Fast Modification Research Articles

α-Imino Gold Carbene Intermediates from Readily Accessible Sulfilimines: Intermolecular Access to Structural Diversity.

Catalytic approaches to pharmaceutically important bioactive skeletons through gold carbene intermediates have experienced a dramatic development in the last decade. Although various carbene precursors continue to play an important role in heterocyclic syntheses, these reagents are associated with some drawbacks in terms of functional group tolerance, synthetic methods and safety limitations. A new generation of nitrene transfer reagents was established in 2019: the sulfilimines. These are safe, inexpensive and readily available. They can conveniently be stored and handled, and thus represent ideal reagents for the fast and modular modification of scaffolds and the preparation of libraries by intermolecular reactions of two components. Both the practical methods for synthesizing sulfilimines and the versatility of these ylidic species in gold‐catalyzed preparation of structural diversity, for both heterocycles and carbocycles, will be outlined in this Concept article.

Short-Term Classification Learning Promotes Rapid Global Improvements of Information Processing in Human Brain Functional Connectome.

Classification learning is a preeminent human ability within the animal kingdom but the key mechanisms of brain networks regulating learning remain mostly elusive. Recent neuroimaging advancements have depicted human brain as a complex graph machinery where brain regions are nodes and coherent activities among them represent the functional connections. While long-term motor memories have been found to alter functional connectivity in the resting human brain, a graph topological investigation of the short-time effects of learning are still not widely investigated. For instance, classification learning is known to orchestrate rapid modulation of diverse memory systems like short-term and visual working memories but how the brain functional connectome accommodates such modulations is unclear. We used publicly available repositories (openfmri.org) selecting three experiments, two focused on short-term classification learning along two consecutive runs where learning was promoted by trial-by-trial feedback errors, while a further experiment was used as supplementary control. We analyzed the functional connectivity extracted from BOLD fMRI signals, and estimated the graph information processing in the cerebral networks. The information processing capability, characterized by complex network statistics, significantly improved over runs, together with the subject classification accuracy. Instead, null-learning experiments, where feedbacks came with poor consistency, did not provoke any significant change in the functional connectivity over runs. We propose that learning induces fast modifications in the overall brain network dynamics, definitely ameliorating the short-term potential of the brain to process and integrate information, a dynamic consistently orchestrated by modulations of the functional connections among specific brain regions.

Modification of reduced graphene/Au-aptamer to develop an electrochemical based aptasensor for measurement of glycated albumin

Herein, an electrochemical label-free biosensor designed for the detection of glycated albumin (GA) using reduced graphene oxide/Au nanoparticles (RGO/AuNPs) modified by anti-GA aptamer. For fast and simple modification of the electrode, the aptamer chain was thiolated. Transition electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to the characterization of synthesized materials. Structural analysis of nanomaterials shows that graphene sheets were synthesized very fine by average thickness of 2.5 nm and Au nanoparticles distributed on the surface of graphene sheets uniformly. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) square wave voltammetry (SWV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to electrochemical study of the decorated electrode. Electrochemical studies described the potential of fabricated rGO/AuNPs-aptamer electrode to selectively determine GA properly in buffer solution at the range of 2–10 μg mL−1 by the detection limit of 0.07 μg. mL−1 for GA.

Simple and fast surface modification of nanosecond-pulse laser-textured stainless steel for robust superhydrophobic surfaces

Superhydrophobic surfaces have been extensively studied for their unique low water adhesion. However, surface robustness and manufacturing difficulties are barriers to widespread use of superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, a simple and fast surface modification of short-pulse laser-textured surface is developed for a robust superhydrophobic surface. Normally, short-pulse laser-textured surfaces can become superhydrophobic, but require toxic chemical coating, prolonged aging in air, or heat treatment for several hours. In our method, with only 10 minutes of heat treatment with non-toxic silicone oil, the nanosecond-pulse laser-textured stainless steel surface becomes superhydrophobic and shows good robustness.

