Behavior Of Farmers Research Articles

Demographic Influences on the Adoption of Herbicides in Indian Agriculture: A Study of Soybean and Sunflower Farmers

The study has conducted to identify the factors influencing the adoption of new molecules as an input for sustainable and viable agriculture. The adoption of herbicides reduces the drudgery in terms of manpower utilized in manual hoeing to reduce the weed infestation. The inequality in adoption behavior of farmers variably dependent on personnel as well as social factors however fast adoption is get momentum by seeing by doing or demonstrations conducted by manufactures. The study was statistically analysed using chi-square test. The sample size was 459 in eight districts of five states of India. The study has shown that a farmer's adoption behavior is significantly influenced by their age, level of education, and amount of land they own, but gender has no discernible effect. Also, here emphasize the advancements in adoption of herbicides for an alternate approaches in management of resources which are particularly valuable to agroecology, policymakers, and stakeholders.

Post Farmer-herder Conflict Management and Relief Strategies of Farmers in Nigeria

Purpose: This study shed light on the self-relief strategy employed by farmers after their experience in farmer-herder conflict.Research Method: The survey was carried out among 150 farm households headed in four farming communities. Frequency and logistic regression statistics were employed to analyze data.Findings: Findings showed that farmer-herder conflict resulted in the destruction of farm crops and insufficient food for household consumption among affected rural households. Affected rural households decided to adopt coping strategies that reduce their vulnerability by tightening farm security, preventing future huge farm loss by sowing less, and completely avoiding of risk of conflict effects with no intention to continue crop farming by borrowing money and shifting to off-farm jobs. Education/literacy of the people and causes of conflict were found to be the behavioral control factors of the farmers.Practical Implication: The study provided recommendations for rural development advisors and policymakers to inform post-conflict management and relief strategies for effective coping and adaptation responses to farmer-herders conflict victims in Africa and other developing countries experiencing similar nature of conflict.Originality/ Value: The study is novel for reporting, for the first time, the post-farmer-herder conflict behavior of farmers in Nigeria

Effect of pig breeding scale on manure resource utilization-The moderating effect based on technology cognition.

The utilization of manure resources is an important measure to promote the development of agricultural green low-carbon cycle and solve the challenges associated with the current large-scale development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Based on the survey data of pig farmers in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of pig breeding scale and technical cognition on the utilization behavior of livestock and poultry manure resources of pig farmers. The binary Logit model and the moderating effect model are used to deeply explore the scale effect of breeding scale on the utilization behavior of pig farmers' manure resources, and the moderating effect of technical cognition on the influence of breeding scale on the utilization behavior of manure resources. First, at the present stage, pig farmers show certain differences in the resource utilization of manure. Due to the differences in the personal characteristics, family characteristics, and breeding characteristics of pig farmers, the influencing factors of resource utilization of pig farmers of different scales are different; Second, the scale of pig breeding has a significant positive promoting effect on the resource utilization of manure, increasing the probability of pig farmers to treat manure, guiding retail and small-scale farmers to moderately expand the scale of breeding, gradually moving to large-scale breeding, realizing centralized management and resource utilization of manure, and reducing the unit cost of manure treatment. Third, technical ease of use has a positive regulatory effect on pig breeding scale and manure resource utilization behavior. When pig farmers perceive that the technology of manure resource utilization is easy to use, they will increase the probability of participating in the resource utilization of manure, reduce the environmental pollution caused by improper disposal of manure, and promote the low-carbon and circular development of livestock and poultry industry. Based on the above findings, this paper aims to provide practical enlightenment for policy makers and researchers to strengthen the environmental governance and sustainable development of livestock industry.

