Fast Breaking Research Articles

THE DISPARITY OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS BETWEEN WINNING AND LOSING FIBA WOMEN'S BASKETBALL WORLD CUP 2018 TEAMS

International Basketball Federation (FIBA) is an association that control basketball sports worldwide. One of the events that have been created by FIBA since 1953 was the FIBA Women’s Basketball World Cup and the World Cup of 2018 was chosen as the sample. The main objective of this study was to identify and compare the game plan used by both winning and losing teams in FIBA Women’s Basketball World Cup 2018. This study conducted to analyse the tactical evaluation in attacking and defending used based on the chosen performance indicators. There were 18 performance indicators involved (successful free throw, unsuccessful free throw, successful passing, unsuccessful passing, successful block, unsuccessful block, defensive rebound, offensive rebound, foul, rebound, assist, crossover, steal, inside pass, turnover, shooting 3-points and shooting 2-points). All videos (N=40) have been observed used Longomatch software to quantify the data. The reliability and validity testing outcome (R=>0.8 and the total error (%) = <10%) render the instrument reliable and the data valid. Independent T-test used to test the hypothesis and the outcome showed that seven indicators had significant differences between winning and losing. The significant indicators were successful free throw, t (76.53) = 3.58, p = 0.001, defensive rebound, t (78) = 5.78, p = 0.001, foul, t (78) = -2.63, p = 0.01, rebound, t (78) = 4.63, p = 0.001, assist, t (78) = 5.51, p = 0.001, fast break, t (78) = 3.13, p = 0.002, and finally shooting 2-points, t (78) = 5.06, p = 0.001. Other performance indicators noted to have no significant difference between both groups (p > 0.05). This study’s findings provide evidence on selected performance indicators that verify an effective strategy to gain points in match games.

Are the playoffs different from the regular season? A comparison of in-game statistics in Icelandic elite handball

ABSTRACT There are many axioms in sport that are taken at face value. One of them is that the playoffs are somehow totally different from the regular season. The aim of this study was to test that axiom by comparing in-game statistics during the regular season and the playoffs in the semi-professional Icelandic elite men’s handball league. Data from 724 games (648 regular season games and 76 playoff games; 1448 data points) across five seasons were analysed using a two-level logistic regression analysis. The variables of interest were pace, fast breaks, legal stops, penalty throws given, 2-minute suspensions, and saves. The results indicated no meaningful differences in fast breaks, penalty throws given or number of saves, but did find signs of added intensity during the playoffs with a higher pace, more legal stops and more 2-minute suspensions. While the differences were not particularly large, they have the possibility of being practically meaningful and were in line with the axiom. Possible explanations were discussed but more research is needed to determine whether these findings are context- or sport-specific.

An integrated multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker for VSC-based DC grids

DC circuit breakers are of great significance for the reliable and flexible operation of VSC-based DC grids. The hybrid DC circuit breaker (HDCB) combines the advantages of low on-state loss of the mechanical DC circuit breaker and fast breaking speed of the solid-state DC circuit breaker, showing excellent application prospects. However, the cluster of two or more HDCBs connected to the same DC bus could significantly increase the total project investment. At present, the solution based on multiport HDCB (M-HDCB) has been proposed to practically reduce the construction cost, but the power transmission among adjacent healthy DC lines will also be interrupted after the isolation of DC bus fault, which is still a challenging problem. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a novel integrated multiport HDCB (IM-HDCB) is proposed in this paper. In addition to the shared transfer and energy dissipation branches, the key auxiliary units composed of diode-stacks and thyristor-stacks are also integrated into the IM-HDCB to enhance the overall performance. Compared with existing solutions, it is shown that the proposed IM-HDCB has more excellent performance. Finally, the capabilities of the proposed novel IM-HDCB are validated by simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC.

Specific Game-Based Performance in Elite Male Adolescent Team Handball Players.

In elite team handball, talent identification and selection of the best young players is a fundamental process in several national federations and clubs; however, literature addressing the specific game-based performance in team handball is almost nonexistent. Consequently, the aim of the study was to assess and compare the team-handball-specific game-based performance of elite male team handball players of different ages. Twelve under-23, 10 under-19, 10 under-17, and 10 under-15 elite male players performed the team-handball game-based performance test. During testing, oxygen uptake, heart rate, sprinting time in defense, offense, fast breaks, and fast retreats, as well as ball velocity and jump height in the jump shot, were measured. Significant differences (P < .05) between under-23, under-19, under-17, and under-15 players were found for absolute peak oxygen uptake, defense, offense and fast break time, ball velocity, and jump height in the game-based performance test, as well as in body weight and height. The results revealed that with increasing age, elite male team handball players are heavier and taller (body weight and height); faster (team-handball offense, defense, and fast break); jump higher and throw faster (in the team-handball jump shot); and perform better aerobically (absolute peak oxygen uptake). The better performance in the under-23 and under-19 players compared with male adult players competing in a lower National Federation league (not on top-elite level) demonstrates that highly specific game-based physical performance determines the potential for developing young male team handball players for competition at the top level.