Extraction of high-quality RNA from mouse pancreatic tumors

Extraction of high-quality RNA from pancreatic tumors for sequencing purposes is technically challenging, as the pancreas is an organ rich in ribonucleases. The majority of the established RNA isolation protocols for use with primary pancreatic tissue involve perfusion of RNA stabilizing reagent into the pancreatic tissue to protect RNA integrity before extraction. However, the additional time needed for this procedure can actually lead to further RNA degradation. We optimized a protocol suitable for high quality RNA isolation from mouse pancreatic tumors that is a simple, fast, and inexpensive modification of existing methods, combining the use of liquid nitrogen and guanidinium thiocyanate-chloroform extraction. Through this procedure, the mean RNA Integrity Number value obtained for RNA isolated from pancreatic tumors was 9.0, and was reproducibly suitable for RNAseq and qPCR.•a protocol suitable for high quality RNA isolation from mouse pancreatic tumors as well as normal pancreas•combining the use of liquid nitrogen and guanidinium thiocyanate-chloroform extraction

Selective modification of sulfamidate-containing peptides.

Hybrid peptides whose N-terminal residues are activated in the form of α-methylisoserine-derived cyclic sulfamidates exhibit rich reactivity as electrophiles, allowing site- and stereoselective modifications at different backbone and side chain positions. The unique properties of this scaffold allow the stereocontrolled late-stage functionalization of the peptide backbone by nucleophilic ring opening with fluorescent probes, thiocarbohydrates and tags for strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition as well as by installing labile N-terminal affinity tags (biotin) and cytotoxic drugs (chlorambucil) for pH-controlled release. Finally, an unexpected base-promoted acyl group migration from the sulfamidate N-terminus allows fast and quantitative intramolecular modification of nucleophilic side chains on the fully unprotected peptides.

Fast fabrication and modification of polyoctahedral silsesquioxane-containing monolithic columns via two-step photo-initiated reactions and their application in proteome analysis of tryptic digests

A fast and robust approach was developed to fabricate and modify hybrid monolithic columns via two-step photo-initiated reactions. At first, acrylopropyl polyoctahedral silsesquioxane (acryl-POSS) and 3-(triallyl silyl) propyl acrylate (TAPA) were chosen as precursors to synthesize poly (POSS-co-TAPA) monolithic column (monolith I) via photo-initiated free-radical polymerization within 10 min, which left lots of allyl groups on the surface of monolith. Secondly, two thiol-containing compounds, penicillamine and 1-octadecanethiol (ODT), were introduced to modify the prepared poly (POSS-co-TAPA) column via photo-initiated thiol-ene click reaction within 20 min. Finally, three resulting monolithic columns were applied to separate phenolic, anilines and antibiotics mixtures. These mixtures were baseline-separated on the monolith modified with penicillamine (monolith II), exhibiting better selectivity than both pristine monolith I and that modified with ODT (monolith III). Additionally, these columns were further used for separation of tryptic digest of HeLa cells by cLC-MS/MS. The 5071 unique peptides mapped to 2442 proteins were identified from HeLa cells digest on monolith II, which were superior over those on monolith III, but slightly lower than those on monolith I. These results demonstrated that these POSS-containing columns exhibited great separation ability for complex samples.

Prison Views: Rethinking the Moving Image in the era of transmedia communication.

The paper presents an on-going research project aimed at exploring the fast modifications in the area of audiovisual communication and of the moving image. The combination between the ubiquity, ease of access, improved capacity of ‘self-producing’ audiovisual artifacts, and the medium’s communicative force and interactivity, have opened a completely new season for this domain of communication. A key aspect is a relevant shift in the way information is delivered. One can today witness a migration process in which contents that were traditionally delivered in the most diverse formats tend to be re-packaged into audiovisual form. In this framework, the formulation of the audiovisual artifact as an individual, independent piece is increasingly being questioned in favour of the communication landscape described by Henry Jenkins as transmedial: an online distributed space, populated by intertwined multi-media contents. This not only produces a massive proliferation in the available information in audiovisual (or ‘multimedia’) format, but greatly impacts the foundations of the moving image as a language.Thanks to a grant from our Regional government we are currently developing an experimental research project for an exhibit on the historic Museum of Alghero 19th century city’s prison. A unique opportunity of exploring the interactions between the physical and intangible dimensions of information design, the project revolves on a series of exhibit displays, populated by short audiovisual artifacts that either revisit audiovisual narrative formulas such as the documentary and the historical reconstruction, and venture to emerging hybrid formulas such as interactive augmented reality. The paper describes the first outcomes of this ongoing research within an exhibit project that integrates space, interactivity, real artifacts and digital storytelling, taking into scrutiny the evolving role of moving image artefacts in the emerging scenario of hybrid communicative environments.

