Fast Movements Research Articles

A Video Target Tracking and Correction Model with Blockchain and Robust Feature Location

In this paper, a cutting-edge video target tracking system is proposed, combining feature location and blockchain technology. The location method makes full use of feature registration and received trajectory correction signals to achieve high accuracy in tracking targets. The system leverages the power of blockchain technology to address the challenge of insufficient accuracy in tracking occluded targets, by organizing the video target tracking tasks in a secure and decentralized manner. To further enhance the accuracy of small target tracking, the system uses adaptive clustering to guide the target location process across different nodes. In addition, the paper also presents an unmentioned trajectory optimization post-processing approach, which is based on result stabilization, effectively reducing inter-frame jitter. This post-processing step plays a crucial role in maintaining a smooth and stable track of the target, even in challenging scenarios such as fast movements or significant occlusions. Experimental results on CarChase2 (TLP) and basketball stand advertisements (BSA) datasets show that the proposed feature location method is better than the existing methods, achieving a recall of 51% (27.96+) and a precision of 66.5% (40.04+) in the CarChase2 dataset and recall of 85.52 (11.75+)% and precision of 47.48 (39.2+)% in the BSA dataset. Moreover, the proposed video target tracking and correction model performs better than the existing tracking model, showing a recall of 97.1% and a precision of 92.6% in the CarChase2 dataset and an average recall of 75.9% and mAP of 82.87% in the BSA dataset, respectively. The proposed system presents a comprehensive solution for video target tracking, offering high accuracy, robustness, and stability. The combination of robust feature location, blockchain technology, and trajectory optimization post-processing makes it a promising approach for a wide range of video analytics applications, such as surveillance, autonomous driving, and sports analysis.

Superatom Pruning by Diphosphine Ligands as a Chemical Scissor.

A two-electron silver superatom, [Ag6{S2P(OiPr)2}4(dppm)2] (1), was synthesized by adding dppm (bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) into [Ag20{S2P(OiPr)2}12] (8e). It was characterized by single-crystal crystallography, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, density functional theory (DFT), and time-dependent DFT calculations. The added dppm ligands, which carry out the nanocluster-to-nanocluster transformation, act as a chemical scissor to prune the nanocluster geometrically from an icosahedron-based Ag20 nanocluster (NC) to an octahedral Ag6 NC and electronically from eight-electron to two-electron. Eventually, dppm was involved in the protective shell to form a new heteroleptic NC. The temperature-dependent NMR spectroscopy confirms its fluxional behavior, showing the fast atomic movement at ambient temperature. Compound 1 exhibits a bright yellow emission under UV irradiation at ambient temperature with a quantum yield of 16.3%. This work demonstrates a new methodology to achieve nanocluster-to-nanocluster transformation via stepwise synthesis.

Power Autonomy and Agility Control of an Untethered Insect-Scale Soft Robot.

It is still challenging to achieve agility and trajectory control for untethered soft robots on an insect scale given their low mechanical impedance and compact structures. In this study, fast translational movements and swift turning motions are demonstrated on a power autonomous soft robot with a piezoelectric-thin-film-actuated body and electrostatic turning footpads. A high relative running speed of 2.5 body length per second compared with existing untethered robots is realized on a 24-mm-long untethered prototype integrated with power source, control, and wireless communication modules. An arc-shaped leg structure is adopted to self-regulate the frication forces on different footpads during turning by an inclination-induced redistribution of the payload gravity on legs and footpads. The trajectory maneuverability is demonstrated by navigating a 380 mg robot prototype with an 1810 mg payload to pass through a 58-cm-long S-shaped path with wireless control in 43.4 s. Due to the flexibility of the all-polymer body structure, the robustness of the untethered robot to large strain is demonstrated when compressed by 91 times the weight of the robot. A maximum travel distance of 58.6 m is achieved for the robot equipped with a 40 mA·h lithium battery, corresponding to the cost of transport of 261. This work provides a feasible solution to achieve high agility and advance the practicability of untethered soft robots on an insect scale.

АСИМПТОТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В ЗАДАЧАХ СУПЕРВИЗОРНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ АВТОНОМНЫХ ПОДВОДНЫХ РОБОТОВ

The work is devoted to the relevant problem of control synthesis for autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs). Since AUVs must perform actions in accordance with a given program under conditionsof a volatile predictable environment, it is necessary to provide working tools, the use of which, togetherwith the AUV position and orientation control requires, along with continuous local stabilization means,implementation of supervising and coordinated control algorithms at the upper level. Such a two-levelcontrol scheme, which can be called supervisory, is proposed in this paper to be implemented using twotypes of asymptotic methods: to separate movements into fast and slow, an apparatus for analyzing singularly perturbed differential equations is used, and the upper level control is based on the principleof large deviations. The general synthesis task is to control slow movements and stabilize fast movements.At the same time, in the stochastic problem formulation, it is assumed that there is a randomperturbation in fast movements. Given that fast movements are stabilized, it is high probable that thenoise influence averaged and does not significantly affect the behavior of slow variables. However, withsufficiently long observation it is possible to find a situation where at some period the perturbation valuesare not only uncompensated, but, on the contrary, line up in a sequence as specially intended toform an apparent deviation of the slow sub-vector from equilibrium. It is known from the theory of largedeviations that such a trajectory is the only and most likely of all those leading to a certain critical event.At the same time, the phase of this process can be used to judge the critical event proximity. For thisreason, the large deviations theory usage makes it possible to organize the control of deviations from aiven object’ t jecto y, capable of giving estimates on the probability of the controlled deviationscritical values. As a result, it is shown that if accelerations are formed by fast subsystems, then in slowsubsystems it is possible not only to achieve acceptable quality and accuracy at a fixed interval, but alsoto ensure this regardless of the disturbances. The validity of the proposed approach to synthesis, basedon the separation of movements and the large deviations theory, is shown on the example of an autonomousunderwater vehicle with two rudders (fore and aft) in the task of controlling longitudinal motion ata given depth. Simulation results and their discussion are presented.

Dynamics of Two-Link Musculoskeletal Chains during Fast Movements: Endpoint Force, Axial, and Shear Joint Reaction Forces

This study provides a dynamic model for a two-link musculoskeletal chain controlled by single-joint and two-joint muscles. The chain endpoint force, and the axial and shear components of the joint reaction forces, were expressed analytically as a function of the muscle forces or torques, the chain configuration, and the link angular velocities and accelerations. The model was applied to upper-limb ballistic push movements involving transverse plane shoulder flexion and elbow extension. The numerical simulation highlights that the shoulder flexion and elbow extension angular acceleration at the initial phase of the movement, and the elbow extension angular velocity and acceleration at the later phase of the movement, induce a proportional medial deviation in the endpoint force direction. The forearm angular velocity and acceleration selectively affect the value of the axial and shear components of the shoulder reaction force, depending on the chain configuration. The same goes for the upper arm and elbow. The combined contribution of the elbow extension angular velocity and acceleration may give rise to anterior shear force acting on the humerus and axial forearm traction force as high as 300 N. This information can help optimize the performance and estimate/control of the joint loads in ballistic sport activities and power-oriented resistance exercises.

Transposon mutagenesis and genome sequencing identify two novel, tandem genes involved in the colony spreading of Flavobacterium collinsii, isolated from an ayu fish, Plecoglossus altivelis.

Bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae (flavobacteria) primarily comprise nonpathogenic bacteria that inhabit soil and water (both marine and freshwater). However, some bacterial species in the family, including Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Flavobacterium columnare, are known to be pathogenic to fish. Flavobacteria, including the abovementioned pathogenic bacteria, belong to the phylum Bacteroidota and possess two phylum-specific features, gliding motility and a protein secretion system, which are energized by a common motor complex. Herein, we focused on Flavobacterium collinsii (GiFuPREF103) isolated from a diseased fish (Plecoglossus altivelis). Genomic analysis of F. collinsii GiFuPREF103 revealed the presence of a type IX secretion system and additional genes associated with gliding motility and spreading. Using transposon mutagenesis, we isolated two mutants with altered colony morphology and colony spreading ability; these mutants had transposon insertions in pep25 and lbp26. The glycosylation material profiles revealed that these mutants lacked the high-molecular-weight glycosylated materials present in the wild-type strain. In addition, the wild-type strains exhibited fast cell population movement at the edge of the spreading colony, whereas reduced cell population behavior was observed in the pep25- and lbp26-mutant strains. In the aqueous environment, the surface layers of these mutant strains were more hydrophobic, and they formed biofilms with enhanced microcolony growth compared to those with the wild-type. In Flavobacterium johnsoniae, the Fjoh_0352 and Fjoh_0353 mutant strains were generated, which were based on the ortholog genes of pep25 and lbp26. In these F. johnsoniae mutants, as in F. collinsii GiFuPREF103, colonies with diminished spreading capacity were formed. Furthermore, cell population migration was observed at the edge of the colony in wild-type F. johnsoniae, whereas individual cells, and not cell populations, migrated in these mutant strains. The findings of the present study indicate that pep25 and lbp26 contribute to the colony spreading of F. collinsii.

