Farmer Exchange Rate Research Articles

Predict Farmer Exchange Rate in the Food Crop Sector Using Principal Component Regression

Farmer Exchange Rate (FER) in Indonesia is very concerning. According to BPS data, there are various regions that experience increases and decreases every year. The goal of this paper is to predict Farmer Exchange Rate in the food crop sector using Principal Component Regression (PCR) since there is multicollinearity in the data. Therefore, with the PCR method using data based on 33 different provinces in Indonesia can determine the Farmer Exchange Rate with supporting factors. The model used can help farmers to be able to improve the welfare and economic growth of Indonesia as it depends on farmers. Further analysis found that the Harvest Area, production, and Human Development Index had an effect on farmer exchange rate. By using this model, it is expected that farmers in Indonesia have an increasing level of welfare and solve multicollinearity problem.

Analysis of the Application for Inflation Monetary Variables on the Income of Corn Farmers in Medan Krio Village

The purpose of this study is to analyze crop production, farmer exchange rate and inflation against the income of corn farmers in Medan Krio Village both partially and simultaneously. The specific target in this study is to analyze crop production and the exchange rate of farmers against the income of corn farmers in Medan Krio Village. So that it can show how much the value of the influence of crop production and the exchange rate of farmers on the income of corn farmers in Medan Krio Village. This study uses primary data and secondary data as support for primary data. The data collection technique carried out on primary data is the distribution of questionnaires carried out on 150 samples of respondents. The data analysis used is Multiple Linear Regression and Descriptive Analysis. The results of this study variable crop production variable has a significant effect on the income of corn farmers in Medan Krio Village, the variable exchange rate of farmers has a significant effect on the income of corn farmers in Medan Krio Village and the variable of crop production and exchange rate of farmers simultaneously affects the income of corn farmers in Medan Krio Village. While the results of the descriptive analysis, the inflation variable affects the income of corn farmers in Medan Krio Village.

Income analysis of rice farmers in medan krio village

The agricultural sector is unique and has its characteristics in the structure of the national economy. This sector is relatively a sector that receives serious attention in development actions. This study aims to analyze the effect of crop production and farmer exchange rates on farmers' income in Medan Krio Village both partially and simultaneously. The research was conducted in Medan Krio Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research data used are primary. In addition to primary data, secondary data is also used as a support for primary data. Data analysis techniques are obtained from direct interviews of respondents with the help of prepared questionnaires. The data analysis method used is Multiple Linear Regression. The results of the study partially affected the variables of crop production had a significant effect on the income of rice farmers and the variables of the farmer exchange rate had an insignificant effect on the income of farmers in Medan Krio Village. Simultaneously, the variables of crop production and farmer exchange rates do not affect the income of farmers in Medan Krio Village.

Pengaruh Harga Gabah terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani di Sumatera Utara pada Tahun 2020-2021


 One of the keys to the growth of the agricultural sector is the level of welfare enjoyed by farmers. The purpose of this study is to find out how the welfare of farmers in North Sumatra will be affected by the price of grain in 2020-2021. In accordance with the research design, quantitative descriptive research will be used to conduct this research. This kind of research is quantitative. That secondary data is used. The Central Bureau of Statistics provides information for this (BPS). The data analysis technique used Multiple Linear Regression Test with SPSS application. The results showed that the probability value. Tcount of the dry milled grain variable (X1) is 0.019 < from 0.05 so that the milled dry grain variable has a significant effect on the farmer's exchange rate variable in 2020-2021. The probability value of Tcount of Harvested Dry Grain (X2) is 0.966 > from 0.05 so that the Harvested Dry Grain variable has no effect on the Farmer's Exchange Rate variable (Y) in 2020-2021. The calculated F probability value (sig.) above is 0.047 < from the 0.05 significance level (0.047 < 0.05). So it can be said that the Variables of Milled Dry Grain and Harvested Dry Unhusked Simultaneously have a significant effect on Farmers' Exchange Rates in 2020-2021. 
 Keywords: Welfare, Grain

Synergy of tourism and agriculture in increasing the exchange rate of farmers in Tabanan District: a critical review