Farmers buying behaviour towards secondary nutrients fertilizers in southern Tamil Nadu

Secondary nutrient fertilizers (SNFs) play a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity in India. These nutrients are important for improving soil health and crop yields; however, their usage is constrained by several challenges. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the purchasing behaviour of farmers towards SNFs in Tamil Nadu. A sample of 120 farmers from four district in southern Tamil Nadu was selected to assess their purchasing behaviour regarding SNFs. The data was analysed using, factor analysis and the Relative Importance Index (RII). The results indicated that interpersonal influence, product satisfaction and experience, branding and marketing efforts, and financial accessibility were the primary factors driving the purchase of SNFs. Conversely, high costs, limited access to credit, and poor soil solubility were identified as major barriers to their usage. Although farmers were generally aware of SNFs, their understanding of the full range of benefits these fertilizers provide for plant growth and soil health was incomplete. The study emphasized the need for increased awareness programs, affordable pricing strategies, and improved access to credit facilities to encourage the broader adoption of SNFs. Such measures could lead to improved leading to farming practices and higher crop yields in Tamil Nadu.

Motivational drivers and the effectiveness of conservation incentives

The debate about how external incentives (e.g., payments for ecosystem services) and internal motivations (e.g., intrinsic values) interact in producing conservation outcomes is still unresolved. This paper examines the role of personal values (biospheric and egoistic) as intrinsic motivational drivers for conservation and their potential to affect conditional payments to enhance conservation behavior. We used a lab-in-the-field experiment with rural farmers in two ecological corridors of Tanzania to assess their conservation behavior under two payment modalities, namely a fixed individual payment and a fixed individual payment with an agglomeration bonus. In addition, a post-experiment survey was conducted to determine the levels of personal value endorsement for each individual participant. We consistently found that biospheric values increased conservation behavior, while egoistic values decreased it. The positive effect of biospheric values was higher than the negative effect of egoistic values. Both payments do not seem to affect the conservation behavior of farmers with high biospheric value endorsement. Heterogeneity in personal values thus likely has economic implications for the design of real-world PES schemes. Our results suggest that educational investments in training future generations of farmers with strong pro-environmental values can reduce future pressure on the environment and the costs of associated policy action. Areas for further research are discussed.

OPTIMIZING WIND POWER PLANTS: COMPARATIVE ENHANCEMENT IN LOW WIND SPEED ENVIRONMENTS

The study aims to optimize wind farm efficiency in low wind speed regions using the HOMER Pro tool to examine the impact of wind turbine ratings on overall efficiency of wind farms. boosting wind farm efficiency is essential for improving economic viability and grid integration. We propose the establishment of three wind farms, each possessing equal capacities but different in individual turbine capacities 1.5 kW, 3.4 kW and 5.1 kW, then optimize their performance in simulation environment. Through employing HOMER Pro optimization algorithm, we assess all wind farms over the period of one year, taking into account wind speed, temperature and geospatial coordinates. Although all wind farms have equal total capacities, simulation results revealed disparities in their generation abilities, reaching up to 22%, favouring the farm with smaller turbines. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that as wind speed decreases, the disparity in power generation between wind farms increases, reaching 51.9% in November, the month with the lowest wind speeds. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of wind farm behaviour, particularly regarding turbine sizes, and contribute to the research community's efforts to enhance wind farm power production in low wind speed regions. They also help find solutions to enable the embrace of wind energy and decrease fossil fuel consumption in such regions, fulfilling their international sustainability commitments.

Farmer Behavior in the Use of Pesticides on Rice Plants

This study aims to determine the behavior of farmers in the use of pesticides on rice plants in Lingom Village, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar Regency. The sample in this study was 15% of the predetermined population of 30 farmers in Lingom Village, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar Regency who used pesticides on rice plants. Data were collected through observation, interviews and questionnaires. The results of data analysis show that farmers in Lingom Village, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar Regency use pesticides in processing rice plants. The results showed that the behavior of farmers in the use of pesticides was in accordance with existing provisions. The pesticide used is obtained from the store, further mixed with water put in a spray tube. Pesticides that have been filled in tubes, then sprayed on rice plants. Spraying is carried out using personal protective equipment such as aprons, clothing and masks. Furthermore, farmers clean the equipment and clothes that have been used to make them clean and safe. Similarly, equipment and clothing that have been used are cleaned separately from other equipment and clothing. So as not to contaminate other family clothes during spraying, not to consume food and drinks when spraying so as not to be exposed to toxins contained in pesticides, so as not to experience injury.

