Farms In Poland Research Articles

Application of new generation phytobiotic adiCoxSOL® PF for coccidiosis prophylactics in poultry broilers

The new WHO recommendations aim to help preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics that are important for human medicine by reducing their unnecessary use in animals. In some countries, approximately 80% of total consumption of medically important antibiotics is in the animal sector, largely for growth promotion in healthy animals .Over-use and misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. After the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the EU many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace AGPs. Phytobiotics are well known for their pharmacological effects and their wide application in human medicine and are one of the most promising alternatives due to their high content of pharmacologically active compounds. Herbs develop their initial activity in the feed as flavour and, therefore, influence eating patterns, the secretion of digestive fluids and total feed intake. Stimulation of digestive secretions, including saliva, digestive enzymes, bile and mucus is often considered to be one of the important actions of phytobiotics. Last, due to herbs content develop their initial activity in the feed as flavour and influence eating patterns of poultry and swine due to the secretion of digestive fluids and total feed intake. Stimulation of digestive secretions, including saliva, digestive enzymes, bile and mucus is often considered to be one of the important actions of phytobiotics. Experiments with various products conducted with broilers show a clear tendency for improved performance and health status. Significant part of poultry farms in Poland, which are exporters of their products to EU and Asia are more and more often using phytobiotics particularly AdiCox Sol PF® for the prophylactic of subclinical coccidiosis and as a natural growth promoter in broilers. AdiCox PF® contains specially prepared Cinapis alba L., Piper nigrum L., Acorus calamus L., Saponaria officinalis L. Generally have positive effect on villi, nutrient absorption and digestal viscosity. Application of adiCoxSOL® PF solution at 22–25 days of age in broilers in dose of 1 liter per1000 liters of water for 3 days via drinking water. As a result mortality and other typical for coccidiosis clinical signs significantly decreased. Supplementation of AdiCox Sol PF® improved performance due to its positive influence on intestinal microflora and anticoccidial efficacy in broiler chicken.

Sugar beet response to different K, Na and Mg ratios in applied fertilizers

Potassium (K) in sugar beet can be partly replaced by magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na). This hypothesis was verified based on 12 field experiments conducted on four farms in Poland during the seasons 2010–2012. The effect of different K, Na and Mg ratios in fertilizers applied in the total rate of 3205 mol/ha on beet yield (BY), storage root quality and white sugar yield (WSY) was determined. The tested K:Mg:Na cation ratios were as follows: 1:0:0; 1:0.11:0.09; 1:0.16:0.54 and 1:0.33:2.19. BY and WSY were affected by the total rate of the applied cations. The optimum ratio of K:Mg:Na was different with respect to the site and the growing season. The K rate reduction from 125 to 24 kg/ha combined with the simultaneous increase in the rate of Mg and Na did not result in lower BY. However, a too narrow K:Na ratio in applied fertilizers resulted in a decrease of sucrose content in storage roots. The fertilization cost for sugar beet production could be reduced through the application of fertilizers that contain fixed amounts of Na on soils rich in available K.

Zmiany dochodów indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych z dzierżawy ziemi użytkowanej rolniczo w Polsce w latach 2005-2016

W ostatnich latach w Polsce rosną ceny ziemi rolniczej, a maleje jej podaż na rynku prywatnym. Sprzyja to rozwojowi zjawiska dzierżawy, która w wielu krajach europejskich jest podstawą prowadzenia działalności rolniczej. Celem opracowania jest charakterystyka dochodów otrzymywanych przez gospodarstwa indywidualne w Polsce z dzierżawy ziemi użytkowanej rolniczo i zmian dochodów w latach 2005-2016. Podstawę analiz stanowiły jednostkowe dane empiryczne, dane z badań sondażowych przeprowadzanych corocznie przez GUS, a ich uzupełnieniem były dane IERiGŻ-PIB, ANR (obecnie KOWR) i opracowania wtórne GUS. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że dochody z dzierżaw prywatnych uległy podwojeniu w latach 2005-2016 i stanowiły ważny składnik dochodów korzystających z nich rodzin, ale z deklaracji badanych wynika, że miały one niewielką skalę (przeciętnie 0,3% gospodarstw indywidualnych). Grunty rolne były wydzierżawiane przez małe gospodarstwa, których głównym źródłem utrzymania była praca najemna, czasem za granicą, a kierownicy byli starsi niż przeciętnie. Często sytuacja rodzinna była nieuregulowana (np. starszy rodzic z dorosłym, ale jeszcze samotnym dzieckiem, które jeszcze ostatecznie nie zdecydowało o swej przeszłości), a okresowe wydzierżawienie gruntów pozwalało na podjęcie decyzji o ewentualnej sprzedaży gospodarstwa w późniejszym czasie.

