Fast Co-pyrolysis Research Articles

Influence of Natural and H-Beta Zeolites on Yield and Composition of Non-Polar Fraction of Bio-Oil in Slow Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Polypropylene

The non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil is precursor of the formation of biofuel because it contains hydrocarbon only. Zeolite catalysts have been proved to improve the yields of non-polar fraction of bio-oil in case of fast co-pyrolysis. In the present work, the catalysts were applied to slow co-pyrolysis to investigate their effect on the yields and compositions of non-oxygenated fractions of bio-oil. The co-pyrolysis was conducted in a stirred tank reactor using non catalyst (thermal co-pyrolysis), natural zeolite and H-beta zeolite catalysts with heating rate of 5°C/minute from ambient temperature to 500°C and PP composition in combined feed varied 0, 50, and 100% weight of PP. As biomass, the present study used corn cobs. The results show that synergistic effect on the yield of non-oxygenated fraction in co-pyrolysis involving natural zeolite was lower than that in thermal co-pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis involving H-beta-zeolite exhibited negative synergistic effect. H-NMR analysis of the fraction from co-pyrolysis involving 50% weight of PP shows that the bio-oil contained approximately methyl H of about 55% by mol, methine H of 20% and methylene H of about 15% irrespective of catalysts used. This composition was closer to that of commercial gasoline rather than commercial diesel compositions.

Enhancement of gasification and liquefaction during fast co-pyrolysis of cedar wood and polyethylene through control of synergistic interactions

Cedar wood (CW) and polyethylene (PE) were co-pyrolyzed using variable CW particle sizes to investigate potential synergistic interactions for the control of product distribution. The fast co-pyrolysis of differently sized CW particles at a high PE mixing ratio (CW:PE = 10:90 w/w) 700 °C was investigated by product recovery tests as well as in situ pyrolysate monitoring. The PE and <75 μm CW particles mixture produced the highest yields of gases (29.2 wt%) and liquids (34.6 wt%), which were respectively 2.8 and 1.5 times higher than the estimated yields from individual CW and PE pyrolysates. Char production from CW and wax production from PE were reduced by nearly half of the estimated yields. The present work suggests that the pyrolysis of CW dispersed in a PE melt inhibits char formation, and radical interactions between the CW and PE pyrolysates dramatically enhance hydrocarbon production from the PE.

Formation of non-oxygenated phase of bio-oil produced by copyrolysis of corn cobs and polypropylene plastic using zeolite catalysts at low heating rate

Thermal co-pyrolysis of corn cobs and polypropylene (PP) at low heating rate (thermal slow co-pyrolysis) has succeeded in separating bio-oil produced between oxygenated and non-oxygenated phases spontaneously. In co-pyrolysis, PP can sequester oxygen from bio-oil to convert part of bio-oil to non-oxygenated phase and can contribute partly non-oxygenated phase by PP carbon chain cracking. Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis has been commonly used to improve bio-oil yield and to improve non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil. However, the catalytic fast co-pyrolysis is unable to obtain separate non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil. In present work, zeolite catalyst was introduced in co-pyrolysis of corn cobs and PP at low heating rate to undertake catalytic slow co-pyrolysis in order to obtain synergistic effect of non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil while obtaining separate non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil. The present co-pyrolysis work was carried out in a stirred tank reactor at heating rate of 5 °C/min and maximum temperature of 500 °C. The composition of feed was varied at 0, 50 and 100%PP in the mixture of corn cob particles and PP granules. The experiment involved 3 catalytic configurations, i.e., no catalyst, ZSM5-38 and ZSM5-70, in which 38 and 70 represents the mole ratio of SI/Al in the catalysts. The results show that in slow co-pyrolysis of biomass-PP, the use of zeolite catalyst with high acidity suppressed the pyrolysis of PP to form wax and reduced bio-oil yield, and the synergistic effect was obtained as the co-pyrolysis used no catalyst and zeolite catalyst of ZSM5-70, while that using zeolite catalyst of ZSM5-38 reached negative synergistic effect. Utilization of catalyst generated high amount of aliphatic moieties, i.e. methyl, methine and methylene. With ZSM5 catalyst utilization, production of allyl decreased. Most of non-polar bio-oil fractions have similar or slightly higher heating values (HHVs) compared to those of commercial fuels. Branching index (BI) values of non-polar phase of bio-oil generated straight carbon chain with higher branches compared to those commercial fuels.