Assessment of Pesticide Selection and Application Behaviors of Sugar Beet Farmers in Konya Province

This study is undertaken to determine the behaviors of sugar beet farmers regarding pesticide selection and applications in the Çumra, Altınekin, and Seydişehir districts of Konya province, where sugar beet production is concentrated in 2023. A total of 20 sugar beet farmers were randomly selected from each district through a random sampling method, and evaluations were made based on their responses to 16 face-to-face questions. The results were calculated as percentages and presented in tables. The behaviors of farmers regarding pesticide selection and application practices were assessed in two stages. It was found that sugar beet farmers often seek information from pesticide dealers when choosing and determining the dosage of agricultural chemicals, and they mostly obtain pesticides from agricultural chemical dealers. It was noted that they acquire the chemicals when they start growing the crop, do not spray regularly for pests and diseases as a preventive measure, and pay attention to the legality, cost-effectiveness, and effectiveness of the pesticides they purchase. Half of the sugar beet farmers reported conducting at least two pesticide applications during the season, and the majority stated that they perform pesticide applications in the morning and afternoon. Farmers acknowledged the importance of pesticide residues but emphasized that the effectiveness of the pesticide was more crucial. They also reported not adhering to the waiting periods between the last pesticide application and harvest. Regarding pesticide handling, application, and post-application practices, it was observed that farmers partially protected themselves. They tended to spray excess pesticide-contaminated water at the edge of the orchard or on vacant land and disposed of empty pesticide containers haphazardly on the edge of the field.

What Kind of Institutional Configuration Incentivizes Farmers’ Behavior in Ecological Value Co-Creation of Cultivated Land?

Innovating institutional incentives and promoting multiple-subject interaction and cooperation to create ecological value of cultivated land are practical requirements for the sustainable protection of cultivated land and high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas. We performed a survey questionnaire of 862 farmers in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area and used the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to explore the institutional configuration effect of farmers’ behavior in the ecological value co-creation of cultivated land (FBEVCCL). The institutional configuration characteristics of the ecological value co-creation of cultivated land was analyzed, and we propose institutional optimization suggestions for the ecological value co-creation of cultivated land. The research results demonstrated the following: (1) A single institutional element does not constitute a necessary condition for the FBEVCCL, and it is necessary to analyze the institutional configuration effect. (2) Four institutional configurations lead to high-level FBEVCCL. Both formal and informal configurations have important impacts on the FBEVCCL, but the guidance, subsidies, and constraints of formal institutions are often the core driving factors, complemented by the shaping of farmers’ values to jointly enhance the FBEVCCL. The formal institutions of publicity and guidance, rewards and subsidies, and disciplinary constraints can to some extent replace each other. (3) The three institutional configurations lead to low-level FBEVCCL, and the lack of informal and formal institutions for incentives and punishments is the main reason for low-level FBEVCCL. In the future, we should further standardize the reward and punishment mechanism, enhance farmers’ green production skills, and sustainably enhance the behavior of farmers in the ecological value co-creation of cultivated land.

Behavioral Insights into Farmers Adoption of Improved Rapeseed-mustard Cultivation Practices in North Bank Plain Zone of Assam, India

The study examines the adoption behavior of farmers regarding improved rapeseed-mustard cultivation practices in the North Bank Plain Zone of Assam. The primary objective was to analyze the socio-economic factors and adoption levels associated with technological interventions in rapeseed-mustard farming. A purposive simple random sampling method was employed, selecting 240 respondents from four districts. Data were collected using pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed using statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient. Results revealed that 67.50 per cent of farmers demonstrated a medium level of adoption, while 21.67 per cent had a high adoption level. Socio-economic factors such as age, education, landholding, annual income, mass media exposure, and risk-bearing ability significantly influenced adoption behavior. Farmers with higher risk-bearing ability (42.92%) and medium to high achievement motivation (70.83%) adopted practices more effectively. Key barriers included inadequate awareness of advanced techniques and limited resources. The findings suggest that targeted extension services like delivering personalized advice, training, and resources that address the specific challenges faced by farmers in adopting improved practices of this crop, knowledge dissemination, and access to resources can enhance adoption levels. Encouraging risk-taking and achievement motivation through capacity-building programs can further improve the adoption of improved cultivation practices.