THE OUTLINE OF A CONCEPT OF FA RM'S CLOSURE COSTS

The number of farms in Poland at different stages of closure ranged from 40,000 to 400,000 in 2016, depending on definitions and methods of estimates that have been adopted. The paper’s main purpose was to present the concept of private costs related to closing a farm which can be an important factor impeding structural changes affecting Polish agriculture. The costs of winding up a business such as a farm include expenses related to closing its production, preparing and effecting the transfer of land and capital to other entities as well as other economic costs (lost economic rents). To-date no studies presenting amounts of the related costs have been developed.

Former political borders and their impact on the evolution of the present-day spatial structure of agriculture in Poland

The paper deals with the results of an analysis of the spatial structure of agriculture in Poland which was aimed at assessing the impact of the historical factor. The territory of present-day Poland includes the political borders of the 19th and 20th centuries which divided the area into two parts: western (Kingdom of Prussia and the land belonging to Poland and Germany in the interwar period) and eastern (the land of the Russian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire which later belonged to Poland in the interwar period). The historical factor and its impact were examined also in the comparative analysis of two adjoining stretches of land accepted as territorial units (East Poland and West Poland). We showed that historical borders constitute an important element affecting the evolution of the spatial structure of Polish agriculture. The impact of the historical factor was shown to be the strongest for the differences in the features associated with agrarian structure, rural socio-demography, and productivity and profitability of agricultural holdings.

Efficiency of Polish organic and conventional farms

The main objective of this study is to compare the efficiencies of organic and conventional farms in Poland. As shown by the conducted analysis, acting in compliance with the essential production principles, organic farms practiced extensive farming which resulted in reduced efficiency of productive inputs. The efficiency of land and labour measured by the Adjusted Net Value Added was respectively nearly 30 and 65 per cent higher in conventional holdings. Moreover, subsidies contribute more to the income of organic farms, making them strongly dependent on external support (this is especially true for farms with grazing livestock). As a part of policy planning, it should be taken into consideration that organic farms may in the future encounter a development barrier stemming from lower efficiency, difficult access to subsidies and, finally, lower levels of income.

Efficiency of Polish organic and conventional farms

The main objective of this study is to compare the efficiencies of organic and conventional farms in Poland. As shown by the conducted analysis, acting in compliance with the essential production principles, organic farms practiced extensive farming which resulted in reduced efficiency of productive inputs. The efficiency of land and labour measured by the Adjusted Net Value Added was respectively nearly 30 and 65 per cent higher in conventional holdings. Moreover, subsidies contribute more to the income of organic farms, making them strongly dependent on external support (this is especially true for farms with grazing livestock). As a part of policy planning, it should be taken into consideration that organic farms may in the future encounter a development barrier stemming from lower efficiency, difficult access to subsidies and, finally, lower levels of income.

Status and Development Trends of Agritourism in Poland and the Ukraine

Purpose. The aim of the article is to present the state and prospects of development of rural tourism in Poland and the Ukraine. Method. The analysis included data taken from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Central Statistical Office, the Institute of Tourism as well as domestic and foreign literature. Findings. In 1993, there were around one thousand agritourism farms in Poland, while in 2012, their number increased to 7.6 thousand which represents 0.5% of the total number of agritourism farms in Poland. Country dwellers are increasingly interested in economic activities within the range of rural tourism and propose offers suiting the diverse needs of tourists. At the same time, tourists are deeply interested in spending their free time in the countryside. Research limitations and conclusions. As research studies of many authors show, tourists value the charms of the countryside, i.e. peace, tranquillity and possibilities to make social relationships. However, they expect high-quality services and infrastructure as well as a rich offer of free time animation. Ukraine has great potential for multifunctional rural development and the development of agritourism. Practical implications. Presentation of the most important directions of development regarding rural tourism in Poland and the Ukraine. Originality. The article presents status and developmental trends of agritourism in Poland and the Ukraine. Type of paper. Research article.

