Aim: To compare adult farm and town residents on barriers and enablers of leisure-time physical activity in the Riverland region of South Australia. Methods: A questionnaire assessing hypothesised predictors of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), based on Social Ecological Theory, was telephoneadministered in 2010 to 290 randomly selected 18—65 year olds (170 women) in the South Australian Riverland. The response rate was 42% and participation rate was 62%. Responses from farm residents (n = 50) and town residents (n = 240) were compared using Chi Square analysis. Results: For psychological variables, farm women reported lower enjoyment of LTPA than their counterparts in towns (p = 0.02), while farm men were more likely than town men to report laziness as a barrier to LTPA (p = 0.01). For social variables, there were no differences between town and farm residents in family encouragement or availability of other people with whom to be active. Of environmental variables, town women were more likely to report insufficient time than farm women (p = 0.01), while farm men were more likely than town men to report community commitments as a barrier (p = 0.005). There were no differences in relation to attractiveness and safety of the neighbourhood, costs, travel time or availability of facilities as barriers to LTPA. Conclusions: In this sample of adults in one rural region, reported barriers and enablers of LTPA were largely similar among residents of towns and farms. However, physical activity promotion efforts in rural settings should take into account differences in physical activity attitudes and time ‘budgets’ between town and rural residents. Conflict of interest: None.