Agricultural Training Research Articles

Awareness and adoption of climate-resilient practices by smallholder farmers in central and upper Eastern Kenya

Climate change and soil fertility decline are major hurdles to agricultural ecosystems. Despite the importance of climate-resilient practices (CRPs) in enhancing food security, poverty alleviation and nutritional security, awareness and adoption remain low in most developing countries, including Kenya. We assessed the determinants of simultaneous awareness and adoption of CRPs and their intensity in Central Highlands of Kenya. The CRPs considered in this study were inorganic fertilizer and manure integration, manure, mulching, crop residues, cover crop, crop rotation and intercrop. The study used a cross-sectional survey design and collected data from 400 smallholders in Central Highlands of Kenya. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate probit and Poisson regression. Our findings showed that awareness and adoption of specific CRPs and their intensity were determined by occupation, age, farming experience, household size, soil fertility management, climate change adaptation, agricultural training, and geographical location. Smallholders’ agricultural training was an important determinant of awareness, adoption level, and intensity. Our findings underscored the need for agricultural policymakers and extension systems to design farmer-driven training programs for enhanced awareness and adoption of CRPs.

Agro-Pastoral Youth Participation in Livelihood Activities, Development Programs and Interventions in East and West Hararghe Zones of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

This study was conducted to identify the status and determinants of male and female youth participation in selected livelihood activities, development programs and interventions in agro-pastoral areas of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional research design and mixed methods research approach were employed. A multi-stage random sampling strategy was followed to select four agro-pastoral Woredas (A ‘Woreda’ is an administrative unit equivalent to a District), 12 Kebeles (A ‘Kebele’ is the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia. A Woreda/District consists of several Kebeles) and 398 youth aged 15–29 years for a face-to-face interview. Data were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics and an econometric model (Logistic regression) estimation. We found that whereas male youth had better access to land, participation in extension/advisory services and Farmers’ Training Centers (FTCs), agricultural training, and NGOs, female youth had better participation in non-/off-farm livelihood activities and Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP). Our findings indicated that lack of access to financial resources, limited access to land, poor extension and rural advisory services, limited skills development programs and mentorship were key factors affecting youth participation. Other factors include: targeting criteria, discrimination (e.g. on the basis of gender, social structure), cumbersome organizational procedures and requirements, limited availability and capacity of supporting organizations, poor infrastructural developments, mismatch between needs and services provided, conflict, and climate-induced shocks and uncertainties. To overcome these challenges, local and regional governments and their development partners operating in the area should implement a multi-stakeholder, participatory, co-design and development of programs, projects and interventions to enhance collaboration, youth engagement and benefit. Investments in capacity-building and alternative income-generating activities, entrepreneurship education and business skills training are also important.

Sero-prevalence and Associated Factors of Major Respiratory Diseases (Avian Influenza, Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bronchitis, and Mycoplasma Gallisepticum) in Layers Farms in Dakar and Thiès, Senegal

Purpose: This study aimed to identify associated factors and the prevalence of major avian respiratory diseases, including Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Influenza H9, Infectious Bronchitis (IB), and Newcastle disease in poultry farms in the Dakar and Thiès regions of Senegal. Methodology:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on purposively selected farms with over 1000 birds exhibiting respiratory symptoms. Blood samples (400) were collected for serological analysis, and post-mortem examinations were performed to assess disease prevalence. Additionally, data on biosecurity, vaccination, medication practices, general management, and farm infrastructure were obtained through direct observation. Student t-tests were used to analyze the association between different farming practices and respiratory infections. Findings: The results indicated that proximity to neighboring farms, non-compliant buildings, mixed-age groups, and lack of farmer training were associated with respiratory diseases in the surveyed farms. Serological analysis revealed a high prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Influenza H9, each detected in 50% of the farms. Infectious Bronchitis was found in 40% of the farms, while Newcastle disease was detected in 35%. Co-infections were common, with the combination of H9 influenza and Mycoplasma gallisepticum being the most prevalent (33%). Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, including improved biosecurity measures, vaccination strategies, and farmer training, to control respiratory infections. Strengthening biosecurity protocols and enhancing farmer education will help reduce disease.

Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Location, Infrastructure, and Transportation of Productive Malaysia Cocoa Farmers (PMCF) towards Work Performances in Sarawak, Malaysia

Malaysian cocoa production relied on cocoa farmers since 2006 because they were the major holder (81.4%) of the cocoa cultivation area. As for Sarawak, 100% of cocoa production was from cocoa farmers. Sarawak used to produce 21,200 metric tons of dried cocoa beans in 1990. The government also has spent more on training and fertilizer for cocoa farmers to increase PMCF productivity. However, the production keeps gradually decreasing yearly. In 2021, Sarawak only produced 59 metric tons of dried cocoa beans and the productivity decreased by 10% to 0.19 metric/ton/ha/year compared to 2019 productivity (MCB, 2022). In order to strategies the long-term improvement of cocoa production, this study aims to define the relationship between location, infrastructure, and transportation toward the work performance of Sarawak PMCF. Driven by Iceberg Model, the objectives of this preliminary study are to determine i) the location, infrastructure, and transportation towards work performance levels ii) the relationship between location, infrastructure, and transportation with work performance iii) the most factors (IVs) that contribute more toward work performances. A total number of 35 respondents were involved in this purposive data collection which is only 30% of the sample population of the preliminary study which was 105 PMCF. The sample procedure used the approach of random sampling technique. These 35 respondents were selected involving 3.6% of respondents for each zone population of Sarawak rural areas namely the Northern, Middle, and Southern Coastal Zone. The data was r by IBM SPSS version 25.0. The data were tested by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and then analyzed by descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis to answer all objectives. The study found all the variables showed moderate-level indicators. The variables that showed moderate and positive correlation were location and infrastructure. In contrast, location is the most contributing factor to the work performance of PMCF in Sarawak.

Towards sustainable fruit production: Identifying challenges and optimization strategies

CONTEXTThe transition to sustainable fruit production is vital for global sustainability and agricultural development. However, implementing these insights into practice faces significant challenges. OBJECTIVESPomelo (Citrus maxima), a prominent citrus species in tropical and subtropical regions, has been cultivated to enhance farmer profitability but increasing yields often comes at the cost of environmental degradation. This study uses pomelo as a case study to assess key factors influencing pomelo production and establish optimal practices that meet consumption-based food while co-benefits for environmental and economic sustainability. METHODSA comprehensive study was conducted by combining 1155 farm surveys (from 2010, 2018, and 2022) with 31 field experiments. Life cycle assessment (LCA), classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, and scenario analysis were employed to develop pathways for sustainable pomelo production in Pinghe County, Fujian Province, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSResults show no significant differences in pomelo yield across the three years; however, pomelo production in 2022 demonstrated a 60 %–67 % lower in environmental footprints and a 64 %–76 % higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR) compared to 2010 and 2018. Tree age was identified as a critical factor influencing pomelo yield, with optimal yields observed in trees older than 12.5 years. The rate of phosphorus fertilizer application was a key determinant of the phosphorus footprint (PF), which was positively correlated with phosphorus fertilizer rates. Similarly, nitrogen fertilizer application significantly impacted both carbon and nitrogen footprints (CF and NF) as well as the BCR. CF and NF increased with higher nitrogen fertilizer rates, while BCR exhibited a negative correlation with nitrogen fertilizer application. Implementing Science and Technology Backyards (STB) followed by farmer training of slightly more than pomelo nutrient requirements practice (SNRP) or coordinate management by farmers and researchers of matching pomelo nutrients requirement practice (MNRP) had 50 %–91 % lower environmental footprints per ton of pomelo produced and 15 %–44 % higher BCR compared to current farming practices (FP) via reducing 46 %–77 % N, 49 %–92 % P2O5, and 42 %–73 % K2O per hectare. Moreover, adopting 100 % MNRP in pomelo production, along with sustainable fertilizer practices and the implementation of innovative fertilizers, could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (0.76 Tg), reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions (8.76 Gg), phosphorus (P) losses (0.84 Gg), and augment net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) (0.94 billion CNY) at the county scale. SIGNIFICANCEOur study provides evidence-based strategies for achieving sustainable pomelo production through multi-stakeholder collaboration of STB, government, enterprises, and smallholders.