1806 Tricky and Inexpensive Way to Aspirate Large Hemoperitoneum

Video Objective show a inexpensive, safe and fast way to aspirate large hemoperitoneum during a laparoscopy Setting large amounts of blood in the abdominal cavity delays a lot during a laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy or an hematic ovarian cyst, using a regular 5mm aspirator Interventions make a small, inexpensive, reversible and safe modification in a regular aspirator hose with scissors Conclusion this reversible and fast modification improve the operation time without harm for the patient during aspiration of large hemoperitoneum

Genome-wide effects of social status on DNA methylation in the brain of a cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni

BackgroundSuccessful social behavior requires real-time integration of information about the environment, internal physiology, and past experience. The molecular substrates of this integration are poorly understood, but likely modulate neural plasticity and gene regulation. In the cichlid fish species Astatotilapia burtoni, male social status can shift rapidly depending on the environment, causing fast behavioral modifications and a cascade of changes in gene transcription, the brain, and the reproductive system. These changes can be permanent but are also reversible, implying the involvement of a robust but flexible mechanism that regulates plasticity based on internal and external conditions. One candidate mechanism is DNA methylation, which has been linked to social behavior in many species, including A. burtoni. But, the extent of its effects after A. burtoni social change were previously unknown.ResultsWe performed the first genome-wide search for DNA methylation patterns associated with social status in the brains of male A. burtoni, identifying hundreds of Differentially Methylated genomic Regions (DMRs) in dominant versus non-dominant fish. Most DMRs were inside genes supporting neural development, synapse function, and other processes relevant to neural plasticity, and DMRs could affect gene expression in multiple ways. DMR genes were more likely to be transcription factors, have a duplicate elsewhere in the genome, have an anti-sense lncRNA, and have more splice variants than other genes. Dozens of genes had multiple DMRs that were often seemingly positioned to regulate specific splice variants.ConclusionsOur results revealed genome-wide effects of A. burtoni social status on DNA methylation in the brain and strongly suggest a role for methylation in modulating plasticity across multiple biological levels. They also suggest many novel hypotheses to address in mechanistic follow-up studies, and will be a rich resource for identifying the relationships between behavioral, neural, and transcriptional plasticity in the context of social status.

Synergy between Zwitterionic Polymers and Hyaluronic Acid Enhances Antifouling Performance

Challenges associated with nonspecific adsorption of proteins on sensor surfaces have steered the development of novel antifouling materials and strategies. Inspired by human synovial fluid composition and structure, we designed synergistic antifouling coatings with mixtures of hyaluronic acid (HA) and a zwitterionic bottlebrush polymer (BB). Using a fast and convenient online surface modification method, the polymers were immobilized on the Au surface, significantly increasing its hydrophilicity. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a 10:1 ratio of HA to BB was found optimal to provide the best antifouling performance. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption on HA-BB coated surfaces was 0.2 ng/cm2, which was 60 times lower than BB or HA alone and 25 times lower than the commonly accepted ultralow adsorption limit (<5 ng/cm2), demonstrating the synergistic effect of HA and BB against nonspecific protein adsorption. This was found to be independent of BSA concentration up to physiological concentrations. Furthermore, the antifouling performance of HA-BB coated surfaces was tested against milk and serum, showing almost 92% lower protein adsorption than that on bare surfaces, suggesting the potential efficacy of this antifouling coating in real life settings.

Extremely Fast and Accurate Open Modification Spectral Library Searching of High-Resolution Mass Spectra Using Feature Hashing and Graphics Processing Units.