Rozwój sektora rolnego w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej

The role and importance of the agricultural sector is changing in the process of socio-economic development. Despite the ongoing changes, agriculture in Poland is still an important sector of the economy, and Poland is a major producer of food. The article attempts to assess the development of the agricultural sector in Poland, by voivodships and in comparison with European Union countries, using economic indicators. An analysis of the dynamics of changes in the level of employment and gross value added in terms of three sectors was carried out. Application to the synthetic measure of development made it possible to assess individual voivodships and EU countries from the point of view of the development of the agricultural sector. The research has shown that in recent years the role of the agricultural sector in Poland and European Union countries has decreased. In addition, there was a large variation in the development of agriculture in the system of provinces and in the countries of the European Union.

Rozwój sektora rolnego w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej

Rola i znaczenie sektora rolnego ulega zmianom w procesie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Pomimo zachodzących zmian rolnictwo w Polsce nadal jest ważnym sektorem gospodarki, a Polska jest znaczącym producentem żywności. W artykule podjęto próbę oceny rozwoju sektora rolnego w Polsce według województw oraz w krajach Unii Europejskiej wykorzystując wskaźniki ekonomiczne. Przeprowadzono analizę dynamiki zmian w poziomie zatrudnienia i wartości dodanej brutto w ujęciu trzech sektorów. Zastosowanie do badania syntetycznej miary rozwoju umożliwiło dokonanie oceny poszczególnych województw oraz krajów Unii Europejskiej z punktu widzenia rozwoju sektora rolnego. Badanie wykazało, że w ostatnich latach rola sektora rolnego w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej uległa zmniejszeniu. Poza tym zaobserwowano duże zróżnicowanie w rozwoju rolnictwa w układzie województw oraz w krajach Unii Europejskiej.

Ocena ryzyka eksploatacji morskich elektrowni wiatrowych w Polsce dla potrzeb ich ubezpieczenia od wybranych zdarzeń losowych

Starting in the late 20 th century, we are seeing increased interest in obtaining energy from renewable sources. One of those sources is wind energy and its use. Increased interest in offshore wind farms in Poland is caused by the introduction of numerous restrictions on the construction of terrestrial power plants. The purpose of this article is to assess the operational risk of offshore wind farms from the point of view of their ability to be covered by insurance. The article discusses the principles of their functioning, the accompanying natural hazards as well as the general conditions of their coverage by indicating the subject of insurance, the scope of insurance and the sum insured. General conditions of operation of offshore wind farms were discussed.

Zmiany dochodów drobnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce

Zmiany dochodów drobnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce

Gospodarstwa opiekuńcze jako forma pozyskiwania dochodów przez małe gospodarstwa rolne w Polsce

Gospodarstwa opiekuńcze jako forma pozyskiwania dochodów przez małe gospodarstwa rolne w Polsce

Seasonality in the reproductive activity of male chinchillas on a breeding farm in the climatic conditions of southern Poland

Farmed chinchillas continue to have very low fertility and prolificacy, although the reproductive potential of females is much higher and can be exploited. An increasing number of studies deal with the specific nature of reproduction in this species, with particular focus on female fertility. However, there is a lack of analyses and studies of males. Therefore, this study has attempted to determine the impact of the season of the year on the reproductive activity of male chinchillas and on the results of their use for breeding in the period from January 1991 to December 1996. The analysis was conducted on farmed animals on one of the largest farms in Poland. The farm was established in 1991 with an initial foundation stock of about 150 females and 25 males. Breeding was based on animals imported from a reputable farm in Germany, from which modern breeding technologies were adopted as well. Polygamous breeding with 6 females per male is used. Sexual activity was varied between years. Taking into account the entire foundation stock, an average of 8.15 litters and 14.77 pups were obtained per male per year. Analysis of five selected males revealed higher values: the mean number of litters ranged from 7.13 to 11.8 and the litter size ranged from 1.9 to 2.59. Thus, better utilization of males for breeding is possible on chinchilla farms. The system of keeping a male with many females at the same time enables strict selection of males.

Agriculture in Poland and Ukraine – Potential and Dynamics of Changes in Production

The article attempts to compare the importance of agriculture and the dynamics of its development in Ukraine and Poland. The most important constraints on the development of Ukrainian agriculture were identified, including the unregulated land market, lack of coherent support programs for agriculture and rural areas, poorly developed infrastructure of the agricultural environment and lack of capital for development. It was found that agriculture in Ukraine is characterized by a high growth rate of productivity and production. The observed output gap in relation to agriculture in Poland is about 10 years. The agricultural sector in Ukraine has about 10% share in generating GDP and as much as 40% share in exports. Such high importance can be maintained even in the conditions of economic development, as there are large reserves in the development of agribusiness. The most important development factors include the introduction of a coherent program for the development of the agribusiness sector, including production of goods with high added value and increasing the availability of capital for the development of agriculture. A great opportunity is the development of trade in the conditions of affiliation with the EU.