The Importance of Input-Output Analysis in Advancing Sustainable Agricultural Development in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency

This study explores the role of input-output (I-O) tables in promoting sustainable agricultural sector development in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, Indonesia. The agricultural sector is a critical component of the local economy, contributing significantly to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and providing employment for the majority of the population. However, the sector faces challenges such as climate change, unsustainable farming practices, and limited access to modern agricultural technologies. By utilizing I-O tables, this research analyzes the interdependencies between the agricultural sector and other economic sectors, identifying opportunities for growth and the potential impact of sustainable practices. The findings reveal that integrating sustainable agricultural practices can enhance productivity, increase farmers' income, and contribute to environmental preservation. Policy recommendations are provided to support the adoption of sustainable methods, including incentives for environmentally friendly practices, education and training for farmers, and the development of supporting infrastructure. The study underscores the importance of data-driven approaches in formulating effective policies that promote both economic growth and sustainability in the agricultural sector.

Determinants of Perception, Adaptation Strategy and Measuring Composite Vulnerability of Agricultural Households to Climate Change in the Desert State Rajasthan, India

The study aims to assess agricultural households’ vulnerability, perception and adaptation to climate change in the desert state of Rajasthan, India. A data set of 600 households was collected using a purposive random sampling technique from six districts: Ajmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Dausa and Tonk. While using the binary logit model, factors affecting the perception and adaptation of agricultural households were assessed, and a composite livelihood vulnerability index was constructed to determine the households’ susceptibility to climate change. The findings suggest that the majority of the households are moderately vulnerable. Of the total households surveyed, 89 per cent of the agricultural households perceive climate change. 83.3 per cent of perceived households used adaptation strategies such as mixed cropping, crop rotation and farm ponds. Socioeconomic variables like the educational status of the household head, farming experience, type of agriculture financial support, agricultural training, land size and access to agricultural institutions influence farmers’ adaptation decisions. Further, lack of information, extension services, access to credit, improved seeds and water, insufficient capital, infertile soil and a labour shortage are barriers to adaptive strategies. Hence, the study recommends effective government policies to enhance credit availability, financial support and agricultural mechanisation for agricultural households. JEL Codes: Q54, Q12, Q18

Pengembangan Strategi Pemasaran Hasil Pertanian Jagung

Developing a marketing strategy for corn agricultural products is an important step to increase the competitiveness and income of corn farmers in Indonesia. Corn as one of the main agricultural commodities has great potential to meet food and industrial needs. This discussion aims to analyze the current conditions of the corn market, identify the challenges faced by farmers, and formulate effective marketing strategies. The results of the discussion show that factors such as product quality, price and market accessibility greatly influence the success of corn marketing. Apart from that, the use of information technology and digital marketing has also been proven to increase market reach and distribution efficiency. Based on these findings, recommended marketing strategies include strengthening distribution networks, improving product quality through training for farmers, and using digital platforms for marketing. By implementing this strategy, it is hoped that corn farmers can increase their income and contribute to national food security

Set When the Sun Rises, Rise When the Sun Sets: Climate Impact on Health, Safety, and Wellbeing of Smallholder Farmers in Vietnam

Vietnam is a country most at risk for experiencing climate change effects, especially increasing temperatures. Agricultural production is one of the biggest contributors to Vietnam’s economy. Recent research has explored how climate change will impact agriculture in Vietnam. However, the impact of climate change to the health, safety, and wellbeing of Vietnamese farmers is often overlooked. In this study, we conducted five focus groups with 46 farmers representing three provinces of Vietnam. We used a convergent mixed-methods design and a Total Worker Health® framework to assess how farmers in Vietnam experience climate-change-related hazards and describe how famers associate these hazards with impacts to their health, safety, and wellbeing. Multi-dimensional scaling suggests farmers conceptualize hazards separately from health, safety, and wellbeing outcomes, but a thematic analysis of our data indicated that farmers perceive both direct and indirect impacts of climate change to their health, safety, and wellbeing. Direct impacts of climate change described included physical health effects such as heat stress. Indirect impacts included mental health stressors due to productivity demands. Gaps in available health and safety trainings for farmers were also identified. This project demonstrates the need to co-develop safety and health trainings with farmers. System-level approaches both at the societal and community levels are needed. The local governments, cooperatives, Women’s Unions, and Farmers’ Unions are trusted sources of information that could implement and disseminate these trainings.