Open modification searching (OMS) is a powerful search strategy to identify peptides with any type of modification. OMS works by using a very wide precursor mass window to allow modified spectra to match against their unmodified variants, after which the modification types can be inferred from the corresponding precursor mass differences. A disadvantage of this strategy, however, is the large computational cost, because each query spectrum has to be compared against a multitude of candidate peptides.We have previously introduced the ANN-SoLo tool for fast and accurate open spectral library searching. ANN-SoLo uses approximate nearest neighbor indexing to speed up OMS by selecting only a limited number of the most relevant library spectra to compare to an unknown query spectrum. Here we demonstrate how this candidate selection procedure can be further optimized using graphics processing units. Additionally, we introduce a feature hashing scheme to convert high-resolution spectra to low-dimensional vectors. Based on these algorithmic advances, along with low-level code optimizations, the new version of ANN-SoLo is up to an order of magnitude faster than its initial version. This makes it possible to efficiently perform open searches on a large scale to gain a deeper understanding about the protein modification landscape. We demonstrate the computational efficiency and identification performance of ANN-SoLo based on a large data set of the draft human proteome.ANN-SoLo is implemented in Python and C++. It is freely available under the Apache 2.0 license at https://github.com/bittremieux/ANN-SoLo.

Gene modification by fast‐track recombineering for cellular localization and isolation of components of plant protein complexes

SummaryTo accelerate the isolation of plant protein complexes and study cellular localization and interaction of their components, an improved recombineering protocol is described for simple and fast site‐directed modification of plant genes in bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). Coding sequences of fluorescent and affinity tags were inserted into genes and transferred together with flanking genomic sequences of desired size by recombination into Agrobacterium plant transformation vectors using three steps of E. coli transformation with PCR‐amplified DNA fragments. Application of fast‐track recombineering is illustrated by the simultaneous labelling of CYCLIN‐DEPENDENT KINASE D (CDKD) and CYCLIN H (CYCH) subunits of kinase module of TFIIH general transcription factor and the CDKD‐activating CDKF;1 kinase with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and mCherry (green and red fluorescent protein) tags, and a PIPL (His18‐StrepII‐HA) epitope. Functionality of modified CDKF;1 gene constructs is verified by complementation of corresponding T‐DNA insertion mutation. Interaction of CYCH with all three known CDKD homologues is confirmed by their co‐localization and co‐immunoprecipitation. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry analyses of CDKD;2, CYCH, and DNA‐replication‐coupled HISTONE H3.1 validate their association with conserved TFIIH subunits and components of CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY FACTOR 1, respectively. The results document that simple modification of plant gene products with suitable tags by fast‐track recombineering is well suited to promote a wide range of protein interaction and proteomics studies.

A Performance of Ingenuity Research using Bibliometric Method

The age of fast modifications across the digital and new technology-driven economy, artificial intelligence, and fast cycles of product life have made engineering important for worldwide economic and social development. Further, ingenuity is also crucialinconfronting the uncertainties and challenges brought byIndustrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) and dynamic businessenvironment.Hence, this studyaims to analyze and look atthetitleof papersand articles on the ingenuity studies derived from Scopus database. By and large, ingenuity is defined as“the quality of inventive, original andnovelty”, This means an intrinsic or inborn skill for practical ideas, intelligence, ingenuity, creativity, and the ability to innovate, solve issues, and generate fresh stuff and ideas. In this study, the coverage we reviewed on ingenuity titles includes multidisciplines and regions from the entire perspective of ingenuity studies, not limited to the ingenuity of technology, science, production and engineering.Thus, it providesa profile and insights into the behavioursand attributesof the ingenuity study to discovera title of publications and researchevidenceor expectednessthat possibly will occur in papers.Data are collectedemployinga bibliometric approach to analyze the titles of papers, research and publications that have been listed and indexed by Scopus(exclude the publicationyear 2018). Therefore, all articles fromvarious type of documents and sourcesthat have ingenuity keyword in its title including author keywords and abstracts in the Scopus databasehas been obtained and analyzed.The result showsa total of 465 papers are obtainablefor further analysis after carrying out the cleanup process. Furthermore, it indicatesabout 75 percent or 346 out of 465 articles came from journals source type that has the ingenuity keywords in its.The outcomes of this bibliometric analysisarefound to be usefulfor researchersin providing valuable insight and understanding about the prospect and outlook of the global research on ingenuity as well as in finding future research direction

