Fast Message Research Articles

A Lattice-Based Unordered Aggregate Signature Scheme Based on the Intersection Method

An aggregate signature turns multi-message multi-authentication into multi-message single-authentication, reducing the required storage space, transmission cost, and number of verification calculations, and is suitable for fast message authentication in the big data era, particularly in wireless sensor networks and secure email systems. Many aggregate signature schemes have been proposed, including lattice-based ones, which have good resistance to quantum machine attacks. However, the existing lattice-based aggregate signature schemes, which either have strict requirements on the signing order or encounter security risks, are not suitable for the unordered polymerization environment. In this paper, we accordingly propose a lattice-based unordered aggregate signature scheme. The proposed scheme makes use of the intersection method and solves the unordered aggregate problem of lattice signatures with different public keys. Therefore, it avoids both the signing order limitation and the risk of single signature forgery. Furthermore, the scheme follows the improved security model; hence, it is robust against collusion attacks. In addition, the scheme’s security depends on the small integer solution problem, which enables the scheme to resist quantum algorithm attacks.

MMAC: Fast and Secure Message Authentication

MMAC: Fast and Secure Message Authentication

Concept drift in e-mail datasets: An empirical study with practical implications

Internet e-mail service emerged in the late seventies to implement fast message exchanging through computer networks. Network users immediately discovered the value of this service (sometimes for improper purposes such as spamming). As e-mail became indispensable to increase personal productivity, the volume of spam deliveries was constantly growing. With the passage of time, a great number of proposals and tools have emerged to fight against spam. However, the vast majority of them do not properly take into consideration the inner attributes of spam and ham messages such as the noise or the presence of concept drift. In this work, we provide a detailed empirical study of concept drift in the e-mail domain taking into consideration two key aspects: existing types of concept drift and the real class of messages (spam and ham). As a result, our study reveals different weaknesses of multiple e-mail filtering alternatives and other relevant works in this domain and identifies new strategies to develop more accurate filters. Finally, the experimentation carried out in this work has motivated the development of a concept drift analyser tool for the e-mail domain that can be freely downloaded from https://github.com/sing-group/conceptDriftAnalyser.git.

$$\hbox {TM}^{2}$$ TM 2 C: a software transactional memory for many-cores

Transactional memory is an appealing paradigm for concurrent systems. Many software implementations of the paradigm were proposed in the past two decades for both shared memory multi-core systems and clusters of distributed machines. Chip manufacturers have however started producing many-core architectures, with low network-on-chip communication latencies and limited support for cache coherence, rendering existing transactional-memory implementations inapplicable. This paper presents $$\hbox {TM}^{2}\hbox {C}$$ , the first software transactional memory protocol for many-core systems, hence featuring transactions that are both distributed and leverage shared memory. $$\hbox {TM}^{2}\hbox {C}$$ exploits fast messages over network-on-chip to make accesses to shared data coherent. In particular, it allows visible read accesses to detect conflicts eagerly and incorporates the first distributed contention manager that guarantees the commit of all transactions. We evaluate $$\hbox {TM}^{2}\hbox {C}$$ on Intel, AMD and Tilera architectures, ranging from common multi-cores to experimental many-cores. We build upon new message-passing protocols, based on both software and hardware, which are interesting in their own right. Our results on various benchmarks, including realistic banking and MapReduce applications, show that $$\hbox {TM}^{2}\hbox {C}$$ scales well regardless of the underlying platform.

SDN-enabled hybrid emergency message transmission architecture in internet-of-vehicles

ABSTRACTWith the increasing number of vehicles connected to the Internet-of-Things (IoT), Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) is becoming a hot research topic. It can improve traffic safety and efficiency and promote the development of the intelligent transportation that is a very important element in Smart Cities. As an important part of the safety application in IoV, the emergency message transmission is designed to inform all the vehicles in the relevant area timely of the accident information through the multi-hop broadcast communication. In this paper, we propose a hybrid emergency message transmission (HEMT), which introduces the SDN technology into the vehicular network environment and utilizes the flexibility of inter-vehicle communication. By deploying SDN-enabled central controller and RSU switches, we can obtain reliable and fast emergency message dissemination. Moreover, considering the space between the coverages of RSUs caused by the sparse deployment, we also use inter-vehicle multi-hop broadcast communication to improve the message coverage ratio by adding the packet modification module on the RSU switch. Simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: The adoption of mobile messaging application

According to Turkish Statistical Institute, 96.8% of households have mobile phones and smart phones. While mobile penetration was 1% in 1995, it reached 73% in 2014. Opening account of social media, messaging and chatting is the first activity in mobile phone users in Turkey. Consequently, understanding the main determinants of technology acceptance behavior is an important issue for both academicians and practitioners. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the model of the adoption of mobile messaging applications, especially fast messaging. The framework of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was used in the paper. For testing our hypotheses, questionnaires were given to people having mobile devices and mobile internet users. Our data was collected by convenience sampling method. The research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that there were strong relationships among the research variables. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of the study findings are discussed.