Econometric Analysis of Factors Affecting Access to Market by Yam Farmers in Benue State

It is evident that in developing countries, agriculture serves as a foundation for economic activities. It plays an active role in determining the wealth, social and political system of a society. Therefore, policies and programmes as well as research and development in the sector is necessary for increased productivity and marketing. This study examines the variables influencing yam farmers’ access to markets in Benue State. The level to which the produce intended for sale the previous season was actually sold was used to determine whether or not the market was accessible. Data were collected with the use of a structured questionnaire from three local governments in Sankera Zone, the dominant yam producing zone of Benue state. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed the variables that affected the likelihood that a farmer in the study area would have easy access to markets. Gender, educational attainment, prior farming experience, vehicle ownership, and market space all showed positive and had a significant impact on the likelihood that a farmer would have simple access to the market. However, the age of the household and size had a negative effect, and were statistically significant. A farmer training programme is strongly recommended to equip farmers with modern farming techniques. Additionally, the establishment of infrastructural facilities, market boards, and yam processing factories were recommended to support their endeavors.

An analysis of the impact of digital technology adoption on the income of high quality farmers in production and operating.

Digital technology is shaping our traditional agriculture in unprecedented ways. As a new engine to empower farmers and promote common prosperity in rural areas, the development of the digital economy can help revitalize rural industries, providing strong support for increasing industrial value-added income and farmers' income levels. Based on 676 pooled cross-section data of high-quality farmers in China Guangdong Province from 2020-2021, the article empirically examines the impact of digital technology adoption on the production and business income of high-quality farmers and explores its mechanism of action, based on theoretical analysis and using the ERM model. It is found that the use of digital technology helps to increase the income of high quality farmers in production and business, but effects vary for different income levels and different types of high quality farmers. In addition, tests of the mechanism of action suggest that the introduction of digital technologies can mitigate the negative impact of market distance on the income of high quality farmers in production and business. After applying variable substitution, model replacement, and propensity score matching (PSM) for robustness checks, the research findings still hold true. Therefore, efforts should be made to speed up the upgrading of rural digital technology and other infrastructure, increase training for high quality farmers to improve their digital literacy through multiple channels, for the better marketing of agricultural products.

Implementasi Program Petani Mandiri dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani di Kecamatan Sumberrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro

This study aims to examine the implementation of the Independent Farmer Program in Sumberrejo Sub-district, Bojonegoro Regency, a flagship priority program of the local government. This program is governed by Regent Regulation Number 43 of 2020 concerning the Second Amendment to Regent Regulation Number 20 of 2019, which amends Regent Regulation Number 48 of 2018 on the Independent Farmer Program. The program seeks to improve farmers' welfare through empowerment and access to agricultural resources. The study's findings indicate that the program faces challenges, such as low farmer awareness and the suboptimal implementation of several initiatives. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Recommendations include enhancing farmer outreach and training, as well as strengthening program monitoring and evaluation to ensure effectiveness and sustainability.

Determinants of smallholder membership in farmers’ groups in the pigeon pea-based farming system in Uganda

BackgroundMembership in farmers’ group (FGs) is an important social aspect of agricultural development. Little is known about the relative importance and benefits from participation in FGs in Uganda, specifically for pigeon pea smallholders in northern Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey with 257 smallholders to examine the factors that motivate farmer’s group membership and its influence on pigeon pea yield and technical efficiency (TE) in northern Uganda. We applied the Stochastic Production Frontier (SPF) model and complementary models to assess membership impact on pigeon pea yield and TE determinants, respectively. TE is defined as the degree to which smallholders use the minimum feasible farm inputs to produce a given level of pigeon pea grain.ResultsResults show that FG members were generally older and more experienced, and had better access to extension services (76%) and credit (43%) compared to non-members. Smallholders’ age, access to agricultural training, extension services, and the distance travelled to market centres were statistically significant (p < 0.05), thus limiting the likelihood of FG membership. TE for both groups was low and quite similar, at 63% and 59% for members and non-members, respectively, implying that both groups did not use the available farm resources to maximize pigeon pea yield.ConclusionOur results confirm that FG membership enhances smallholder’s access to extension, agricultural training services and credit. For northern Uganda, the study provides recommendations for increased government investment in the human, financial and physical capacity of extension agents as a strategy for rural development and improved livelihoods. In addition, policy incentives can encourage farmers to seek membership in farmers’ groups and related associations.