Breaking BEC: Quantum evolution of unstable condensates

In this work we numerically explore the quantum behavior of a classically unstable relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The main goal is to study the phenomenon of so-called quantum break time which amounts to a significant departure from a semiclassical mean-field description. It has been suggested previously that the existence of Lyapunov instability is crucial for a fast quantum breaking, chaos, and scrambling. In order to clarify the issue, we work within the 2-PI effective action formalism and introduce a simple and very widely applicable dynamical criterion for identifying the timescale of quantumbreaking. We indeed observe that the fast quantum break time is controlled by the Lyapunov exponent of the unstable BEC.

Unique Ligand Exchange Dynamics of Metal–Organic Polyhedra for Vitrimer-like Gas Separation Membranes

Unique Ligand Exchange Dynamics of Metal–Organic Polyhedra for Vitrimer-like Gas Separation Membranes

Evidence-based risk factors for major complications during Ramadan fasting in people with diabetes grouped under IDF-DAR risk categories

AimTo identify evidence-based risk factors for major complications during Ramadan fasting in people with diabetes grouped under IDF-DAR risk categories. MethodsThis prospective observational multicenter study was conducted by Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE) between April-June 2019. People with diabetes having intention to fast during Ramadan were recruited. Demographic data collection along with risk categorization was done during pre-Ramadan visit. Structured education was given on one- to-one basis to each of the study participants. Assessment of complications was done during post Ramadan visit. ResultsA total of 1045 people with diabetes participated with near equal gender distribution. Two thirds of study population was grouped into very high- and high-risk categories. Frequencies of major hypoglycemia, major hyperglycemia, hospitalization & need to break the fast were 4.4%, 10.8%, 0.8% & 3.1% respectively.On multivariate analysis, the risk factors found for major hypoglycemia during Ramadan were male gender, use of sedatives & antidepressants & having type1 diabetes mellitus, history of DKA/HHS during last 3 months for major hyperglycemia, major hypoglycemia & hospitalization for breaking of fast while older age, acute illness, and major hypoglycemia were identified factors for hospitalization. ConclusionIn this prospective study evidence-based risk factors for fasting related major complications were identified in people with diabetes. It is imperative to recognize these factors during pre-Ramadan risk assessment visit.

Novel power electronic device for power angle stability control

This letter proposes a novel phase sequence exchange (PSE) device. When the generator loses synchronization and the power angle gradually increases, the primary side of the contact line is disconnected and quickly connected in a staggered phase using the power device with fast breaking characteristics. The three phases A, B, and C of the generator are connected to the systems C, A, and B. The power angle can be reduced by 120° instantaneously, thereby reducing system instability. First, the mechanism of the PSE device stability control is explained and the optimal PSE power angle threshold is calculated. After that, the structure and working process of the PSE device were proposed, the PSE prototype was manufactured, and an experimental platform was built for verification. Finally, a control method of the PSE device is proposed to reduce the impact and verified on the experimental platform.

Linker dependent symmetry breaking charge separation in 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene dimers

Fast symmetry breaking charge separation (SB-CS) rate and slow CS recombination rate were achieved simultaneously via tuning the molecular geometry.

Anaerobic capacity assessment of junior basketball players after the pandemic lockdown in Romania

In the context of the pandemic period, basketball competitions have undergone changes in their organisational structure, so playing games in the form of a “bubble” tournament required adequate training. Due to the rapid pace of play during the “bubble” competitions, junior basketball players need to have very good anaerobic and aerobic capacity. Intensification of the competitive effort by increasing the speed of movement and execution, making fast breaks, performing bouncing passes and throws to the basket, fighting to recover the ball and using the active defence (pressing) all over the court imposes high demands on the body at the somatic and vegetative levels. The purpose of the present study is to assess the anaerobic capacity of junior players (U16) in the pre-competitive period, given that their training was interrupted between March and September 2020 by the legislative norms on sports activity due to the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania. The ascertaining study was conducted in January 2021 on the CSU Știința Bucharest team players aged 15-16 years. The tests applied to assess their anaerobic capacity consisted of Countermovement Jump (CMJ) and acceleration speed (5 m, 10 m and 15 m). The data were collected using the computerised Optojump and Tag Heurer - Chronoprinter 520 techniques.

