect purchasing behavior, social media platforms have emerged as potent tools. This research is to investigate how social media advertising affects the apparel marketplace with a specific emphasis on customer participation, alternatives, and shopping for conduct. The study utilizes quantitative analysis to evaluate the have an effect on of social media systems like as Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube on fashion tendencies and sales. The sample of 250 respondents is drawn from Bhilai, Durg, and Raipur. Results show that social media marketing has a significant impact on consumer decisions, especially for younger audiences that interact with fashion information on digital platforms more often. For fashion brands hoping to use social media as a major marketing tool in the digital era, the findings provide insightful information.

A fenntartható élelmiszer-fogyasztás összefüggései

The past seventy years have been perhaps the fastest development phase in human history. The concept of sustainable development is the sense of responsibility towards future generations, the so-called emphasizes intergenerational solidarity by recognizing the right of future generations to meet their needs. The biggest challenge facing humanity is finding solutions to reduce the damage it causes. The key to this is changing consumption habits. We believe that a food consumption structure that has a low environmental impact, but at the same time an insufficient nutrient density, cannot be considered sustainable, as this leads to malnutrition and deficiency diseases. A sustainable food system (SFS) is a food system that ensures food security and healthy nutrition for all, in a way that does not jeopardize the economic, social and environmental foundations for future generations. Based on what has been described so far, it is clear that the environment and health are two key dimensions of a sustainable diet or sustainable food consumption. The article presents the implementation possibilities of sustainable food consumption through examples.JEL Codes: E2, Q5