From Agricultural Station to Rural Lab: Sa Granja, an Innovative Center for Agricultural Research, Training, and Cooperation on the Island Of Menorca

Abstract We are at a turning point towards more sustainable socio-economic systems that will shape the future of the agri-food sector by configuring improved production models. This article contends that research, experimentation, vocational training, and cooperation are essential to carry out the transformations needed. To support this contention, this article assesses the evolution of Sa Granja from its creation in Menorca in 1922 until today and its transformation from a General Agricultural Station to a Rural Lab in line with the “living lab” model. It also explores the reasons that made Sa Granja become a benchmark for innovation and training and its contribution to Menorcan agriculture as well as to the transition to a more sustainable agriculture. Finally, some best practices that can be applied elsewhere are highlighted.

Assessing production, processing and utilization of sorghum in West Pokot County, Kenya

Sorghum is one of the most important and under-utilized cereal crops in the Arid and Semi-Arid land (ASAL) regions of Kenya. The crop is grown in drought-prone marginal agricultural areas of Western Central and Eastern and coastal regions of Kenya. The diverse biotic and abiotic constraints including climate changes reduce sorghum productivity. Sorghum technology generators continue promoting suitable management practices and innovations to cushion and improve the resilience of smallholder farmers against the adverse effects of climate change. These interventions contribute to the attainment of not only household and national food security but also enhance incomes. Despite the increasing sorghum production and utilization in West Pokot County, there is limited knowledge of the status of production, processing, and utilization technologies. The aim of this study was to assess the current sorghum production, processing, utilization technology, innovations, and management practices among smallholder farmers. A household survey was undertaken using a jointly developed structured questionnaire by a multi- and inter-disciplinary team of researchers. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, 599 households were randomly selected and interviewed. Data collected were on household and farm characteristics including technologies. The study revealed that compared to maize and pasture, land allocated to sorghum enterprise was relatively low ranging from 0.32 acres to 0.80 acres with an average of 0.73 acres. The adoption of various sorghum technological components was also low. Adoption of improved sorghum varieties was less than 7% while fertilizer use was less than 20%. These contribute to low crop yields of about 140kg per acre. In addition, value addition was also low. Sorghum use was limited to ugali (56%) and porridge (39%) against the diverse value-added products including bread baking. and industrial processing of pure and blended products. More farmer and stakeholders training need to be done. In order to fully upgrade the sorghum value chain; there is the need to have targeted sorghum policies focusing on a range of activities along the value chain. These interventions could be integrated into the West Pokot County Integrated Development Plan. Key words: Sorghum, Production, Marketing, Utilization, Challenges, Opportunities, West Pokot

Training effectiveness evaluation: Advancing a Kirkpatrick model based composite framework

The present study aims at ideating a quantitative protocol to evaluate effectiveness of training programmes especially meant for farmers, farm women, and rural youth. The specific objective was to develop a robust framework for measuring the effectiveness of rural training programmes organized by the Farmers Training Centres (FTCs) of India. Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model provides us the foundation to design a four-dimensional composite framework based on range-based indicator normalization, principal component analysis based indicator weight estimation, and rank correlation based framework sensitivity testing. We used cross-sectional primary data generated through household survey and personal interviews with randomly selected one thousand trainees to test and validate our proposed protocol. Applying it on our evaluation target we find that the degree of effectiveness of the training programmes varies; one in every four training programmes may not be effective. Trainees’ reactions on various aspects of the training programmes may have positive and significant influence on learning. Training outcomes may be linked with the trainees’ post-training changes in behaviour. A sensitivity test confirms that the proposed framework is not susceptible to changes in weighting schemes, implying robustness of indicator selection. The findings offer dissection of individual training programmes guiding policy decisions for a training organization. The proposed framework enriches the Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model by offering standardized indicators for training effectiveness evaluation.

