Fasciola Research Articles

In vivo phytotherapy of snail by plant derived active components in control of fascioliasis

Fascioliasis is worldwide zoonotic disease, which caused great economic loss to human being. In vivo killing of Fasciola larva (redia and cercaria) is one of the effective methods to control of fascioliasis. In vivo toxicity of different binary combinations (1:1ratio) of plant derived active components such as citral, ferulic acid, umbelliferone; azadirachtin and allicin were tested against Fasciola larva (redia and cercaria) in snail Lymnaea acuminata . Mortality of larvae were observed at 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h of treatment. In vivo exposure of azadirachtin + allicin (1:1 ratio) was highly toxic against redia and cercaria (8h LC 50 0.007and 0.006 mg/L). Combinations of citral + umbelliferone, cirtal + ferulic acid were less toxicity against redia and cercaria larva than azadirachtin + allicin. In vivo use of these larvicidal active components in the binary combinations at sublethal does will be more helpful in controlling the redia/cercaria than their individual components.

Prevalence and economic importance of liver parasites: Hydatid Cyst, Fasciola species and Cysticercus tenuicolis in sheep and goats slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise in Ethiopia

This research was designed to determine the prevalence of Cysticercus tenuicollis,Fasciola and Hydatid cyst and to estimate the magnitude of the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned liver of sheep and goats slaughtered in the abattoir. Ante-mortem examination was done to determine the origin and age of animals slaughtered. Post-mortem inspection was conducted on a total of 1152 animals comprising 576 sheep and 576 goats and (288/1152) 25% livers were condemned due to parasitic induced gross lesions. From 176 (30.6%) positive sheep, 45 (7.81%) were infected by C.tenuicollis, 108 (18.75%) by Fasciola and 23 (3.99%) by Hydatid cyst. Similarly from 112 positive goats, 91 (15.8%), 13 (2.26%) and 8 (1.39%) C. tenuicollis, Fasciola and Hydatid cyst were recorded. Fasciola was leading cause of liver condemnation in sheep and C. tenuicollis in goats. Hydatid cyst was responsible for lowest condemnation rate. A statistically significant difference was observed between species and origin of small ruminants for Fasciola, C. tenuicollis and Hydatid cyst with P < 0.05. The abattoir’s financial losses due to condemnation of liver by parasitic induced gross lesions accounts approximately 157,684 ETB annually. Key words: Prevalence, liver, Fasciola, Hydatid cyst, C. tenuicollis, sheep, goats, Addis Ababa.

Seasonal and monthly prevalence pattern of fasciolosis in buffaloes and its relation to some climatic factors in northeastern areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Summary A study was conducted in the northeastern areas of Punjab province (Pakistan) to analyse the monthly and seasonal pattern of fasciolosis in buffaloes and its relation to some climatic factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall and pan-evaporation) was also worked out. The faecal samples of buffaloes were collected from April 2003 to March 2005 on a monthly basis from randomly selected areas and analysed for the presence of Fasciola egg. From 7200 samples, 1058 (14.69%) were found positive. Seasonal data showed the highest prevalence and egg count (EPG) in autumn and the lowest in spring. Monthly results showed the highest prevalence in September (32.33%) and the lowest in May (4.83%), while mean EPG was highest in October (567 ± 95.5) and the lowest in June (3.2 ± 0.48). Statistically, significant difference (P<0.05) was noted within seasonal and monthly prevalences. Impact of humidity was found significant (P<0.05) on disease as compared to other climatic factors.

Prevalence of Liver Termatods and Hydatid Cyst in Livestock, Jiroft, Iran, 2001

Background: Hydatosis is one of the most and common parasitic disease and fasciola hepatica and gigantica has been considered as the most common of infection in herbivorous hepatobiliary system. The parasites not only cause to damage in animal husbandry industry but also can cause one of the parasitic diseases, which are common between human and livestock. This research was a cross-sectional study that was performed in all slaughtered livestock in order to determine the rate of infection to hydatid cyst and hepatic termatods in Jiroft , Iran, 2001. Methods: The liver of 358 goats, 316 calves, and 269 sheep were carefully examined to observe fasciola and the other organ for hydatid cyst. For analyzing the data, chi square test was performed using SPSS software. Results: The findings showed that prevalence of infection to the hydatid cyst was 8.5% in calves, 5.1 % in sheep and 7.8% in goats. The prevalence of fasciola hepatica was 0.9% in calves, 3.7% in sheep and 3 % in goats. Also, the prevalence of fasciola gigantic was 0.9% in calves, 1.6% in sheep and 2.8% in goats. The economical damages due to infected slaughtered livestock were 10,870,000 Rls. Conclusion: Because of the high prevalence of these parasites in slaughtered livestock in Jiroft, it is important to control them for prevention of economically and hygienically damages.