Determination of oxaliplatin enantiomers at attomolar levels by capillary electrophoresis connected with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The aim of this study was to develop a method for the separation of oxaliplatin enantiomers at attomolar concentration levels. A combination of capillary electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was chosen due to their unique characteristics, including fast and easy modification of separation selectivity, and significant limits of detection and linearity. In the first step, we optimized conditions for the separation of oxaliplatin enantiomers including background electrolyte composition and concentration, pH, and type and concentration of the chiral selector. Under optimal conditions, sodium borate buffer pH 9.5, ionic strength 40 mmol L−1, with 60 mg mL−1 sulfated β-cyclodextrin, separation was obtained with a resolution of 2.0. This electrolyte system was then used in the ‘in-house’ connection of capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. In this instance, separation lasted for 9.5 min. Calibrations were linear in the range of 0.1–500 μg mL−1 with R2 of 0.9999. LOD and LOQ values were of 64 ng mL−1 and 116 ng mL−1 of oxaliplatin, respectively. This represents detection of 49 fg or 125 attomol of oxaliplatin enantiomers in the capillary electrophoresis injected sample zone. Finally, the method was successfully applied for detection of oxaliplatin enantiomers in spiked urine samples.

PTMProphet: Fast and Accurate Mass Modification Localization for the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline.

Spectral matching sequence database search engines commonly used on mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiments excel at identifying peptide sequence ions, and in addition, possible sequence ions carrying post-translational modifications (PTMs), but most do not provide confidence metrics for the exact localization of those PTMs when several possible sites are available. Localization is absolutely required for downstream molecular cell biology analysis of PTM function in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we developed PTMProphet, a free and open-source software tool integrated into the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline, which reanalyzes identified spectra from any search engine for which pepXML output is available to provide localization confidence to enable appropriate further characterization of biologic events. Localization of any type of mass modification (e.g., phosphorylation) is supported. PTMProphet applies Bayesian mixture models to compute probabilities for each site/peptide spectrum match where a PTM has been identified. These probabilities can be combined to compute a global false localization rate at any threshold to guide downstream analysis. We describe the PTMProphet tool, its underlying algorithms, and demonstrate its performance on ground-truth synthetic peptide reference data sets, one previously published small data set, one new larger data set, and also on a previously published phosphoenriched data set where the correct sites of modification are unknown. Data have been deposited to ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013210.

A high-resolution gravimetric quasigeoid model for Vietnam

A high-resolution gravimetric quasigeoid model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on new gravity data. A set of 29,121 land gravity measurements was used in combination with fill-in data where no gravity data existed. Global Gravity field Models plus Residual Terrain Model effects and gravity field derived from altimetry satellites were used to provide the fill-in information over land and marine areas. A mixed model up to degree/order 719 was used for the removal of the long and medium wavelengths and the calculation of the quasigeoid restore effects. The residual height anomalies have been determined employing the Stokes integral using the Fast Fourier Transform approach and deterministic kernel modification proposed by Wong–Gore, as well as by means of Least-Squares Collocation. The accuracy of the resulting quasigeoid models was evaluated by comparing with height anomalies derived from 812 co-located GNSS/levelling points. Results are very similar; both local quasigeoid models have a standard deviation of 9.7 cm and 50 cm in mean bias when compared to the GNSS/levelling points. This new local quasigeoid model for Vietnam represents a significant improvement over the global models EIGEN-6C4 and EGM2008, which have standard deviations of 19.2 and 29.1 cm, respectively, for this region.