Quality of forwarding-based data disseminating strategy in urban VANET

As for safety applications of vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET), many valuable broadcast protocols have been proposed nowadays, most of which are based on either senders or receivers. In fact, sender-based protocols would fall into invalidation due to high mobility of network, while receiver-based ones would generate extra delay. Combining both the advantages of the two schemes, this paper proposes an efficient and reliable broadcast protocol based on quality of forwarding (ERBPQF) of candidate nodes. In ERBPQF, a double-phase relay scheme is presented to reach fast message dissemination in the first phase and to ensure high packet delivery ratio (PDR) in the second phase. Then, considering signal fading, channel contention, queuing delay, broadcast interference and high mobility of vehicles, a new metric called quality of forwarding (QoF) for relay selection is further proposed. The simulation results show that the delay and dissemination efficiency (DE) of ERBPQF outperforms slotted-1 protocol, accompanying with the achievement of more than 95% PDR.

Los desafíos del marketing en la era del big data

Este escrito plantea cuatro desafíos del marketing a los que se enfrentan las empresas en la era digital teniendo en cuenta el enfoque estratégico, tecnológico y táctico; su objetivo es ayudar a que las organizaciones, en especial los departamentos de marketing, puedan tomar mejores decisiones implementando la analítica de datos. En la primera parte del artículo se presenta la definición y evolución del marketing desde la revolución industrial, con su enfoque en el producto y la producción en masa, hasta el marketing actual, que está centrado en el consumidor y las necesidades del cliente buscando una diferenciación y personalización tanto de productos como de servicios basándose en los avances tecnológicos y los diversos accesos a la información. En la segunda parte se especifica qué es <em>Big Data</em>, los volúmenes de datos, los tipos de datos y sus fuentes; igualmente, se puntualiza qué es la analítica de datos (<em>data analytics</em>). El tercer aporte esboza la descripción del marketing en nuestros días y cómo los servicios de la Web 2.0 (redes sociales, RSS, tecnologías rápidas de mensajería, vídeos, mensajería instantánea, wikis, <em>blogs</em>, etc.) y sus bases teóricas ayudan a la captación, fidelización y posicionamiento de marca. Por último, se presentan los cuatro desafíos para las empresas en la actual era digital: el desafío de las 6V (volumen, velocidad, variedad, veracidad, valor y visualización); los retos estratégicos, tecnológicos y operativos en las organizaciones; las tendencias del marketing y la medición del ROMI (<em>return on marketing investment</em>). <h5 style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-indent: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm;"> </h5>

Effective Education Materials to Advance Stroke Awareness Without Teacher Participation in Junior High School Students

Youth stroke education is promising for the spread of stroke awareness. The aim of this study was to examine whether our stroke awareness teaching materials without teacher's participation can increase student awareness to act fast on suspected stroke signs. We used the face, arm, speech, and time (FAST) mnemonic derived from the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale. Seventy-three students of the second grade and 72 students of the third grade (age range, 13-15 years) in a junior high school were enrolled in the study. The students were divided into 2 groups: students who received a teacher's lesson (group I) and those who did not receive a teacher's lesson (group II). Students in group II watched an animated cartoon and read a Manga comic in class. All students took the educational aids home, including the Manga comic and magnetic posters printed with the FAST message. Questionnaires on stroke knowledge were examined at baseline and immediately and 3 months after receiving the intervention. At 3 months after the intervention, a significant improvement in understanding the FAST message was confirmed in both the groups (group I, 85%; group II, 94%). Significant increases in the knowledge of risk factors were not observed in each group. Our education materials include a Manga comic, an animated cartoon, and a magnetic poster, without an accompanying teacher's lesson can increase stroke awareness, including the FAST message, in junior high school students.