The Throw Effectiveness in The Last Minutes of Handball Close Games and The Factors That Influence It

This paper examines the throw effectiveness in the last 10 minutes of close games (50-60th), during the season 2018-2019 of the Greek Men’s Handball Championship “Handball Premier”. The research observed all the matches from the 2018-2019 Greek Men’s Handball championship. 61% of the total attacks ended with a throw with 56% of them ending as a goal, while the rest 39% of the total attacks ended with a turnover or a 2- minute Suspension/Penalty. During the last ten minutes (50-60th), there was both an increase in the shots that came from the 6m area (22% to 26%) and the percentage of suspensions and penalties, while the percentage of the fast breaks declined by 4% (17% to 13%). In conclusion, whereas the total effectiveness of throws increased in the last 10 minutes (50-60th), the number of the fast breaks and the defensive effectiveness decreased resulting in more suspensions for the defensive team.

A vorticity wave packet breaking within a rapidly rotating vortex. Part II: wave/mean flow interaction

AbstractIn Part I, the author analyzed the asymmetric structure of a critical layer embedded in a linearly stable, columnar, and axisymmetric vortex on the ‐plane. This structure is the result of the long time asymptotic and slowly varying interaction between a vorticity wave packet and the vortex. He showed that the presence of a critical layer‐induced mean radial velocity led to the formation of a spiraling helical critical layer. Through matched asymptotic expansions, he found an analytical solution of the leading‐order motion equations inside the critical layer. In this paper, he derives the system of the coupled evolution equations of the wave amplitude and the low‐order CL‐induced mean flow on the critical radius in the quasi‐steady regime. The knowledge of the wave amplitude, the leading‐order mean axial and azimuthal velocity, and axial vorticity evolutions can be simply determined from three first‐order differential equations. The main outcome of the first‐order mean flow truncated system resolution is that the wave packet/vortex interaction leads to a fast vorticity wave breaking. The wave amplitude equation contains a coupling term, involving the vertical gradient of the mean axial vorticity located inside the separatrices, and accelerating the breaking. The leading‐order mean rotational and vertical momenta are conserved within the envelope as time proceeds. Numerical simulations nevertheless show that the wave packet and vortex kinetic energies slightly grow inside the envelope before the breaking onset in most of the cases, whereas the vortex was intensifying at the expense of the wave packet in the previous and unsteady interaction. The vertical wind shear strength has the highest effect on the wave/mean flow interaction. When the shear is moderate, it enhances intensification but when it is very large, it prohibits it in both the unsteady and slowly evolving stages. Including the second‐order mean flow in this system could, however, avoid the breaking and would permit the interaction to generate an asymptotic constant‐speed travelling coherent vortical structure.

Controlled Fast Vacuum Breaking of an AC Short-Circuit Current in a Short-arcing Time

A quick elimination of short-circuit faults in a short time can significantly promote the transient stability of an AC power grid. This paper proposes controlled fast vacuum breaking (CFVB) of a short-circuit current within a short-arcing time. The CFVB technology performs the following: determining a lower-limit opening speed of 3.5 m/s for a 40.5 kV fast vacuum circuit breaker (FVCB), quickly predicting the fault current-zero within 4.0 ± 0.4 ms to command the FVCB to open at a selected current phase-angle, and optimizing an electromagnetic repulsion actuator with an opening time of 2.5 ± 0.05 ms to achieve an accurate opening operation. The CFVB technology was deployed in a prototype of single-phase multiple-break 363 kV FVCB to validate its feasibility. The validation involved test duties of T100s(b) and T100a following standards IEC 62271-100 2017 and GB/T 1984-2014. Test results demonstrated that by adopting the CFVB technology, the 363 kV FVCB can successfully interrupt a fault current of 80 kA rms within the first half-wave fault current with a short-arcing time of 2.5 ms. Further application of the CFVB technology could help promote the transient stability of power distribution and transmission systems.