Elemen Estetis Sendratari Manarajang Lawok pada Pertunjukan Launching Calendar of Charming Event Palembang Tahun 2022

The purpose of this paper is to find out how the aesthetic elements contained in the Manarajang Lawok ballet. The problem is focused on the aesthetic elements of choreography. In order to approach this problem, a theoretical, a theoretical reference from Y. Sumandiyo Hadi was used in 2012 with the title choreography (From-Engineering-Content). The data were collected throuhg data triangulation and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that the manarajang lawok ballet is a new creation, dance by 10 dancers. The Manarajang Lawok ballet is discussed in 3 aesthetic elements of choreography, namely the concept of motion as an aesthetic element of choreography, namely the movements performed by dancers are focussed in such away as to make it look epic when performed. The conceptof space as an aesthetic choreography element which is further divided into positive-negative space discussions, levels using low, medium and high levels, floor patterns using locomotor movement, stasionary and pause, directions using the eight cardinal directions, dimensions which includes height, width and depth. It is also discussed in the concept of time as an aesthetic element of choreography, which is divided into three parts, aspects of the tempo of the fast and slow movements performed by the dancers, the aspect of rhythm, namely the strenght and softness of the movements performed, and the duration, which is 11 minutes 40 seconds.

Naringin Alleviates Glucose-Induced Aging by Reducing Fat Accumulation and Promoting Autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Naringin (Nar) is a dihydroflavonoid compound, widely found in citrus fruit and used in Chinese herbal medicine. As a phytochemical, it acts as a dietary supplement that can delay aging and prevent aging-related disease, such as obesity and diabetes. However, its exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the high-glucose-induced (HGI) Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to evaluate the anti-aging and anti-obesity effects of Nar. The mean lifespan and fast movement span of HGI worms were extended roughly 24% and 11%, respectively, by Nar treatment. Oil red O staining revealed a significant reduction in fat accumulation and dFP::LGG-labeled worms showed the promotion of autophagy. Additionally, whole transcriptome sequencing and gene set variation analysis suggested that Nar upregulated the lipid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, as well as the TGF-β, Wnt and longevity signaling pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified hub genes in these pathways for further analysis. Mutant worms and RNA interference were used to study mechanisms; the suppression of hlh-30, lgg-1, unc-51, pha-4, skn-1 and yap-1 disabled the fat-lowering, lifespan-prolonging, and health-promoting properties of Nar. Collectively, our findings indicate that Nar plays an important role in alleviating HGI-aging and anti-obesity effects by reducing fat accumulation and promoting autophagy.

The Orienting Reflex Reveals Behavioral States Set by Demanding Contexts: Role of the Superior Colliculus.

Sensory stimuli can trigger an orienting reflex (response) by which animals move the head to position their sensors (e.g., eyes, pinna, whiskers). Orienting responses may be important to evaluate stimuli that call for action (e.g., approach, escape, ignore), but little is known about the dynamics of orienting responses in the context of goal-directed actions. Using mice of either sex, we found that, during a signaled avoidance action, the orienting response evoked by the conditioned stimulus (CS) consisted of a fast head movement containing rotational and translational components that varied substantially as a function of the behavioral and underlying brain states of the animal set by different task contingencies. Larger CS-evoked orienting responses were associated with high-intensity auditory stimuli, failures to produce the appropriate signaled action, and behavioral states resulting from uncertain or demanding situations and the animal's ability to cope with them. As a prototypical orienting neural circuit, we confirmed that the superior colliculus controls and codes the direction of spontaneous exploratory orienting movements. In addition, superior colliculus activity correlated with CS-evoked orienting responses, and either its optogenetic inhibition or excitation potentiated CS-evoked orienting responses, which are likely generated downstream in the medulla. CS-evoked orienting responses may be a useful probe to assess behavioral and related brain states, and state-dependent modulation of orienting responses may involve the superior colliculus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans and other animals produce an orienting reflex (also known as orienting response) by which they rapidly orient their head and sensors to evaluate novel or salient stimuli. Spontaneous orienting movements also occur during exploration of the environment in the absence of explicit, salient stimuli. We monitored stimulus-evoked orienting responses in mice performing signaled avoidance behaviors and found that these responses reflect the behavioral state of the animal set by contextual demands and the animal's ability to cope with them. Various experiments involving the superior colliculus revealed a well-established role in spontaneous orienting but only an influencing effect over orienting responses. Stimulus-evoked orienting responses may be a useful probe of behavioral and related brain states.