This study aims to analyze the synergy between tourism and agriculture to increase the exchange rate of farmers in the Tabanan Regency area. A literature review approach with a focus on critical review was used in this study. Based on previous research, the study looked at how the Tabanan district's policies affect how tourism and farming work together. The components analyzed are the rationalization and realization of policy implementation related to the analyzed review. This research is a critical literature review to assess, compare, and compile strategy characteristics. The results obtained from the synergy between tourism and agriculture in Tabanan Regency have the potential to be implemented to increase the farmer exchange rate. The idea of mutualism between the two sectors is expected to help tourist villages grow. Improving the size and quality of tourist villages, with the help of local governments, will lead to changes affecting farmers' incomes and exchange rates. They will be able to see the well-being of their farmers. Factors that must be realized to make this synergy concept a success include: 1) the Tabanan Regency Government can facilitate the development of tourist villages; 2) farmers are expected to be open to accepting synergy models of work with the tourism sector, and 3) tourism actors assist farmers in identifying local potentials that have economic value. The policy will likely lead to more and better tourist villages, raising farmers' exchange rates and improving their lives. In conclusion, combining tourism and agriculture makes much sense. The rationalization of policies that local governments and farmers work on can help increase farmers' exchange rates locally and regionally.

DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID 19 TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHATANI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium Sativum) DI KECAMATAN SEMBALUN

Central Bureau of Statistics of West Nusa Tenggara released that in February 2021, almost all farmers experienced a decrease in the exchange rate of farmers, including horticultural farmers. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the constraints farmers face in garlic farming in Sembalun District as a centre of garlic production nationally. The was used qualitative descriptive method by determining 30 respondents who did garlic farming before and during the covid 19 pandemic. Based on the results, the income of garlic farmers in Sembalun District before the Covid-19 pandemic was significantly different from that of garlic farming during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the biggest obstacle faced by garlic farmers was price fluctuations, and marketing was due to the need for a good market chain. Keywords: Garlic, The Covid-19, Income, Sembalun, Farming

REGRESI PANEL DALAM ANALISIS NILAI TUKAR PETANI TANAMAN PANGAN (NTTP) LIMA PROVINSI PENGHASIL BERAS TERBESAR DI INDONESIA

To assess the success of development in agriculture can be done by looking at the level of welfare of farmers, which can be measured from the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP). NTP is the ratio between the price index value received by farmers and the price index value paid by farmers. NTP is suspected to have a relationship with various factors, where to determine the influence of these factors can be done through modeling both as response variables and predictor variables. NTP values in several sectors can be observed from an object of research in a certain period of time. Therefore, panel data regression can be used in modeling the relationship between NTP and the factors that influence it. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that are thought to influence the Food Crop Farmer Exchange Rate (NTTP) by using panel data regression. The factors referred to are land area, harvested area, production, productivity, GRDP of the agricultural sector, inflation, and the consumer price index.. The data used comes from the five largest rice-producing provinces in Indonesia according to data from the Ministry of Agriculture in 2020. This research data is sourced from the website of the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) and the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture for the 2008-2017 time period. The independent variabels in the study were land area, harvested area, production, productivity, agricultural sector GDP, inflation, and the consumer price index, while the dependent variabel was NTTP. The results of the regression analysis, it can be concluded that the Common Effect Model is the best model of the NTTP panel regression in 5 provinces of Indonesia with an R-Squared value of 53.25% and an error value of 7.55% accuracy of the estimation results using MAPE. This shows that the factors that are thought to affect NTTP such as Productivity, Inflation, and CPI have a significant influence, while the variabels of Land Area, Harvest Area, Production, GRDP of the Agricultural Sector are not significant in the regression model and the rest is influenced by other factors. outside of this research. The value of the MAPE accuracy error rate shows a percentage below 10% which means the forecast value is very accurate.