Lethal effect of high temperatures on the eggs of Fasciola hepatica

39.9%, respectively, and these values in the group incubated at 45°C were 46%, 42.5% and 33.7%, as well. However, in the case of incubation at 50°C for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h, these values were recorded as 1.96%, 0.57%, 0.07%, 0.00% and 0.00%, respectively. The results indicated that the eggs were susceptible to high temperatures and incubation of the eggs at 50°C for 4 h was enough to significantly inactivate the eggs and prevent miracidial formation (P<0.001). However, using the livestock faeces as fertilizer in many rural areas may lead to the contamination of pasture. According to the findings of this study, in the areas with a high prevalence rate of Fasciola hepatica, manure storage for a sufficient time or heating the livestock manure before use as fertilizer is strongly recommended.

Surface topography and tegumental morphology of adult digenetic trematode of Indian strain of Fasciola gigantica Cobbold

Fasciolosis disease is caused by the most common species Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica . Surface topography and some of the important features of morphology of the Indian F. gigantica has not yet been described and therefore, the present study was elucidated about the important structural surface topography features of the F. gigantica . Adult flukes of F. gigantica are flattened and leaf-like in shape and measures approximately 5-6 cm in length, with narrowed anterior and posterior ends and are the presence of uneven surface with alternating surface folds armed with spines. At the anterior end the oral sucker occurs at its tip while the ventral sucker is present at the oral cone-main body junction, they are used to grip the lining of the bile duct of the liver of Bubalus bubalis and to assist in the movements of the fluke and the spines are absent around the suckers. The common genital opening for the male and female reproductive systems genital pore which is present just anterior to the ventral sucker. The posterior tip of the body has a prominent excretory pore first time reported with very few spines are present at the posterior end of the body and hence appear smooth.

Fasciola gigantica : Eggshell solubility and permeability properties

The cross-linkages contained within the proteinaceous opercular cement seal holding the egg operculum of Fasciola gigantica solubilised in 0.1N saturated NaOH, concentrated HCl, H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 , whereas the quinone tanned eggshell solubilised only in concentrated HNO 3 and NaOCl. In TCA, H 3 BO 3 and CH 3 COOH, the cross linkages of proteinaceous opercular cement and the quinone tanned eggshell remained unaffected. This study has shown that the cross linkages of the opercular cement, the operculum and the quinone-tanned eggshell differ in their permeability and solubility properties.

Determination of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica using SDS-PAGE

Summary Human fascioliasis due to unknown species and animal fascioliasis caused by both or one of Fasciola spp. are commonly seen in Iran. To compare electrophoretic patterns of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of F. hepatica and F. gigantica by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the adult flukes were collected from infected slaughtered bovine livers. E/S and somatic antigens were prepared by incubation and homogenizing of adult flukes, respectively. The antigens were electrophoresed using SDS-PAGE. Following SDS-PAGE, E/S proteins of F. hepatica and F. gigantica were characterized by the presence of 6 common major peptide bands with molecular weights of 15, 16, 20, 24, 33 and 42 kDa. Differences between F. hepatica and F. gigantica somatic proteins were noticed. F. gigantica had 11 major protein bands with molecular weights of 18, 22, 24, 33, 36, 42, 46, 57, 60, 62 and 68 kDa, whereas F. hepatica had proteins characterized by 8 distinct bands with molecular weights of 18, 22, 24, 33, 36, 42, 46 and 62 kDa.

The proportion of liver excised in Algerian abattoirs is not a good indicator of Fasciola hepatica infections in local cattle breeds.

Clinical and serological investigations on 175 cattle were carried out in 1999 at the slaughterhouse of Jijel, northeastern Algeria, to verify if partial ablation of a liver infected with Fasciola hepatica represents a good epidemiological indicator in the case of fasciolosis, as partial excision of the liver is widespread throughout North African countries. This study was also performed to determine if there is a direct relationship between the quantity of liver confiscated for fasciolosis and the serological response of slaughtered animals. A significant relationship between highly infected livers and positive serological titres was noted. However, two groups of results were conflicting: the presence of macroscopically healthy, undamaged livers with a positive serology (8.3% of 120 cattle), or the existence of highly damaged livers with a negative serology (13.0% of 31 cattle). These results indicate that partial removal of the liver in the case of fasciolosis is unreliable, so this method does not represent a good tool to establish epidemiological data on this disease.

FASCIOLASIS HEPATICA: REPORTE DE UN CASO Y REVISION DE LA LITERATURA

La fasciolasis humana es una zoonosis causada por la Fasciola hepatica, trematodo que en su vida adulta afecta principalmente el ganado ovino y bovino, siendo el hombre huesped accidental. La dificultad en el diagnostico clinico, dada su variada sintomatologia, muchas veces requerira del apoyo imagenologico, por lo que el radiologo debe estar preparado y conocer la epidemiologia de este patogeno, especialmente en aquellas zonas endemicas (Latinoamerica, zonas de Asia y el Norte de Africa). Es importante considerarla dentro del diagnostico diferencial de lesiones focales hepaticas, especialmente en el contexto clinico de eosinofilia

Moluscos continentales de México: Dulceacuícolas

There are 16 freshwater mollusc families reported from Mexico, but besides a few studies of habitat and distribution, only Pomacea flagellata, Pomacea patula catemacensis and Helisoma trivolvis has been studied in some detail, mainly regarding reproduction. In Mexico, the parasite Fasciola hepatica is transmitted by Lymnaea obrussa, L. humilis and L. cubense ). Larval trematodes have been found in Planorbidae, Physidae, Lymnaeidae, Ancylidae and Pisidiidae. Diet and growth have been studied for Lymnaea bulimoides, L. cubensis and L. humilis . Piquerol A extracted from Piqueria trinervia acts as molluscicide. There are reports about freshwater molluscs as pollution bioindicators and as source of food, foreing currency and lime. Mexican freshwater molluscs are an endangered resource.