What affects farmers' intention and behavior to mitigate the impact of climate change? Evidence from Hebei Province, China

Greenhouse-gas induced global climate change impedes the sustainable development of humanity. Considerable research has focused on the intention of farmers to adapt to climate change, but few articles have explored farmers' intention and behavior to mitigate the impact of climate change. This paper extends protection motivation theory to develop an innovative theoretical framework that describes both farmers' intention and behavior to ameliorate the impact of climate change. Research data from 846 farmers of a major Chinese grain-producing province are empirically analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that farmers' intention to mitigate the impact of climate change is positively impacted by perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, policy incentives, market incentives, and information publicity, while response cost negatively affects their intention. Farmers' mitigation behavior is positively and significantly influenced by market incentives, information publicity, and intention to mitigate the impact of climate change. Additionally, the information publicity lowers the influence of perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, and policy incentives on farmers' mitigation intention, while it reinforces the impact of response costs on farmers' intention. This research helps policymakers to better understand farmers' intention and behavior to mitigate the impact of climate change. Such knowledge, in turn, can help global policymakers, especially those in developing nations, to effectively encourage farmers to adopt practices relevant for mitigating the impact of climate change.

Factors affecting farmers' choice to adopt risk management strategies: The application of multivariate and multinomial probit models

This study investigates the factors that impact farmers' adoption of risk management strategies (RMS) in Pakistan during times of uncertainty. The study examines farmers' RMS adoption choices using both multinomial probit (MNP) and multivariate probit (MVP). Data were collected from 382 sampled farmers from four districts in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan via a multistage sampling technique. This study utilizes the MNP model, considering the assumption of Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) and incorporating correlated error terms. The objective is to understand farmers' behavior in risky situations and determine if there is heterogeneity. Results are compared with the MVP model to assess robustness and gain insights into farmers' decision-making processes.The research findings reveal that our results are robust, and farmers behave homogeneously in different settings of the provision of risk management strategies. Farmers adopt RMS individually or in combination to mitigate the adverse effects of natural calamities on their livelihood. The risk-averse farmers, who perceive weather-related risks as a threat, access credits and information, and have farms close to a river are more likely to adopt RMS, irrespective of the format of the strategies available. Moreover, the predicted probabilities and correlation of the RMS and RM categories further strengthened our model estimation. These findings provide insights into the behavior of farmers in adopting RMS which are helpful for policymakers and stakeholders in developing strategies to mitigate the impacts of natural calamities on farmers.

A study on farmer behaviour influencers of agricultural credit in Raipur district (Chhattisgarh)

A study on farmer behaviour influencers of agricultural credit in Raipur district (Chhattisgarh)

Effectiveness of the role of agricultural extension workers in clove cultivation in Enrekang Regency (Case study in Buntu Barana Village, Curio District, Enrekang Regency)

Extension workers are among the contributors to agricultural activities. They are to provide guidance and knowledge through the latest information or innovation to enhance farming systems, which ultimately increases crop yields. Additionally, extension workers pursue to transform the behavior of farmers, for instance, their ability to adapt to continually changing situations and conditions. This research aims to analyze the role and effectiveness of agricultural extension in clove plantations in Enrekang Regency. The research was carried out in Buntu Barana Village, Curio District, Enrekang Regency, with 100 farmers as respondents. The results revealed that the extension process employing a group approach method attended by farmers and extension workers who provide knowledge regarding clove cultivation, starting from seeding, maintenance and fertilization, pest control, and postharvest, was successful, meeting farmers’ expectations. In this case, the instructor carries out his role well and effectively. The roles of agricultural instructors are facilitators, communicators, and motivators in the clove cultivation in Buntu Barana Village, Curio District, and they have been considered by the farmers effective in carrying out all roles, especially in clove cultivation activities.