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Tanaman Kelapa dalam (Cocos nucifera) Di Desa Lamahang Kecamatan Waplau Kabupaten Buru

The condition of coconut plantations is currently damaged due to very old age, especially in Lamahang Village, District. This situation causes the production of coconut plants to decrease greatly and the productivity of the land is very low. For this reason, it is necessary to do research on the analysis of coconut farming income in Lamahang Village. The objects to be studied are the farmers who own deep coconut, and to see the income of deep coconut farmers based on business patterns, the contribution of deep coconut farming to farmers' income, and the exchange rate of deep coconut farmers. For the sample taken 25%, from 100 heads of families the number of coconut farmers in Lamahang Village. The results showed that the average Farmer Terms of Trade (NTP) in coconut farming was 116.89. This means that in general it can be described that the level of welfare of coconut farmers in Lamahang Village, Waplau District, is still relatively prosperous.

IMPLEMENTASI FOOD ESTATE TERHADAP TINGKAT PARTISIPASI ANGKATAN KERJA DI INDONESIA

Food estate policies implemented by the government in several provinces are aimed at improving the welfare of farmers and increasing the production of agricultural products. an increase in farmers' welfare is indicated by an increase in the farmer's exchange rate (NTP) and an increase in the production of agricultural products as indicated by the growth of GRDP in the agricultural sector. This study aims to determine how much influence the implementation of food estate has on employment in the agricultural sector (TPAK). This study was analyzed by panel data regression and the selected model is the Fixed Effect Model. The results showed that the GRDP growth variable in the agricultural sector had a positive and significant effect on TPAK. Meanwhile, the NTP variable has a negative and insignificant effect on TPAK in the provinces where the food estate policy is applied

Analisis Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Dan Nilai Tukar Petani Kopi Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Atu Lintang Kabupaten Aceh Tengah

Coffee is a product that has good market opportunities both domestically and abroad. Most of Central Aceh's coffee production is a plantation commodity which is exported to the world market. Coffee commodity is the main source of livelihood for farmers, this is the prima donna plant of the farming community of Central Aceh Regency. Likewise, the people who live in Atu Lintang District, generally farmers in this area are coffee farmers. The impact of Covid-19 in Central Aceh entering the final month of the harvest period, the price of Gayo coffee is getting worse and sadder. The price of Gayo coffee at the farmer level has actually fallen to its lowest point due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Londong coffee (chary) is priced at Rp. 4,615/kg, from the price of Rp. 9.230/kg before the Covid-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the cost of harvesting reaches IDR 25,000 per 13.3 kg. The price of green beans is currently below Rp. 65,000/kg, previously it was always above Rp. 65,000/kg for random types of coffee. This study aims to look at 1) the coffee farmers' exchange rate (NTP) during the Covid-19 pandemic, 2) what factors affect the coffee farmers' exchange rate (NTP). This research was conducted in Atu Lintang District, Central Aceh Regency. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive analysis, namely the analysis of quantitative data, both primary and secondary data. The results of the analysis are in the form of descriptions that are able to provide problem solving and achieve the objectives of research activities. The number of organic coffee farmers in Atu Lintang sub-district is 626 people. So that the number of respondents' samples was taken using the Slovin formula with a standard error of 10%. The analysis used is the exchange rate analysis of coffee farmers and multiple linear analysis (OLS). Based on the results of the study, the average exchange rate of coffee farmers during the Covid-19 pandemic, Atu Lintang District, Central Aceh Regency was 107%. Factors that affect the exchange rate of coffee farmers simultaneously or partially are land area, labor, production costs and production have a significant effect on the exchange rate of coffee farmers.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMISKINAN PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI INDONESIA BAGIAN BARAT

In developing countries, poverty and the agricultural sector are closely linked. This study aims to analyze the agricultural sector GRDP, the exchange rate of farmers, employment, education and unemployment in the agricultural sector influencing poverty in western Indonesia. The panel data model is used with fixed effect model estimates for data from 11 provinces from 2016 to 2020. The results show that Agricultural Sector GRDP and Unemployment have a significant positive effect on Poverty. The results also show that the exchange rate and the education of farmers have a significant negative effect on poverty. However, the results of the variable Work in the Agricultural Sector do not have a significant effect on Poverty. Another implication of this situation is that the increase in GRDP in the agricultural sector and unemployment are factors causing the increase in poverty in western Indonesia. Meanwhile, rising farmers' exchange rates, education and unemployment variables can help reduce poverty in western Indonesia. Therefore, this research will be useful for policymakers, both central and local governments, to always pay attention to the variables that can affect the incidence of poverty in western Indonesia