An Improved Analytical Model for Fast Evaluating Absorbing Material Properties for 220-GHz FW BWO

Y-band devices, including folded waveguide, backward-wave oscillator, and traveling wave tube, are to be developed in our group, which use absorbing material in its attenuator to suppress self-oscillation or match the boundary conditions. This paper describes a developed analytical model of a rectangular waveguide system based on the voltage scattering matrix analysis to fast calculate the relative permittivity and electric loss angle tangent of a ceramic sample in consideration of waveguide wall loss. Compared to the high-quality factor cavity method and quasi-optical cavity method, this transmission/reflection measuring method in consideration of ohmic loss is of low cost and more convenient to obtain the material properties in a large-frequency range, by sacrificing some accuracy. 3-D numerical model is established to verify our method. The result shows that our method is accessible to give a fast message of material properties in a certain frequency range. The error analysis of this equivalent method is also discussed in this paper, which shows that this method is too error sensitive to be a practical tool in consideration of the controllable machining and assembly errors. Then, a simplified method is proposed to make the calculation result less sensitive to the parameter errors. The evaluation shows that the relative measuring error of the attenuating material to be tested can be confined to 25% around the frequency of 220 GHz. In advantage of its configuration, the absorber with this material to be used guarantees the small reflection ratio when the value of permittivity and loss tangent of the attenuating material varied by 25%.

A Fast Safety Message Transmission Mechanism for Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

A Fast Safety Message Transmission Mechanism for Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

Summary of GOOSE Substation Communication

The fast real-time application message is an object-oriented substation event—GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event). It mainly works on the process layers and bay layers of digital substation. GOOSE intelligent substation communication network can realize the key function of the overall intelligent sub- station functions. This paper will make a systematic analysis of GOOSE. At first, it will provide a detailed analy- sis of the transmission mechanism and process of GOOSE message. As certain practical operability lacks the actual application of the multicast filtering method which is applied to GOOSE message based on IEC61850 standard, this paper will summarize three message filtering methods, compare the advantages and disadvantages in topological networks of different kinds in accordance with the instantaneity of GOOSE intelligent substation communication network and draw a conclusion that the independent configuration scheme of GOOSE and SV can adapt to the requirement of times, so as to provide theoretical references for the selection of practical intelli- gent substation communication network in the future.

Reliable Connectionless Transport Protocol for Fast Message Delivery

TCP and UDP are the most used transport layer protocols in computer networks. These two protocols are used for almost all types of data transmission including files, messages, real-time streaming of media etc. In cases where loss of a single data unit then it makes the entire data transfer useless such as file transfer, TCP is used because it ensures reliability. UDP is unreliable and can be used where little loss is acceptable and sender does not need a conformation of successful delivery to the receiver. In past decade a large variety of network applications has emerged requiring different requirements for transport layer protocol. Currently in cases where a message needs to be sent to a destination and sender needs confirmation of successful delivery of the message TCP must be used. However TCP requires 3 way handshakes and has large over head of header bytes which may be not required in such cases. This paper proposes a transport layer protocol that is connection less like UDP and has very less header overhead bytes and ensures reliability of transmission. This protocol saves from connection establishment phase and overhead of additional header bytes. From calculation it can be observed that this protocol improves efficiency of transmission in certain cases. Keywords: Network, Protocol, Reliable, RCTP, TCP, Transport Layer, UDP

A Proposal and Evaluation of User Centric Trusted Log Archival Architecture

Internet services of numerous types are widely implemented at countless sites in today’s worldwide computing environment, which is on-premises or cloud computing, and the generated system and application service logs they produce are important for assuring such systems work correctly. When the owners of such logs are auditors or system managers, it has been thought that from the standpoint of manageability, it is better to accumulate logs at one site rather than multiple sites. However, when the owner of a log generated by an application service is a system user, he or she might want to express a preference from the available log archival sites. Furthermore, there are often cases when a service site is located far away from the log archival site. It should also be mentioned that if sites providing services do so in a cloud computing environment, it is particularly necessary to use a secure and fast messaging method between the service and log archival sites. In this paper, we define a “user centric log archival architecture” concept, examine related works and technical specifications, and propose a new trusted model via both abstract and practical methods. By extending the Simple Object Access protocol (SOAP) based Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), and using SAML assertions, we show how log messages can be exchanged with confidentiality, integrity, and availability, before they are written securely to storage devices. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, the latencies of a XML messages that contain a SAML assertion and a XML signature are measured and considered in a cloud computing environment.