Potensi Ketahanan Pangan sebagai Perekonomian Desa Sababilah dalam Mendukung Ketersediaan Pangan Kabupaten Barito Selatan

Sababilah Village in Dusun Selatan District, South Barito Regency, has great potential to increase food security through optimal resource management. With lowland topography and a tropical climate, this village has fertile soil that is ideal for various plants. The 2024 Real Work Lecture Program (KKN-T) from Palangka Raya University focuses on developing food security by planting various plants using innovative planting media containers such as drinking water glasses and providing technical assistance in watermelon harvesting. The results of the activity show that this agricultural technique is effective in utilizing local resources and increasing crop yields. To increase success, it is recommended that villages expand modern agricultural training, involve communities more actively, and develop local markets for agricultural products. Regular evaluation is also important to ensure the program's sustainability and positive impact.

Impact of Pesticide Training on Safety Climate Perception Among French Cereal Farmers.

Background: The training of farmers in pesticide safety is of prime importance for reducing pesticide use and exposure through the implementation of sustainable management practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of compulsory training on the knowledge and perceptions of cereal farmers, with the help of a safety climate scale. Method: We approached cereal farmers throughout France during compulsory training and certification procedures for pesticide-related activities. Trainees were asked to complete a safety climate questionnaire at the start and end of the course. In total, 733 cereal farm managers or workers completed the questionnaire at the start of the study, 131 of whom declined to complete the questionnaire at the end of the training session, leaving 602 subjects available for pre-training/post-training comparisons. Statistical analyses were based on paired t-tests and mixed models for repeated measures. Findings: The mean safety climate score increased from 82.37 to 88.22 after the training course (7.1 %, p < .001) in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Mean increases were also found for each of its seven dimensions (p < .001), ranging from 2.8% for "rules and best practices" to 12.4% for "communication and feedback." Few covariate-by-time interactions were found to be significant. Conclusion/Application to Practice: This study demonstrates that pesticide training is highly effective in increasing safety climate perception among cereal farmers and provides hints for improving the design of educational programs. Promoting the development and facilitation of lifelong learning with continuously updated training programs should be a top priority for minimizing pesticide exposure.

Minat Generasi Muda dalam Usaha Tani Padi Organik di Desa Gentungan Kecamatan Mojogedang Kabupaten Karanganyar

&lt;p&gt;The development of organic rice farming in Gentungan Village faced aging farmers. This research aims to assess the interest of the younger generation in organic rice farming in Gentungan Village, analyze the efforts made to increase youth interest in organic rice farming, and the impact of the existence of the Taruna Tani Lestari group. This research method uses descriptive qualitative. The location selection was purposively in Gentungan Village, Mojogedang Sub-district, Karanganyar. The number of informants in this research was 18, consisting of youth members of the Taruna Tani group, youth farmers not members of the Taruna Tani groups, and non-youth farmers—data analysis using Miles and Huberman using the Promethee method. Data validity used triangulation of sources and data collection methods. The results showed that youth interest in organic rice farming began to increase due to various efforts made by the village in collaboration with universities and other agricultural start-ups. The existing efforts include forming the Taruna Tani group, introducing technology and development of agricultural infrastructure, education and training in agriculture, collaborating with various stakeholders, establishing agro-tourism, and developing other commodities. However, the Gentungan Village government needs to formulate multiple policies in the Village Medium Term Development Plan (RPJM) related to efforts to increase youth interest in organic farming businesses to realize Gentungan Village as an Organic Village in 2030.&lt;/p&gt;

Enhancing Technical Efficiency in Aquaculture: A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review

Early 2024, fueled by rising demand, growing awareness of healthier animal protein, and technological advancements. With the global population expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, aquaculture, particularly freshwater fish farming, is pivotal in satisfying the increasing need for animal protein. As the third-largest aquaculture producer, Indonesia faces significant challenges in optimizing production, requiring advanced technology, farmer education, and environmentally sustainable practices. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the literature on technical efficiency in aquaculture, mapping out research trends, collaborations, and existing gaps. The findings highlight the critical role of technical efficiency in enhancing economic performance and promoting environmental sustainability. Factors such as farmer demographics, training, infrastructure, gender inclusion, and environmental adaptation are identified as key influencers of efficiency. The study emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of technical efficiency across various regions and species, underscoring Indonesia's potential as a focal point for further research in this area. This knowledge is essential for improving practices and policies to meet future food security needs effectively.