Active antennal movements in Drosophila can tune wind encoding

Insects use their antennae to smell odors,1,2 detect auditory cues,3,4 and sense mechanosensory stimuli such as wind5 and objects,6,7,8 frequently by combining sensory processing with active movements. Genetic access to antennal motor systems would therefore provide a powerful tool for dissecting the circuit mechanisms underlying active sensing, but little is known about how the most genetically tractable insect, Drosophila melanogaster, moves its antennae. Here, we use deep learning to measure how tethered Drosophila move their antennae in the presence of sensory stimuli and identify genetic reagents for controlling antennal movement. We find that flies perform both slow adaptive movements and fast flicking movements in response to wind-induced deflections, but not the attractive odor apple cider vinegar. Next, we describe four muscles in the first antennal segment that control antennal movements and identify genetic driver lines that provide access to two groups of antennal motor neurons and an antennal muscle. Through optogenetic inactivation, we provide evidence that antennal motor neurons contribute to active movements with different time courses. Finally, we show that activation of antennal motor neurons and muscles can adjust the gain and acuity of wind direction encoding by antennal displacement. Together, our experiments provide insight into the neural control of antennal movement and suggest that active antennal positioning in Drosophila may tune the precision of wind encoding.

Clinical Saccadometry: Establishing Evaluative Standards Using a Simplified Video Oculography Protocol in the Adult Population.

Saccadometry is an advanced ocular motor test battery that allows for the functional evaluation of the varied brain regions and circuits involved in the generation of fast, purposeful, and accurate saccadic eye movements. The test battery is composed of prosaccade (PS) and antisaccade (AS) tests that progressively increase cognitive demand. Existing saccadometry protocols qualitatively describe trends across the lifespan, but have not been widely adopted by clinicians. The aims of this study are to design an efficient and simplified clinical saccadometry protocol using video oculography (VOG) equipment and establish associated evaluative standards across the lifespan. Data were reported on 273 adults ages 18 to 69 years. Evaluative data on four measures: directional error rate (DE), latency (Lat), peak velocity (Vel), and accuracy (Acc) during PS and AS measurements were provided. Age-group differences were found in Lat (p < 0.01) and Vel (p = 0.04) during PS and age-group differences were found in DE (p = 0.04), Lat (p < 0.01) and Vel (p < 0.01) during AS. Gender differences were found in DE (p = 0.01) and Lat (p < 0.01) during AS. This study established a standardized and time-efficient protocol with evaluative standards for individuals ages 18 to 69 years old to enable the use of saccadometry as an objective measure in the clinic. Saccadometry allows clinicians to look beyond the traditional saccade test and evaluate complex oculomotor and cognitive functions that will better help clinicians differentiate between peripheral and central diagnoses.

3D-Printed High-Frequency Dielectric Elastomer Actuator toward Insect-Scale Ultrafast Soft Robot

Insects with small and light bodies possess the capability of agile and fast movement in a small space. Inspired by nature, an insect-like soft robot may update the strategies in many scenarios like exploration, rescue, etc. However, the design and mass manufacture of soft robots combining insect size, fast mobility, good robustness, and impact-perception capability still present great engineering challenges. Herein, we report an insect-scale (15 mm body length (BL), 450 mg body weight) and ultrafast (∼4.0 BL s–1) soft robot. The remarkable motion performance is attributed to the high-frequency (760 Hz) operation as well as the long lifetime (>one million cycles) of its artificial muscle, which is a coil dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) made by multimaterial coaxial three-dimensional printing with well-designed highly elastic materials and 5-inlets nozzle structure. The current robot is not only the smallest and fastest among the reported DEA-driven robots but also obtains high robustness, good environmental adaptability, and impact-perception capability: It can run on various grounds and complex paths, climb inside small pipes, work in robot swarms, and sustain and perceive the impact of the external environment.