O-22 Multiple point stimulation MUNE in ALS: Towards a faster modification

Background Multiple point stimulation (MPS) is a well-established motor unit number estimate (MUNE) method that can be used in all EMG machines, but it is time-consuming. We investigated whether a faster modification of MPS using 5 surface motor unit action potentials (sMUAP) had similar reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity as 10. Material and methods Twenty-two motor neuron disease patients and 20 healthy controls were prospectively examined by two physicians twice in the thenar muscles. Results A total of 168 MPS MUNE recordings were obtained. Mean MUNE was significantly lower in patients in contrast to the controls, whether using 5 [53 ± 55 (1–170) versus 150 ± 64 (51–325), p 0.05) were found between mean MUNE obtained from 5 or 10 sMUAP in both patients and controls. Intra-rater coefficient of variation (CV) for patients (17% versus 15%) and controls (16% versus 13%) and inter-rater CV for patients (25% versus 24%) did not differ between 5 and 10 sMUAP (p > 0.05), whereas inter-rater CV was higher for 5 sMUAP in controls (21% versus 16%, p = 0.004). An excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (⩾0.78) was found, sampling either 5 or 10 sMUAP, for both groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves collecting 5 or 10 sMUAP showed excellent accuracy in distinguishing between patients and controls. Conclusions The faster modification of MPS by sampling 5 sMUAP had similar reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity as 10, and may be suggested in future research and clinical practice.

Activating Three-Dimensional Networks of Fe@Ni Nanofibers via Fast Surface Modification for Efficient Overall Water Splitting.

Developing facile approaches to synthesize highly active and stable oxygen and hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts under mild conditions is crucial in water-splitting technology. Herein, Ni-nanofiber-based three-dimensional (3D) network is prepared by a magnetic-field-assisted reduction reaction and then a fast surface modification within only 3 s at room temperature is developed to prepare Fe@Ni-nanofiber-based 3D porous electrode. The unique structure of the nanofiber-based 3D electrode ensures large electrochemical active surface area, short electron diffusion pathway, and fast mass transportation, while the introduction of Fe enhances the activity of each active site with abundant Ni(Fe) (oxy)hydroxide on the surface. Hence, the obtained Fe@Ni nanofiber electrode exhibits excellent activity and stability toward oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, with overpotentials as low as 230 and 55 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline electrolyte, respectively. Moreover, when assembled into a two-electrode configuration, the cell voltage of only 1.53 V is needed to drive the water-splitting cell at 10 mA cm-2.

Orbit jump in bistable energy harvesters through buckling level modification

Abstract In the aim of giving an alternative to chemical batteries for energy supply of wireless autonomous devices, the present work focuses on ambient vibration energy harvesting using harvesters taking benefit of energy stored in an oscillating mass subjected to acceleration. More particularly, the attention is put on nonlinear bistable harvesters which offer a wider bandwidth than linear ones. However, due to their nonlinearities, these bistable harvesters exhibit different coexisting behaviors (orbits) on their operating frequency range. Only some of them are interesting for energy harvesting because of their high amplitude of oscillations inducing high energy levels (high orbits). Nevertheless, those high orbits are coexisting with low orbits (i.e., low harvestable energy) on a major portion of their frequency range and thus are not automatically reached. This work hence introduce new strategies to experience orbit jumps from low to high orbits playing with different parameters of the bistable harvester. Preliminary analyses based on energy considerations demonstrates that the most technically achievable strategy, adopted for the experimental analysis, is the orbit jump with fast modifications of its buckling level. More particularly, the bistable harvester is first quickly over-buckled at a particular instant and then quickly released to its initial buckling level when the mass reaches a maximum of displacement (in order to maximize the potential energy brought to the mass). Two elements of this strategy were adjustable: the amplitude of the buckling level variation and the instant at which this change starts. Experimental results show that choosing a good combination of those two elements leads to a high probability to jump from low to high orbits on the whole frequency range concerned by high orbits (from 70 % chance to 100 % chance to jump). Thanks to this orbit jump technique, the high orbits can be ensured for the considered bistable harvester on a continuous wide frequency range of 50 Hz (from 20 Hz to 70 Hz) on which the mean harvested power varies from 20 μ W to 500 μ W. Finally, it is shown that the energy consumed to ensure the orbit jump can be recovered within 2 s.