Modeling farmer behavior in adopting agroecological practices using AI tools in shea butter agroforestry systems

This study examines the performance of machine learning algorithms for identifying importance features for agroecological practices adoption in shea agroforestry systems. Primary data were collected from 272 representative and randomly selected farmers in two regions of northern Benin. Four machine learning algorithms (Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, Support Vector Machine and Bagging Decision Trees) were compared using four statistical performance metrics: accuracy, balanced accuracy, recall, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), as well as calibration plots. The results indicated that the Naïve Bayes model performed best for predicting animal parking practices, and biopesticide while the Support Vector Machine outperformed other models in predicting cultural associations, improved seeds, and organic fertilizers adoption. Feature importance analysis revealed that the most significant feature influencing the adoption of animal parking and organic fertilizers practices was the farmers' region of origin, with the highest importance value (100%). When considering features with at least 50% importance, main occupation and means of transport for manure were also relevant for the adoption of animal parking practice. The farmers' ethnic group, village, and age class were the most influential characteristics for biopesticides, cultural association, and improved seeds practices, respectively, each with a 100% importance value. For improved seeds practice, farm assets and secondary occupation were also relevant when considering features with at least 50% importance. Therefore, providing comprehensive training on agroecological practices such as animal parking, crop diversification, biopesticide management, organic fertilization, and improved seeds use to farmers in Northern Benin, particularly those managing shea agrosystems, could contribute to the sustainable development of this vital resource and enhance food security.

Business Suitability Analysis and Development Strategy Paddy Rice Fields in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province

The limitations of agriculture and aquaculture areas impact the reduction of food availability and farmers' welfare. To fulfill rice and fish consumption demand can be approached through paddy rice field development. This research aims to analyze the financial suitability of both internal and external factors and arrange the strategy for developing paddy rice fields in Bantul Regency. The data collection method was from the interview and direct observation. The development strategy arrangement is based on the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis and QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix). The paddy rice fields business's resulting net present value is IDR 362.694.656, R/C Ratio= 2.02, and payback period = 5,33 months, which shows the paddy rice fields are worthy and more prospective than a conventional system. The prior internal factors on the paddy rice fields are more profitable; most workers are sharecroppers and require higher capital than the traditional system. The external factors include the stability of the sales price and product market, incentive mentoring from the instructor, the infrastructure assistance policy of paddy rice fields, and the strategic location. The development strategy is strengthening the farmer's behavior from conventional planting rice to paddy rice fields system, increasing the farmer motivation, repairing fence design to minimize pest attack, utilizing mediator as a negotiate media from sharecropper to rice fields owner, developing the paddy rice fields area as ecotourism, and establishing cooperation both with region financial institution and Marine and Fisheries Business Capital Management Institute (LPMUKP) for extensive capital

The impact of epidemic experiences on biosecurity behavior of pig farmers: an analysis based on protection motivation theory

Farm biosecurity is considered an important component of “One Health”. Biosecurity measures are crucial for preventing and controlling outbreaks and spread of diseases on farms. Protection motivation theory (PMT) links perception of risk and coping ability with taking preventive actions. Based on field survey data of pig farmers, this study utilizes OLS and mediating effect model to explore the impact and mechanism of epidemic experiences on farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures. The research findings are as follows: first, epidemic experiences significantly promote farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures. The conclusion remains robust after addressing potential endogeneity issues. Second, epidemic experiences, through accumulated experience, further encourage farmers to implement biosecurity measures. Third, the impact of epidemic experiences on farmers' biosecurity behavior shows heterogeneity in farm size. Compared to small-scale farmers, epidemic experiences have a greater promoting effect on biosecurity behavior of professional farmers. Therefore, emphasizing farmers' epidemic experiences, enhancing biosecurity training, and increasing farmers' awareness are of significant importance in promoting farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures.

Extrinsic Motivation vs. Intrinsic Motivation: Key Factors Influencing Farmers' Land Quality Protection Behavior in China.