Aromatics production from fast co-pyrolysis of lignin and waste cooking oil catalyzed by HZSM-5 zeolite

Lignin and waste cooking oil are wastes from paper and food industries, respectively. In this work, the catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of lignin and waste cooking oil for the production of aromatics in a pyroprobe was investigated with an aim to improve the utilization of lignin waste and waste cooking oil. Furthermore, lignin-derived monomers, including phenol, o-cresol, and guaiacol, were also used as model feedstock for the catalytic co-pyrolysis in order to study the mechanism underlying aromatic formation. The mechanistic study helped lay theoretical foundation for the industrial application of the co-pyrolysis process. The effects of catalyst and waste cooking oil addition on co-pyrolysis product fractional yield and selectivity were studied. High amount of waste cooking oil in the feedstock with appropriate catalyst-to-feedstock ratio (3:1) contributed to high peak-area yields of the total detected compounds and aromatics. The alkylation and demethoxylation of phenols were enhanced at high ratios of catalyst to feedstock and waste cooking oil to lignin. When the ratio of waste cooking oil to lignin was 1:1, the highest mono-aromatic selectivity (82.6%) and synergistic extent (52.1%) for mono-aromatic production were obtained. The catalytic co-pyrolysis of the lignin-derived monomers and waste cooking oil showed that guaiacol was the most active compound to be converted to aromatics, followed by o-cresol, and phenol. The reaction mechanism underlying the formation of aromatics from the synergistic conversion of aliphatics and phenolics was elaborated.

Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of organosolv lignin and polypropylene over in-situ red mud and ex-situ HZSM-5 in two-step catalytic micro reactor

The additional use of red mud (RM) on the catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (CFCP) of organosolv lignin (OL) and polypropylene (PP) over ex-situ HZSM-5 was investigated using a tandem micro reactor system. Non-catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of OL and PP increased their decomposition efficiency owing to the effective interactions. The in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of OL over RM led to the enhanced conversion of large molecular OL pyrolyzates with the additional production of aromatic hydrocarbons. The in-situ CFCP of OL/PP over RM resulted in a further increase in the cracking efficiency of OL/PP pyrolyzates as well as an increase in the aromatics formation efficiency owing to the effective interactions between their CFP intermediates. Furthermore, the application of RM in 1st in-situ catalytic reactor was found to be the optimal catalyst system because the in-situ CFCP of OL/PP over RM can enhance the formation of the proper hydrocarbons precursors for the production of aromatics over ex-situ HZSM-5 in 2nd reactor. Compared to the one-step CFCP of OL/PP over ex-situ HZSM-5, two-step CFCP of OL/PP over in-situ RM and ex-situ ZSM-5 maintained the higher aromatics formation during the 7 times sequential reaction due to the slow deactivation of ex-situ HZSM-5.

Fast co-pyrolysis of a massive Naomaohu coal and cedar mixture using rapid infrared heating

Few studies on co-pyrolysis of a massive low-rank coal and biomass mixture with a high heating rate were conducted. This study adopted a novel infrared heating technique to minimize the secondary reactions process and further to explore the co-pyrolysis interactions of primary volatiles-volatiles from Naomaohu coal and cedar, based on co-pyrolysis products distribution, tar quality and compositions, char compositions at varied pyrolysis temperatures and blending ratios. The results show that infrared heating technique was successfully used to confirm the existence of synergies from primary volatiles of coal and biomass. The highest coal tar yield in the infrared-heated reactor with 1200 °C/min is 20.27 wt%, which is 1.54 times as the Gray-King assay. Higher cedar content can promote the generation of char and suppress the pyrolysis of NMH coal. At the pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, light tar content in tar exhibited an increasing trend from 58.0 wt% to 75.5 wt% with the cedar content, and the best synergistic performance was obtained at 75% of cedar content. In addition, the significantly higher methyl-contained phenols and naphthalenes and lower CH4 revealed the fact that cedar can obviously act as hydrogen donor during co-pyrolysis process. The analysis of char compositions shows that the H has been transferred to gas and liquid products from solid char during co-pyrolysis, which can well interpret the improvement of tar quality.