The “Gryfice Scandal” In Poznań — Dealing with Abuses Committed in the Process of Establishing Cooperative Farms in the Poznań Region

Abstract Several years after the war, a revolution started in the Polish agriculture - even though until 1948, the authorities claimed that farms in Poland would not be collectivized. The new stage meant that things accelerated quickly. Central party authorities determined the number of cooperatives to be established per year in a top-down manner. The Poznań region was considered particularly opposed to the system, hence the pressure to establish cooperative farms was particularly intense. The quick pace of the operation and accountability of the party officials for its results meant that they often resorted to prohibited methods of forcing resistant individuals to enter into cooperatives. Though party guidelines emphasized that the process was voluntary, and formally banned any form of pressure, various forms of power abuse were tolerated in practice. Only when the situation rapidly escalated into scandals, the authorities stigmatized the illegal methods. However, after a while, the situation returned to normal, and the anomalies reoccurred. The problem was that the principles of the operation were flawed. One of the party activists claimed that establishing cooperatives according to the guidelines would have taken 200 years to complete. Farmers had to be coerced, otherwise they would never have joined cooperatives. Most cooperative farms established this way collapsed in 1956.

Rolnictwo ekologiczne w Polsce i perspektywy jego rozwoju w kontekście PROW 2014–2020

Celem opracowania było określenie pozycji polskiego rolnictwa ekologicznego na tle rolnictwa ekologicznego w Unii Europejskiej (UE), regionalnego rozmieszczenia producentów ekologicznych w Polsce, a także rozpoznanie zakresu wsparcia finansowego w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich w latach 2014–2020. W artykule wykorzystano dane wtórne i zastosowano metodę analizy porównawczej. Pod względem liczby gospodarstw ekologicznych Polska w 2015 r. zajęła szóstą pozycję w UE. Z analizy wynika, że najwięcej wniosków o dofinansowanie produkcji ekologicznej w ramach działania „Rolnictwo ekologiczne” zostało zrealizowanych w województwach z największą liczbą gospodarstw ekologicznych w Polsce, a więc zachodniopomorskim, warmińsko-mazurskim i podlaskim.

The Lease and Sale of Agricultural Real Estate in Poland — Legal and Economic Aspects

Abstract Ownership and lease of agricultural real estate are the basic legal titles to run and organize agricultural farms in Poland. For some years now, the practical significance of lease in rural relations has been growing, which is primarily connected with the activities of the Agricultural Property Agency. Currently, lease is the basic form of management of agricultural lands of the State Treasury. The aim of the paper was to present the basic principles concerning the acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate in Poland and to assess whether the legal regulations favour the formation and expansion of agricultural farms in this country, especially family ones. It should be noted that according to the Article 23 of the Polish Constitution, the basis of the agricultural system is the family farm. The family farm, in turn, is run by an individual farmer. The paper covers also the issue of acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate by foreigners.

EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN POLAND IN 2012-2015 DEPENDING ON THEIR ECONOMIC SIZE

The article assesses the level of effectiveness of farms in Poland depending on the economic size. The analysis included agricultural farms participating in the Polish FADN. The study period covered the years 2012-2015. It was found that with the increase in economic size of farms increased productivity of land, labor and capital and labor productivity. In the case of land profitability, return on assets and return on equity growing trend appeared to economic size SO 500 thousand euros, while the above indicators were analyzed on a much lower level. In addition, during the period considered, there was a decrease in the efficiency of agricultural farms in Poland, which is unfavorable.

COMPATIBILITY OF ALLOCATION OF CAP STRUCTURAL FUNDS WITH REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND

The objective of the research was to examine whether the current distribution Common Agricultural Policy structural funds (second pillar of CAP) between different objectives in particular macroregions corresponds to the regional differentiation of rural areas and agriculture in Poland. Policy objectives were identified according to RDP 2014-2020 priorities. Six macroregions have been adopted at regional level NUTS-1. In order to determine whether the directions of distribution correspond to regional variation, the linear correlation coefficient was calculated. The coefficient describes the correlation between synthetic variables describing the level of rural and agricultural development in macroregions of Poland and regional allocations of funds for rural development and agriculture in Poland in the years 2004-2013 according to the RDP 2014-2020 priorities. The results show the presence of moderate linear dependence or lack of it between the variables tested. This means that the previous division of CAP structural funds only partially took into account the regional differentiation of rural and agricultural areas.