Investigation of the floating IEA Wind 15 MW RWT using vortex methods Part I: Flow regimes and wake recovery

AbstractFloating wind turbines have the potential to enable global exploitation of offshore wind energy, but there is a need to further understand the complex aerodynamic phenomena they can encounter due to floater induced rotor motion. Aerodynamic models traditionally used in the wind energy sector, like the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory, may not be capable of capturing the dynamic phenomena that occur when the rotor moves in and out of its own wake. In the present paper, we therefore compare an industry standard BEM‐based code to a state of the art vortex solver, to investigate the phenomena in detail and further clarify the capabilities and limitations of both methods. An initial benchmark of the two codes using the IEA Wind 15 MW RWT mounted on the WindCrete spar‐buoy floater is carried out. Three different scenarios are taken into account: a bottom‐fixed, a floating case, and a floating case subject to regular waves. Growing discrepancies between the codes have been observed with the increasing complexity of the simulations. Moreover, large differences between the wake generated by a bottom fixed and a floating turbine have been observed, with the latter one experiencing a faster recovery. To further explore the floating turbines behaviors that can affect the rotor performance and wake, a systematic investigation of the mean tilt angle influence in the wake development has been carried out. Further, to account for the oscillatory motion of a floating turbine, a parametric study where the floater motion is prescribed in both pitch and surge degrees of freedom (DoF) is designed. The study covers a large variety of scenarios; a wide range of relevant frequencies and amplitudes are taken into account in under and above‐rated wind conditions. A total of more than 28 unique cases have been defined and simulated with both fidelity models. The results include the downstream evolution of the wake recovery and intensity of the turbulent disturbances induced by the rotor. The generic nature of the study allows to characterize the flow and performance effects and enables subsequent generalization to floater designs of given natural frequency and motion amplitude. It has been found that the BEM and LL predictions of the maximum loading in the blade root and tower bottom compare quite well, except for the case of large oscillation frequency in above rated conditions, where the BEM method under‐predicts the loads. Moreover, the use of a vortex solver makes it possible to look in depth into the wake characteristics, in which large differences are observed between the bottom‐fixed and the floating case in non‐turbulent inflow conditions. It has been found that the frequency and amplitude of the turbine oscillations can have a strong impact on the recovery of the wake. Moreover, we have found a link between short time intervals of large FA blade tip displacements and a faster break down of the wake. Finally it has been shown that a floating wind turbine with large and fast oscillations can transition between the different rotor states, including the non‐conventional propeller and vortex ring states, which are identified and characterized.

Maternal intermittent fasting during pregnancy: a translational research challenge for an important clinical scenario.

In volume 135, issue 11 of Clinical Science, Alkhalefah et al. report that, in pregnant rats, repeated, cyclic fasting, mimicking the fasting experienced by observant Muslim pregnant women during Ramadan, alters placental amino acid transport and increases the incidence of low birth weight. Though Muslim women are exempt, many observe Ramadan: >500 million fetuses worldwide may be exposed to Ramadan fasting in each generation, and low birth weight increases the risk of developing chronic disease in the future adult. Several mechanisms, including altered circadian rhythm, maternal stress, undernutrition or compensatory overeating at the breaking of fast, could, in theory, impact fetal growth during Ramadan. Limitations of the experimental model obviously prevent direct extrapolation to humans. Whether Ramadan fasting indeed affect fetal growth therefore remains unclear, as there is no clear-cut evidence from epidemiological studies. The paper illustrates the need to design further case-controlled studies in large cohorts of women who fasted at various stages of pregnancy, compared to appropriately matched women who did not fast, as well as more experimental studies focused on this issue of public health relevance.

Factors that Differentiate Winning and Losing in Men’s University Basketball

The objective of this study is to analyse the game-related statistics that differentiate winning and losing teams, according to the finale game scores in a men’s university basketball league. Samples were gathered from the archival data of the 2019–2020 regular season of the league. Sixteen game-related statistics were analysed: two- and three-point field-goals (both successful and unsuccessful), free-throws (both successful and unsuccessful), defensive and offensive rebounds, assists, steals, turnover, blocks, second-chance points, fast break points, fouls committed and received. The data were clustered into different game types based on the final outcome point differences: all games, balanced games (11 points and below) and unbalanced games (12 points and above). Discriminant function analysis was conducted to identify the performance indicators that classify winning and losing games. The results revealed that winning and losing in balanced games were discriminated by successful two-point field goals, unsuccessful two-point field goals, unsuccessful three-point field goals, successful free-throws, assists, steals, blocks, second-chance points, fast-break points, fouls committed, and fouls received. For unbalanced games, winning and losing were distinguished by successful two-point field goals, successful three-point field goals, successful free-throws, unsuccessful free-throws, defensive rebounds, blocks, fast-break points, and fouls received. In conclusion, offensive and defensive indices are critical to winning and losing in university-level basketball.