The crowding effect of individual behavior motivation is a focal point in various disciplines, such as economics and social psychology. Understanding the motivation crowding effect in the context of pro-environmental behavior of farmers is crucial for formulating agricultural environmental policies. However, there is limited knowledge about the motivation crowding effect on farmers' land quality protection behavior, especially in developing countries. This study employs stratified regression models, propensity score matching models, seemingly unrelated regression models, and simple slope analysis methods to analyze the impact of extrinsic motivations (external incentives such as increasing farming income and production yield) and intrinsic motivations (internal drives such as personal satisfaction and responsibility) on farmers' land quality protection behavior, as well as the motivation crowding effect between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. The analysis is based on survey data from 1064 smallholder farmers in five provinces in China: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Henan, Shaanxi, and Gansu. The results indicate that both extrinsic and intrinsic motivations have a positive impact on farmers' land quality protection behavior. Notably, extrinsic motivation exhibits a crowding-out effect on intrinsic motivation, suggesting a motivation crowding effect. While promoting farmers' land quality protection behavior through economic incentives is a feasible short-term solution, it may not effectively foster the long-term formation of such behaviors. Given the current context of severe land pollution, alleviating this issue through economic incentives represents a short-term policy approach. Thus, transitioning from short-term to long-term solutions by enhancing farmers' intrinsic motivation to promote farmers' land quality protection behavior is essential for the government to consider in future land protection policy formulation.

Exploring the Motives Behind the Adoption of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies among Farmers in the Czech Republic

Climate change threatens agriculture in the EU and is a primary issue discussed in the European Green Deal within the Common Agricultural Policy. Central and Eastern European countries are particularly prone to climate change effects, such as droughts and extreme weather. Therefore, agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe is expected to be increasingly affected by shifting climatic patterns. This study examines the motivation for adopting adaptation strategies derived from climate-smart agriculture among farmers in the Czech Republic. We drew particular attention to analyzing the influence of farm-level and information source variables on the adaptation behavior of Czech farmers. The dataset comprises 358 respondents who were asked about climate change adaptation through a quantitative survey. We analyzed the collected data via descriptive statistics and binary logit regression models. The analysis results reveal a high degree of awareness and a diversified usage of climate change adaptation strategies among the respondents. The close linkage between perceived profitability and the willingness to adapt to climate change requires policymakers to communicate economic benefits within this context further. Information sources, such as topic-specific journals, research institutions, and field training, positively influenced the adaptation rates among the sample. Therefore, we recommend focusing on these media channels to communicate targets set within the European Green Deal.

Value Chain Analysis of Cattle Feed Market in Banaskantha District, India

India has vast resources of livestock and poultry, which play a vital role in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural masses. Livestock sector contributed 4.90 per cent of total GVA in 2020-21. Birthal and Jha [1] has found feed scarcity as the main limiting factor to improving livestock productivity. Therefore, to increase the productivity potential of milch animals the use of commercial compound feed is inevitable as supply of feed & fodder is shortening due to shrinking pasture land in the country. The Indian feed industry is about 57 years old. India is deficient in fodder and its availability is shrinking day by day due to decrease in cultivable area and increased share in food crop production so more thrust should be directed towards compound feeds by identifying the constraints and removing them.This study focused on the effectiveness of the feed industry and the performance of the value chain when mapping the cattle feed value chain in the Banaskantha district of Gujarat state. Total of ten feed manufacturing units and 120 farmers were selected for the study. The study was based on primary data and secondary data, the primary data were collected through personal interviews with the help of a structured survey schedule. Secondary data on livestock population were collected through the livestock census, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India. A multi stage random sampling method was adopted as an appropriate sampling procedure for the study. Banaskantha district was purposely selected for the study as Banaskantha district has highest livestock population in overall Gujarat State. Four talukas from Banaskantha district were selected randomly and feed manufacturing units were selected by snowball sampling method. From each taluka, five villages were selected randomly. From each village, six farmers were selected randomly. The study focused on buying behavior of farmers regarding cattle feed purchase and to estimate demand for concentrated feed requirements for the future in Banaskantha district. The study found that among the eight explanatory (independent) variables, five variables viz., livestock population, farm size, feed price, income from livestock, total feed fed per day were found to be significantly associated with expenditure of cattle feed price per animal per month and other variables such as average age of the animal, technology adoption and distance from buying location were statistically non-significant. The required feed demand for future livestock populations in Banaskantha district are 3651480 metric tonnes, 4487461 metric tonnes, 5514543 metric tonnes, 6774097 metric tonnes and 8315523 metric tonnes for the year 2024, 2029,2034, 2039 and 2044 respectively.