Minimal force to move the heavier opponent

In sports and daily life, we often experience situations where we should carry an object by pushing it. In this study, we analyse sumo, a Japanese traditional sport, in which one can be a winner by pushing the opponent to the outside of dohyo, the wrestling ring. The optimal strategy for the lighter wrestler to carry the heavier opponent by sliding on dohyo is explored in terms of physics. Although the lighter wrestler can never slide the opponent by pushing forward, this can be achieved by exerting the force diagonally upward. As a result of analysis, we obtain the magnitude and direction of the force that should be applied to initiate the sliding motion and ensure its fastest movement. The result reveals the existence of a critical weight ratio of the wrestlers; if the ratio is upper than a certain value, the lighter wrestler should push to a specific direction, while otherwise the optimal force direction depends on the weight. Due to the generality of physics and mathematics, the application is not limited to sumo; the result provides the most effective way to carry an object on a floor in all activities in sports, exercises, and daily life.

Interconnected CuO nanoplates as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

In this present work, we successfully develop copper oxide (CuO) nanoplates using a facile precipitation process without utilizing any convoluted equipment and high-cost raw materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed the formation of pure phase CuO powder. The sample exhibits an interconnected nanoplates-like structure, which facilitates the fast movement of charge carriers throughout the sample. For the sample, a moderate overpotential (492 mV vs SCE) is sufficient to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2. It exhibits a low Tafel slope of 69.5 mV dec−1 and achieved long-term stability over 5000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles.

Cricket fast bowling: The relationship between range of motion and key performance and injury technique characteristics

ABSTRACT Fast bowling technique characteristics associated with performance and injury have been established; however, the effect of joint range of motion (ROM) on technique remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate ROM and its effect on fast bowling technique. Eighteen ROM measures and thirteen technique parameters were determined for 45 elite male fast bowlers. Twenty-three significant correlations were found between the shoulder, hip, and ankle ROM measures and technique parameters (r = 0.300–0.452; p < 0.05). Shoulder ROM was observed to have the highest number of correlations with fast bowling technique. Increased internal rotation, less external rotation, and greater total arc of rotation were associated with technique characteristics previously linked with increased ball release speed and decreased lumbar stress injury risk. Although hip and ankle ROM were also correlated with technique, their association is yet to be understood. Future research should aim to determine the impact of ROM on fast bowling movement patterns. This knowledge is likely to be useful in enhancing the coaching and rehabilitation of fast bowlers from lumbar stress injuries.

Calculation of average acquisition probability for spiral–circular composite scanning in free space optical communication

This study investigates the acquisition probability calculation method for spiral–circular composite scanning (SCCS) in free space optical communication. The concepts of effective coverage area (ECA) and average acquisition probability (AAP) are proposed. Owing to the fast movement of the fine tracking system (FTS) of the transmitting terminal, the beam width of the transmitter is enlarged from the perspective of the receiving terminal, and the ECA is actually the enlarged area. Based on the concept of ECA, the SCCS can be considered as the traditional spiral scanning (TSS) with an enlarged beam. Then the AAP calculation method is presented to describe the acquisition probability by considering the field of uncertainty (FOU) and platform vibration simultaneously. Furthermore, the AAP builds up a connection between two existing concepts of acquisition probabilities and includes them as special cases. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by Monte Carlo simulations.

EFEKTIVITAS LATIHAN LARI ZIG-ZAG DENGAN SHUTTLE RUN TERHADAP KELINCAHAN PADA PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA DI SMAN KEBERBAKATAN OLAHRAGA MAKASSAR

Background : Agility is defined as a fast movement of the whole body with a change of speed or direction in response to a stimulus. It is an important motor skill in sports that involve multi-directional changes.Methods: This research is an experimental study using a quasi-experimental design using the pre test-post test two group design method. This study aims to determine the differences in the effectiveness of zig-zag running training with shuttle run training on agility in soccer players. The number of samples was 24 people using total sampling which were divided randomly into 2 groups, namely treatment group 1 which was given zig-zag running training, as many as 12 people and treatment group 2 which was given shuttle run training as many as 12 people using the Illinois agility run test measurement .Results: Based on the analysis of the Wilcoxon Test, it shows that zig-zag running practice can produce significant agility changes with an average increase of 1.14 seconds and p value = 0.002 (p &lt;0.05), while shuttle run training also produces changes in agility which is significant with an average increase of 0.50 seconds and a value of p = 0.002 (p &lt;0.05). Based on the analysis of the Mann-Whitney test, it was found that there was a significant difference in effectiveness between the zig-zag running exercise and the shuttle run with a value of p = 0.001 (p &lt;0.05), seen from the mean value indicating that the zig-zag running exercise was more effective than the shuttle run practice.Conclusion: The zig-zag running exercise is more effective than the shuttle run exercise on the agility of football players at the Makassar Kebatakan Sports High School.Keywords : Zig-Zag run, Shuttle run, illinois agility run test, agility