Studies of fast co-pyrolysis of oil shale and wood in a bubbling fluidized bed

Fast co-pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale-wood blends were researched by a bubbling fluidized bed reactor in this paper. An on-line GASMET Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC–MS) were employed for analyzing gas and liquid products. The effect of different blending ratios of oil shale(S)/wood(W) (S:W = 1:0,3:1,1:1,1:3,0:1 in this paper) on the co-pyrolysis products was discussed. The effect of temperature on the characteristics of the co-pyrolysis of S:W = 3:1 was also investigated in this paper. According to the results, the interaction of oil shale and biomass influenced oxygen distribution in volatiles, promoting the generation of CO2 generation and inhibiting the conversion of oxygen-containing compounds like alcohols and acids in pyrolytic oil. The effects of minerals in oil shale and the free radicals generated from wood were concluded according to the experimental results. In addition, as the temperature increased from 430 °C–600 °C, the yield of oil reached maximum at 520 °C with stronger secondary cracking of kerogen and biomass macromolecules.

Converting polycarbonate and polystyrene plastic wastes intoaromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic fast co-pyrolysis

Thermochemical conversion of plastic wastes is a promising approach to produce alternative energy-based fuels. Herein, we conducted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) to generate aromatic hydrocarbons using HZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil-5, hydrogen, Aluminosilicate) as a catalyst. The results indicated that employing HZSM-5 in the catalytic conversion of PC facilitated the synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons in comparison to the non-catalytic run. A competitive reaction between aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic oxygenates was observed within the studied temperature region, and catalytic degradation temperature of 700 °C maximized the competing reaction towards the formation of targeted aromatic hydrocarbons at the expense of phenolic products. Catalyst type also played a vital role in the catalytic decomposition of PC wastes, and HZSM-5 with different Si/Al molar ratios produced more aromatic hydrocarbons than HY (Zeolite Y, hydrogen, Faujasite). Regarding the effect of Si/Al molar ration in HZSM-5 on the distribution of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), a Si/Al molar ratio of 38 maximized benzene formation with an advanced factor of 5.1. Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of PC with hydrogen-rich plastic wastes including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) favored the production of MAHs, and PS was the most effective hydrogen donor with a ∼2.5-fold increase. The additive effect of MAHs increased at first and then decreased when the PC percentage was elevated from 30 % to 90 %, achieving the maximum value of 32.4 % at 70 % PC.

Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of waste greenhouse plastic films and rice husk using hierarchical micro-mesoporous composite molecular sieve

Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of waste greenhouse plastic films and rice husk over a hierarchical HZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst was performed in an analytical Py-GC/MS. We evaluated the effect of pyrolysis temperature and the ratio of rice husk to waste greenhouse plastic films on the total peak area of condensable organic products and CO2. In order to evaluate synergy possibilities among the two feedstocks, we performed non-catalytic pyrolysis and catalytic fast pyrolysis of rice husk and waste greenhouse plastic films separately. In addition, we report results for the catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of the mixture rice husk and waste greenhouse plastic films. The maximum relative content of hydrocarbons from catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of rice husk and waste greenhouse plastic films is obtained at 600 °C. When the mass ratio of rice husk to waste greenhouse plastic films is 1:1.5, the relative content of hydrocarbons reaches a maximum (71.1%). The hierarchical micro-mesoporous composite molecular sieve used in this work has outstanding catalytic activity and increases the relative content of hydrocarbons.