Diagnostic importance of serological methods and eosinophilia in tissue parasites.

This case-control study was carried out to investigate whether eosinophilia is a common finding in parasitic diseases and to determine the prevalence of the parasitic diseases in definitive groups. Toxocariasis and fasciolosis were investigated in patients with eosinophilia, patients with non-eosinophilia, and healthy controls. All cases were analyzed for antibodies against Toxocara canis and Fasciola hepatica by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing, as antigen, excretory/secretory products of Toxocara and Fasciola (ES-ELISA). Seropositivity was determined in 39 (29.1%) and 12 (8.9%) toxocariasis and fasciolosis patients with eosinophilia respectively. The seropositivity was found in 26 (19.4%) and 5 (3.7%) toxocariasis and fasciolosis patients without eosinophilia respectively. The seropositivity was found in 13 (15.5%) and 1 (1.2%) toxocariasis and fasciolosis patients in the control group. The total seropositivity in both toxocariasis and fasciolosis in the eosinophilic group (8.5%) increased significantly compared to patients without eosinophilia (23.1%) and healthy controls (6.6%) (chi2:6.343, p < 0.05 and chi2:10.293, p < 0.01). Eosinophilia correlated with antibodies against Toxocara and E. hepatica. The results suggest that serological methods can be used for diagnosis of parasitic infections in tissue. Thus, the actual prevalence of tissue parasites can be revealed particularly in developing and emerging countries.

A study of a restricted programme of strategic dosing against Fasciola hepatica with triclabendazole.

A restricted programme of strategic dosing with triclabendazole was used to treat a sheep flock with severe clinical fascioliasis. After five years the percentage of ewes passing fluke eggs was reduced from 49 per cent to less than 1 per cent, without the reappearance of clinical fascioliasis. It is suggested that this programme offers an efficient and practical means of controlling fascioliasis.

Causes of mortality in impala (Aepyceros melampus) on 20 game farms in Zimbabwe.

The most common cause of death in impala (Aepyceros melampus) herds on 20 game farms in Zimbabwe was stress or physical injury during capture. Acute fascioliasis due to Fasciola gigantica was identified as the main disease problem associated with smaller game farms and where impala had been recently introduced. Losses associated with ticks and tick-borne diseases were rare. Impala in Zimbabwe are maintained in a healthy condition on game farms where they are given supplementary feed during the dry winter.

First record of the gobiid fishEviota fasciola from Japan

First record of the gobiid fishEviota fasciola from Japan

Liver fluke in Great Britain: a survey of affected livers.

Over a period of 15 months data were collected from abattoirs in Great Britain on 213,082 cattle and 362,838 sheep livers to determine the distribution and prevalence of damage by Fasciola hepatica. The stock came from 8239 farms, and from livestock markets in 81 counties. 53 per cent of the farms had sent affected stock, with significant percentages in eastern as well as the western counties of England and Scotland. 21 per cent of all cattle and 7 per cent of all sheep livers examined were affected. In both species, the percentage of adult stock affected was more than double that of young stock. The condemnation rate in cattle was relatively constant throughout the year. The effects of infestation are more widely distributed than has been generally recognised. Greater emphasis should be placed on the control of chronic fascioliasis in cattle.

Chemotherapy of fascioliasis. I. Derivatives of di-(p-aminophenyl) methane and p-aminophenol.

AbstractDi‐(p‐aminophenyl)methane and certain p‐aminophenyl ethos, known to possess activity against the trematodes Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica, have been converted into various derivatives in an attempt to enhance their effect on F. hepatica. Other compounds studied include 4‐amino‐7‐chloro‐quinolines and 6‐aminobenz‐l,3‐dioxans.

Studies on the action of some enzymes on the cyst wall of isolated metacerkariae from the liver fluke,Fasciola hepatica L

Die Wirkung von protein-, kohlenhydrat-und lipidspaltenden Enzymen auf die Wand von isolierten Metazerkarien ausFasciola hepatica scheint zu zeigen, dass wenigstens Teile der ausseren Schicht aus ziemlich resistentem Protein, das moglicherweise aromatische, basische Aminosauren, Leucin und Glycin enthalt, bestehen. Das Vorkommen von sauren Kohlenhydraten, insbesondere von Hyaluronsaure oder Chondroitinschwefelsaure A oder C in den inneren Schichten ist wahrscheinlich.

Effects of Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) and Adenosine 3‘,5‘-Phosphate on Phosphofructokinase from the Liver Fluke Fasciola hepatica

Effects of Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) and Adenosine 3‘,5‘-Phosphate on Phosphofructokinase from the Liver Fluke Fasciola hepatica