Resource-dependent foraging behaviour of grazers enhances effects of nutrient enrichment on algal biomass

Both the quantity and nutritional quality of food resources can strongly influence the foraging movements of herbivores, which in turn determine the strength of top-down control on primary producer biomass. Nutrient enrichment can alter the biomass and nutritional quality of primary producers, but the consequences for the foraging of herbivores and hence for top-down control are still poorly understood. In this study, we combined a two-factorial experiment (two nutrient levels × grazing by the freshwater gastropod Ancylus fluviatilis) with video analyses tracking grazers’ movements to investigate nutrient enrichment effects on spatial ranges of grazing activity and algal biomass removal. Natural stream biofilms were grown in phosphorus-enriched (P+) and phosphorus-poor flumes (P−) for two weeks before A. fluviatilis were added to the flumes and allowed to graze on biofilm for an additional 2 weeks. Total periphyton biomass was enhanced by P+ and reduced by grazer presence. However, the total grazer effect depended on the nutrient level: at the end of the experiment, on average 95% of algal cover were removed by grazing in the P− flumes versus 26% in the P+ flumes. Fast movements of A. fluviatilis were detected significantly more often in the P− treatment, whereas grazers were detected resting more often in the P+ treatment. Our results demonstrate that nutrient enrichment can increase primary producer biomass both directly and indirectly by limiting the foraging ranges of herbivores. The resulting feedback loop between reduced grazing activity and increased plant biomass might in turn exacerbate eutrophication effects on habitat structure.

Comparative Evaluation of LED Light Application and Heat Generation with Three Different Wavelengths of Frequency on Soft Tissues in Bringing Faster Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Finite Element Model Study.

The duration of orthodontic treatment is often a significant deterrent for patients when considering conventional mechanics, which can be time-consuming. Photobiomodulation (PBM) utilizes visible red to near-infrared wavelengths of light frequencies to expedite orthodontic treatment time. To investigate the effect of three Light Emitting Diode (LED) frequencies and their heat generation on soft tissues in accelerating tooth movement through Finite Element Method (FEM) study. In this FEM study, a three-dimensional FEM model of the skull of a male patient with mild to moderate crowding in the maxilla, and mandible. The dentitions were scanned using a Computed Tomography (CT). A static force of 70 gm on the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible was applied from the labial sides, and a second static analysis was carried out by using both a 70 gm of force and thermal load with three different frequencies of 740, 850, and 940 nm on the 1st and 3rd quadrants. The effect of LED application and heat generation was assessed on soft tissues in bringing faster orthodontic tooth movement. Increased tooth movement with combined loading case in the 1st and 3rd quadrants when compared with the 2nd and 4th quadrants. The temperature distribution was higher at 940 nm followed by 740 & 850 nm of frequency. Faster movements were observed in the combined loading case in the 1st and 3rd quadrants compared to static loading in other quadrants. Heat generation was higher with 940 nm frequency followed by 740 and 850 nm.

TREINAMENTO DA FORÇA DOS MEMBROS INFERIORES E MOBILIDADE NO TÊNIS DE MESA

ABSTRACT Introduction: Between the existing fast movement ability training program and the real situation of the athletes, there is a discrepancy, which needs to be solved. Objective: Study the effects of lower limb strength training on fast movement ability in table tennis. Methods: A total of 40 volunteers were recruited and divided into the experimental and control groups, with 20 people in each group. The control group followed the traditional table tennis fast-movement training program. In contrast, the experimental group added lower limb strength training based on the traditional table tennis fast movement training program. The experimental and control groups conducted training experiments twice a week, one hour at a time, for a total of 8 weeks. Results: In the specific fast movement fitness test, the number of upper stages before training in the experimental group was 55.91, and after training was 61.25 (P&lt;0.01). In the whole platform turning speed test, the number in the experimental group before training was 61.40, and after training was 64.28 (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Fitness in the rapid movement ability of table tennis players was optimized after the addition of the lower limb strength training program. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.