Insight into Co-pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) with Palm Oil Sludge (POS): Effect on Bio-oil Yield and Properties

Bio-oil a carbon based liquid fuel from fast pyrolysis of biomass, can bring prospective changes in the renewable energy field gradually. However, the bio-oil ought to be upgraded since it possesses several negative attributes such as high corrosiveness, high acidity, and high content of water. Catalytic pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis are able to improve some of the properties of bio-oil during production. The fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) produces acidic bio-oil whereas the fast pyrolysis of palm oil sludge (POS) liberates basic bio-oil. Therefore, current study investigated the fast co-pyrolysis of PKS with POS at different blend ratios (10, 20, 35 and 50 wt% POS with PKS) with the aim to produce bio-oil with improved pH. The corresponding blends were pyrolyzed at 507 ± 13 °C in a fixed bed reactor. As the amount of POS in the blends increased from 0 to 100 wt%, a negative synergistic effect (SP) was observed and so a decrease in bio-oil yield. The observation was attributed to the presence of AAEMs found in POS. The total acid number (TAN) of bio-oils decreased with increasing POS ratio in the blends as well. At PKS to POS mass ratio of 50:50, the pH value of the bio-oil produced was 4.6 ± 0.1. Based on the yield and physical properties of bio-oil, the blend with 20 wt% of POS was chosen as the desired ratio as it yielded 40.8 ± 3.7 wt% of bio-oil with a slight negative synergistic effect (SP) of 3.26.

Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of bamboo sawdust and waste plastics for enhanced aromatic hydrocarbons production using synthesized CeO2/γ-Al2O3 and HZSM-5

Fast co-pyrolysis of bamboo sawdust and waste plastic (linear low-density polyethylene, LLDPE) over a dual catalytic stage of synthesized CeO2/γ-Al2O3 and HZSM-5 was conducted to enhance aromatic hydrocarbons production. Experimental results indicated that the catalyst to biomass (C/B) mass ratio played a determining role in the formation of hydrocarbon intermediates and a C/B mass ratio of 4 facilitated the production of aromatic hydrocarbons. Dual catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of bamboo sawdust and LLDPE using synthesized CeO2/γ-Al2O3 and HZSM-5 increased the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons and a CeO2/γ-Al2O3 to HZSM-5 mass ratio of 1:3 maximized the target products. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons was increased at first and then decreased as the LLDPE percentage was elevated from 20% to 100% during the dual catalytic fast co-pyrolysis process, with the highest concentration obtained at 75% LLDPE percentage. In addition, the additive effect of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was enhanced with the increasing of LLDPE percentage in the feedstock blends, and higher LLDPE proportion favored the production of xylenes, ethylbenzene, and alkylbenzenes as the additive effects were significantly promoted.

Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of lignin and waste oil catalyzed by hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst to produce aromatic hydrocarbons

Microwave-assisted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (MACFP) of lignin and waste oil with SiC as microwave absorbent and hierarchical ZSM-5/MCM-41 as catalyst were implemented in a microwave-induced reactor. ZSM-5/MCM-41 is a kind of composite catalyst with MCM-41 as shell and ZSM as core. The effects of catalyst temperature, the ratio of feedstock-to-catalyst and the ratio of two reactants (lignin and waste oil) on product distribution and yield were studied. The study shows that catalytic co-pyrolysis is a complex reaction process, and many reaction conditions could affect the final reaction results. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: catalytic temperature 400 °C, the feedstock-to-catalyst ratio of 10:1 and the ratio of lignin to waste oil of 2:1. Under this reaction condition, the conversion of feedstocks reached 76.00%, the proportion of aromatics was 50.31% and the selectivity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) was 42.83%.

Optimizing the Aromatic Yield via Catalytic Fast Co-pyrolysis of Rice Straw and Waste Oil over HZSM-5 Catalysts

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of lignocellulosic-based feedstocks into aromatics has attracted much interest, owing to its economic feasibility. However, the low effective hydrogen index (H/Ceff) of lignocellulosic biomass adversely impacts the production of aromatics via CFP. Here, we report catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (CFCP) of hydrogen-deficient rice straw (an important lignocellulosic-biomass-derived feedstock) coupled with hydrogen-rich stearic acid, gutter oil, or microalgae oil over a series of selected HZSM-5 catalysts. The aromatic yield of CFP of these three reactants decreases slightly in the order of stearic acid, microalgae oil, and gutter oil. CFP of rice straw has a lower aromatic yield than CFP of stearic acid, gutter oil, or microalgae oil. However, CFCP of rice straw along with each of the hydrogen-rich candidates produces higher aromatic yields than predicted by the theoretical yield values of CFP of the individual materials. Additionally, the mass ratios of the two reactants are optim...

