In the wake of rapid advancements in information technology, the need for reliable and efficient data transmission continues to escalate in importance. Channel coding, as a pivotal technology, holds significant influence over data communication. This paper delves into the fundamental technologies of channel coding and their prominent applications. Initially, the study introduces the current research status and the significance of channel coding. Following this, a comprehensive illustration and introduction to the classical coding methods of channel coding are provided. Concluding this exploration, the paper elucidates on the prevalent applications of different channel coding methodologies in scenarios such as the Internet of Things, 5G, and satellite communication, using real-world examples for clarity. Through this comprehensive research, readers gain an understanding of the key technologies underpinning channel coding, as well as the diverse applications that typify its use. By casting light on the practical implications of channel coding in contemporary technological contexts, the paper serves as a valuable resource for those seeking to deepen their knowledge and understanding of this pivotal field.