Stroke Education for Multidisciplinary Medical Personnel in a Rural Area of Japan for Promotion of Hospital Visit of Acute Stroke Patients

There are few studies of stroke education suitable for multidisciplinary medical personnel. A reorganization of the management of acute stroke and stroke education for multidisciplinary medical personnel started since 2013 in our hospital located in a rural area of Japan. This study aimed to examine the effect of our stroke education on changing the number of visits of acute stroke patients to our hospital and to test the stroke knowledge of medical personnel. The stroke education, composed of a 20-minute lecture, was given by a stroke neurologist to 217 medical personnel (age, 49 ± 10 years; male, 70%). Posters printed with the FAST message were given to the participants at the end of the lesson: F, facial drooping; A, arm numbness or weakness; S, slurred speech or difficulty speaking or understanding; T, a time to call an ambulance. Participants completed questionnaires on stroke knowledge at baseline and 3 months after the lesson. The number of participants who remembered correctly the FAST mnemonic at 3 months was significantly higher than at baseline (78 vs. 90%, P = .006). The correct answer rate for stroke symptoms other than FAST such as vision loss was approximately 50% at 3 months. The number of visits of acute stroke patients to our hospital, particularly patients with transient ischemic attack, increased significantly compared with that before the stroke education. Our stroke education method using the FAST mnemonic designed for multidisciplinary medical personnel improved their stroke knowledge. Reorganization of the management of acute stroke and greater stroke knowledge for medical staff are necessary to increase the visits of acute stroke patients in the rural areas.

QoS-Aware Distributed Security Architecture for 4G Multihop Wireless Networks

Vehicular communications have received a great deal of attention in recent years due to the demand for multimedia applications during travel and for improvements in safety. Safety applications often require fast message exchanges but do not use much bandwidth. On the other hand, multimedia services require high bandwidth for vehicular users. Hence, to provide mobile broadband services at a vehicular speed of up to 350 km/h, Worldwide interoperable for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) are considered the best technologies for vehicular networks. WiMAX and LTE are Fourth-Generation (4G) wireless technologies that have well-defined quality of service (QoS) and security architectures. However, some security threats, such as denial of service (DoS), an introduction of rogue node, etc., still exist in WiMAX and LTE networks, particularly in multihop networks. Therefore, strong security architecture and hasty authentication methods are needed to mitigate the existing security threats in 4G multihop wireless networks. Conversely, the network QoS should not be degraded while enhancing security. Thus, we propose QoS-aware distributed security architecture using the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) protocol that has proven security strength and low overhead for 4G wireless networks. In this paper, we first describe the current security standards and security threats in WiMAX and LTE networks. Then, the proposed distributed security architecture for 4G multihop wireless networks is presented. Finally, we compare and analyze the proposed solution using testbed implementation and simulation approaches for WiMAX. From the simulation and testbed results for WiMAX networks, it is evident that the proposed scheme provides strong security and hasty authentication for handover users without affecting the QoS performance. For LTE networks, we present the theoretical analysis of the proposed scheme to show that similar performance can also be achieved.

Abstract W P356: The Effectiveness of the Stroke Educational Activities for Junior High School Students: The Tochigi Project

Background and Purpose: Bringing stroke lessons into the compulsory education is promising for spreading of stroke knowledge nationwide. We produced stroke teaching materials using the FAST mnemonic. The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of a stroke education project using our teaching materials for stroke enlightenment, the Tochigi project. Methods: The subjects were 10,227 students of the 1 st to 3 rd grade (13-15 y.o.) in 53 public junior high schools in Tochigi prefecture, Japan. They were divided into 2 groups; 1,127 students in 9 schools received a 20-minute stroke lesson by their teachers and then watched our 10-minute animated cartoon and read our comic book for 10 minutes (group [[Unable to Display Character: І]]). The remaining 9,100 students in 44 schools had no teacher's lesson, but watched the animated cartoon and read the comic book (group II). Questionnaires on stroke knowledge were examined for all the students at baseline and immediately after the intervention. Results: The numbers of questionnaires collected at immediately after the intervention were 1,125 (99.8%) in the group I, and 9,067 (99.6%) in the group II, respectively. In the group I, frequencies of the correct answers increased for all questionnaires except for headache (68.3 vs. 68.0%, p=0.87) as a symptom after the intervention. In the group II, the correct answer rates decreased for the questions of headache (70.9 vs. 32.5%, P<0.0001) and hemi-sensory disturbance (58.1 vs. 56.5%, P<0.05) and increased significantly for those of the other symptoms after the intervention. The correct answer rates increased significantly for questions except for arrhythmia (47.6 vs. 40.6%, P<0.0001) as risk factors after the intervention. Ninety-one % of students understood correctly the “FAST” mnemonic immediately after the intervention in the group I, being higher than the rate of 76% in the group II (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our teaching materials of stroke enlightenment would be promising for conducting the FAST message to junior high school students.