An Investigation on the Interaction between Biomass and Coal during their Co-Pyrolysis

This study aims to investigate the interaction during the co-pyrolysis of Cangzhou coal and sawdust/rice husk. The synergistic is analyzed in the thermal behavior of the blends and the kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), also in the products yield (oil and char) from the fast co-pyrolysis and the oil characterization by GC-MS and UV fluorescence spectroscopy. Firstly TG experiment indicated the synergistic effect occurs during the co-pyrolysis process of the coal and rice husk occurs during the all the main pyrolysis (300-550°C) and that of the sawdust between 300-410°C (for the 50:50 and the 75:25 blends) and 300-550°C (for the 25:75 blend). Then the co-fast pyrolysis in a novel auger reactor increased the oil yield compared to the predicted values. The synergistic interaction promoted the oxygenated compounds, limited the SOx emissions, was less reactive and did not promote the aromatic components.

Renewable jet-fuel range hydrocarbons production from co-pyrolysis of lignin and soapstock with the activated carbon catalyst

The current study aims to investigate the effects of agricultural waste-derived activated carbon catalyst on the jet-fuel range hydrocarbons distribution from raw biomass pyrolysis under the hydrogen donor condition provided by a solid waste. Ex-situ catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of lignin with and without soapstock was carried out using the corn stover-derived activated carbon catalyst in a facile fixed bed reactor. Results showed that the soapstock, as the hydrogen donor, exhibited a positive synergistic effect with lignin on enhancing the production of valuable aromatics in the obtained bio-oil. Additionally, biomass-derived activated carbon catalyst has the robust catalytic ability to convert pyrolysis vapors into high-density jet fuel-ranged aromatic hydrocarbons rather than phenols with the assistance of soapstock solid waste. Results indicated that the proportions of jet-fuel range aromatics increased monotonically with elevating pyrolytic temperatures from 400 to 550 °C, and the optimal lignin/soapstock ratio was 1:2 with regarding the yield of attained bio-oils. The maximum proportion of jet-fuel ranged aromatics (87.8%) and H2 concentration (76.4 vol%) could be achieved with the pyrolytic temperature, lignin/soapstock ratio, and catalyst/feedstock ratio of 550 °C, 2:1, and 1:1, respectively. The current study may provide a novel route of converting solid wastes into value-added jet fuels and hydrogen-enriched fuel gases, which will advance the utilization of renewable biomass.

Fast pyrolysis behavior of lignocellulosic biomass model compound: releasing properties, kinetic analysis of the primary gaseous products and char structure evolution from cellulose

Abstract Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass can provide various products, including syngas, char, and tar. Compared with two other products, gaseous products can be easily compressed and transported. Releasing properties and kinetic analysis of the primary gaseous products is very important for reactor design and process optimization. Due to the variety of biomass, the different conclusion on the products distribution was obtained. Thus, in this paper, one of the primary compounds of biomass, cellulose (CE) was fast pyrolyzed in a drop tube furnace with a basket reactor from 700 oC to 850 oC. An online mass spectrometer was applied to track the releasing properties of main gaseous products, including H2, CO, CH4, and CO2. Iso-conversion method was used to calculate the kinetic parameters of the formation of the gaseous product. Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were applied to determine the structure of char. The results indicated that with the increasing pyrolysis temperature, the char yield of CE decreased from 8.39% at 700 oC to 5.83% at 850 oC. CO and CO2 were the primary components of the pyrolysis gas from fast pyrolysis of CE. Kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy from the formation of H2 was higher than those of other three pyrolysis gas. This work provides an insight into the formation of gaseous and solid products during fast co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.