Analyses of hydrogen risk in containment filtered venting system using MELCOR

Hydrogen risk in the containment filtered venting system (CFVS) vessel was analyzed, considering operation pressure and modes with the effect of PAR and accident scenarios. The CFVS is to depressurize the containment by venting the containment atmosphere through the filtering system. The CFVS could be subject to hydrogen risk due to the change of atmospheric conditions while the containment atmosphere passes through the CFVS. It was found that hydrogen risk increased as the CFVS opening pressure was set higher because more combustible gases generated by Molten Core Concrete Interaction flowed into the CFVS. Hydrogen risk was independent of operation modes and found only at the early phase of venting both for continuous and cyclic operation modes. With PAR, hydrogen risk appeared only at the 0.9 MPa opening pressure for Station Black-Out accidents. Without PAR, however, hydrogen risk appeared even with the CFVS opening set-point of 0.5 MPa. In a slow accident like SBO, hydrogen risk was more threatening than a fast accident like Large Break Loss-of-Coolant Accident. Through this study, it is recommended to set the CFVS opening pressure lower than 0.9 MPa and to operate it in the cyclic mode to keep the CFVS available as long as possible.

Application of a resistive mutual-inductance fault current limiter in VSC-based HVDC system

The high DC fault current is a major challenge in voltage source converter (VSC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Direct-current circuit breakers (DCCBs) are used in these systems to protect the transmission lines against the DC fault current. However, they require large capacity and fast breaking speed to handle the DC fault current in VSC-based HVDC systems. Fault current limiters (FCLs) can be provide a reliable option to alleviate these issues. In this paper, a resistive mutual-inductance fault current limiter (RMFCL) is proposed to restrict the DC fault current in HVDC systems. It is based on the conventional mutual-inductance FCL that its power circuit is modified to reduce the DCCB requirements. The power circuit, principle operating and parameter design of the proposed RMFCL are presented. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed RMFCL is validated in a 3-terminal HVDC system in PSCAD/EMTDC system. Finally, its performance is compared with the parallel-resistor FCL (PRFCL), series-resistor FCL (SRFCL) and mutual-inductance FCL (MFCL). Comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed RMFCL has superior performance in task of fault current amplitude, isolation time and energy absorption by the metal-oxide arrester (MOA) used in DCCB.

Comparative study of the two-shift fast break velocity index for the first three teams to qualify for the Golden Pistol of the Basketball Premier League (2016-2017)

The importance of the research is summarized in the study of comparing some of the kinematic variables of the quick attack with two shifts between the first three clubs of the golden pistol basketball in the Premier League (2016-2017), and the research problem is summarized in finding the strengths and weaknesses of the first three clubs of the golden pistol in the Premier League (2016-2017) in Basketball Therefore, the researcher decided to engage in a comparative study of some of the kinematic variables of the quick attack with two transfers to the top three clubs of the Golden Pistol of the Premier League for the year (2016-2017) in basketball.&#x0D; The study aimed to:&#x0D; &#x0D; Comparing the kinematic variables of the quick attack with two transfers of the first three clubs of the Premier League for the year (2016-2017) basketball.&#x0D; &#x0D; As for the research methodology, the researcher used the descriptive approach using the comparative survey method. As for the research sample, it included the first three clubs of the Premier League basketball (2016-2017). The researcher used the Kinovia program to extract the values ​​of the kinematic variables, either the statistical means, the researcher used (the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and the one-way analysis of variance).&#x0D; The researcher reached the most important conclusions:.&#x0D; &#x0D; It was found that the transfer time of the ball is random, meaning there are no differences between the first three clubs.&#x0D; It was found that the speed of the ball’s transfer also gave a random result (not significant) for the first three clubs.&#x0D; &#x0D; The researcher reached the most important recommendations:&#x0D; &#x0D; Preparing a training curriculum for rapid attack in one or two moves.&#x0D; Preparing an analytical study for the rest of the types of rapid attack in one or three moves.&#x0D;

A systematic evaluation of criteria for river ice breakup initiation using River1D model and field data

Mechanical breakup of river ice cover is often associated with ice runs, ice jams, and fast-rising water levels. It not only poses great flood threats to riverside communities, but also has great implications to environment and river ecosystems. Our current ability to model the onset of mechanical breakup is limited. Existing river ice models either require the user to manually specify the breakup times and locations or they employ empirical criteria to simulate ice cover breakup. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of existing empirical and semi-empirical/physics-based breakup criteria using the University of Alberta's River1D model. Each criterion was evaluated according to its ability to capture the breaking front propagation observed on the Athabasca River and Peace River during three breakup seasons, as well as the transferability of the calibrated parameter(s). The storage release from broken ice cover has been postulated to lead to the formation of a non-attenuating, i.e. self-sustaining wave, which in turn maintains fast ice cover breaking over very long distance. This study shows that the characteristics of self-sustaining wave under natural river conditions are greatly affected by the varying resistance to ice breaking along a river, which is different than previous findings based on numerical studies in prismatic channels.