A Stable Routing Protocol for Vehicles in Urban Environments

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an essential technology that enables the deployment of the intelligent transportation system (ITS), which improves the traffic safety and efficiency. For the efficient message delivery in VANETs, it is desirable to provide a reliable and stable VANET routing protocol. However, VANET routing is challenging since the VANET is fundamentally different from conventional wireless ad hoc networks; vehicles move fast, and the network topology changes rapidly, causing intermittent and dynamic link connectivity. In this paper, we propose a VANET routing protocol that works based on the real-time road vehicle density information in order to provide fast and reliable message delivery so that it can adapt to the dynamic vehicular urban environment. In the proposed mechanism, each vehicle computes the real-time traffic density of the road to which it belongs from the beacon messages sent by vehicles on the opposite lane and its road information table. Using the road traffic density information as a routing metric, each vehicle establishes a reliable route for packet delivery. We compare our proposed mechanism with the well-known GPSR via NS-2 based simulations and show that our mechanism outperforms GPSR in terms of both delivery success rate and routing overhead.

Improved Spam Detection using DBSCAN and Advanced Digest Algorithm

E-mail is one of the most popular and frequently used ways of communication due to its worldwide accessibility, relatively fast message transfer, and low sending cost. Nowadays, detecting and filtering are still the most feasible ways of fighting spam emails. There are many reasonably successful spam email filters in operation. The identification of spam plays an important role in current anti-spam mechanism. For improving the accuracy of spam detection, an improved Filtering technique is presented which is based on the Improved Digest algorithm and DBSCAN clustering algorithm. Using this technique, mails are represented using improved digest algorithm and then clustered using DBSCAN clustering algorithm. All similar emails which always categorized as spam are identified and clustered together where good mails that don’t look similar like other mails are not clustered. This method greatly improves the filtering accuracy against latest proposed algorithms by 30 % and improves the resistance of spam detection against increased obfuscation effort by spammers, while keeping miss-detection of good emails at a similar level of older filtering methods.

Abstract TP173: Stroke Education by Using a Comic Book and Animated Cartoon Improve Stroke Knowledge among Junior High School Students

Background and Purpose: We have reported that stroke lesson by stroke neurologists for junior high school students improved their stroke knowledge. For the next step, we investigated whether junior high school students could get the knowledge only by stroke education with a comic book and animated cartoon, which we produced to spread the stroke knowledge widely. Methods: We produce a comic book and a 10-minutes animated cartoon instructing stroke risk factors, stroke sign and symptoms, and encouraging immediate calling for emergent medical service (EMS) on identification of stroke signs and symptoms (the FAST message). Three stories were involved in this comic book and animated cartoon. The first one was a case of acute ischemic stroke treated successfully with hyperacute thrombolytic therapy. The remaining 2 stories were cases of transient ischemic attack; a case of preventing stroke successfully with an appropriate action of his family, but the other case of suffering from a completed stroke with delay of the hospital visit due to the lack of stroke symptom knowledge. From December 2011 to March 2012, 493 students in 15 classes of the 1 st grade (12 - 13 years old) of 3 junior high schools were enrolled. Each subject was distributed the comic book and watched the animated cartoon. Stroke lessons were not performed. Questionnaires on stroke knowledge were examined before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. Results: Proportions of correct answer in all questions except arrhythmia were significantly higher immediately after the intervention than at baseline. At 3 month, higher proportions of correct answer for facial palsy, speech disturbance, hemiplegia, numbness of one side, calling 119 for stroke, alcohol drinking, smoking, and obesity were preserved as compared with those at baseline;75% vs. 33%, 91% vs. 60%, 79% vs. 52%, 58% vs. 51%, 79% vs. 52%, 90% vs. 85%, 96% vs.72%, 69% vs.54%, 35% vs.22%, respectively (p<0.05). Fifty six percentages of students answered correctly the FAST message. Conclusions: Stroke education by using our homemade comic book and animated cartoon improved knowledge about stroke among junior high school students.