Improving bio-oil properties through the fast co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and waste tyres

Pinewood sawdust and the waste rubber from truck tyres have been co-pyrolysed in order to improve the properties of bio-oil for its integration in oil refineries. In addition, an analysis has been conducted of the effect the interactions between these two materials’ pyrolysis reactions have on product yields and properties. Biomass/tyre mixing ratios of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 by weight percentage have been pyrolysed in continuous mode at 500 °C in a conical spouted bed reactor, obtaining oil yields in the 55.2–71.6 wt% range. Gaseous, oil and solid fractions have been characterised for the 50/50 biomass/tyre mixture, paying special attention to the oil fraction by determining its detailed composition, elemental analysis and calorific value. Co-processing enables the stabilization of the liquid, as the co-pyrolysis oil has a stable single phase, being composed mainly of water, aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols in concentrations of 14.5, 11.1 and 9.7 wt%, respectively. Adding tyre rubber to the biomass in the pyrolysis feed improves the oil’s properties, as a liquid with higher carbon content and lower oxygen and water is obtained, even if sulphur content is also increased.

Unraveling the interactions in fast co-pyrolysis of microalgae model compoundsviapyrolysis-GC/MS and pyrolysis-FTIR techniques

The pyrolysate composition, product time evolution and kinetics of fast co-pyrolysis of protein, carbohydrate and lipid surrogates are investigated to unravel the interactions among microalgae components.

Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of bamboo sawdust and waste tire using a tandem reactor with cascade bubbling fluidized bed and fixed bed system

Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (co-CFP) of bamboo sawdust and waste tire over HZSM-5 and MgO was conducted using a tandem pyrolysis and upgrading system which consists of a bubbling fluidized bed and a fixed bed reactor. HZSM-5 mixed and sequential with MgO modes were studied to explore the additive effect for the promotion of aromatic hydrocarbons. Experimental results indicated that co-CFP of bamboo sawdust with waste tire over pure HZSM-5 increased the yields of pyrolysis oil and char, while the gas yield decreased with the increasing of waste tire percentage in the feedstock blends. The product distribution of pyrolysis oil obtained from co-CFP of bamboo sawdust and waste tire over pure HZSM-5 was dominated by aromatic hydrocarbons, and the relative concentration increased from 26.71 to 71.50% as the waste tire percentage elevated from 0 to 60 wt%. Co-CFP of bamboo sawdust and waste tire using HZSM-5 mixed with MgO mode produced a higher yield of pyrolysis oil than the sequential mode when HZSM-5/MgO mass ratio was raised from 1:4 to 1:1. However, the sequential mode was proved to be more effective in the promotion of aromatic hydrocarbons than the mixed mode at a higher HZSM-5 proportion. A positive additive effect for alkylbenzenes was found when the sequential mode was used at varying HZSM-5/MgO mass ratios. Regarding the olefins, C10 olefins were main products, and limonene selectivity increased at first and then decreased with the highest selectivity of 38.87% occurring at HZSM-5/MgO of 2:3 in the mixed mode case. The additive effect of HZSM-5 and MgO indicated that both the mixed and sequential modes inhibited the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the most significant additive effect obtained at HZSM-5/MgO mass ratio of 1:1 using the mixed mode.

Catalytic Copyrolysis of Cork Oak and Waste Plastic Films over HBeta

The catalytic fast copyrolysis (CFCP) of cork oak (CoOak) and waste plastic films (WPFs) over HBeta(25) (SiO2/Al2O3: 25) was investigated using a thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer and a tandem micro reactor-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TMR-GC/MS) to determine the effectiveness of WPFs as the hydrogen donating cofeeding feedstock on the CFCP of biomass. By applying CFCP, the maximum decomposition temperatures of CoOak (373.4 °C) and WPFs (487.9 °C) were reduced to 364.5 °C for CoOak and 436.5 °C for WPFs due to the effective interaction between the pyrolysis intermediates of CoOak and WPFs over HBeta(25), which has strong acidity and an appropriate pore size. The experimental yields of aromatic hydrocarbons on the CFCP of CoOak and WPFs were higher than their calculated yields concluded from the yields obtained from the individual catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of CoOak and WPFs. The coke amount produced from the CFP of CoOak and WPFs over HBeta(25) were also decreased by applying CFCP.