Nilai Tukar Petani sebagai Indikator Kesejahteraan Petani Kedelai di Kecamatan Pulokulon Kabupaten Grobogan

This study aims to determine the average exchange rate of soybean farmers and determine the factors that affect the exchange rate of soybean farmers in Grobogan Regency. The basic method used in this research is analytical descriptive. The research location was chosen purposively, namely in Pulokulon District, Grobogan Regency. The type of data used in this study is primary data from 50 respondent farmers. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the Farmer's Exchange Rate (NTP) was 115% which indicated that the farmers were in a prosperous condition. All variables studied together have a significant effect on the exchange rate of soybean farmers in Grobogan Regency. The results of the t-test analysis showed that other farm income variables, farmer household food expenditures, non-farm income and non-food expenditures of farmers' households had a significant effect on the soybean farmer's exchange rate, while the variables of farmer age, education, number of farmer family members, and farm income individually does not significantly affect the exchange rate of farmers in Grobogan Regency. From the results of the t-test analysis, the function model of the exchange rate of soybean farmers in Grobogan Regency is Y = 59.418 + 0.381X1 – 2.319X2 + 7.276X3 + 1.077x10-5X4 + 4.498x10-6X5 –3.681 x10-6X6 - 3.656 x10-6X7 - 3,859x10-6X8. Based on the results of the study, suggestions that can be given are that it is necessary to provide counseling regarding increasing the productivity of other farming commodities and being able to maximize the use of the yard to plant vegetables and fruits for household consumption and to use fuel efficiently. Farmers can have a side job outside the agricultural sector such as being a laborer, trader, or other work so as to increase the household income of farmers. The government can provide assistance in the form of capital for farmers both to develop farming and other businesses with the hope that the income obtained by the community will increase so that the welfare of farmers will also increase. In relation to soybean farming, farmers should form partnerships with women farmer groups in selling soybeans.

Nilai Tukar Petani Komoditas Tanaman Pangan Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya Di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2008 – 2020

This study aims to analyze the exchange rate of farmers and the factors that influence it in West Java province in 2008 – 2020. The variables studied were land area, rice productivity, fertilizer cost and seed cost. The research method used is the study of literature by examining secondary data published nationally and regionally from various valid and credible sources derived from the Central Statistics Agency, the Department of food crops and Horticulture of West Java Province, the Ministry of Agriculture and others. The study was conducted in the period between November 2021 and March 2022. Data processing is done using Least Squares analysis with the help of E-Views 9 Software. The results showed that the exchange rate of farmers of food crops in West Java Province in the period from 2008 to 2020 was influenced simultaneously by land area, rice productivity, fertilizer cost and seed cost. But partially, the variable land area does not significantly affect the exchange rate of food crop farmers. Variable rice productivity, fertilizer costs and seed costs partially significantly affect the exchange rate of farmers of food crops in West Java.

THE INFLUENCE OF INFLATION, TRADE, AND FARMERS' EXCHANGE RATE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE

This study aims to see how much influence inflation, trade, and farmer exchange rates have on economic growth in Lampung Province. The method used is a descriptive-analytical method with a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis tests. The data used is secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2018-2021. The results of the study showed that simultaneously there was no significant influence between inflation, trade, and farmer exchange rates on economic growth. The three indicators of economic growth that have a significant effect are inflation, the higher the inflation, the lower the economic growth, while the lower the inflation, the more positive the economic growth will be. Partial testing, inflation does not have a positive effect on economic growth, but hurts economic growth, meaning that decreasing inflation will have a positive impact on economic growth and conversely increasing inflation will not have a positive effect on economic growth. . Trade does not have a positive impact on economic growth, meaning that increasing trade will not have a positive effect on economic growth. The Farmer's Exchange Rate does not have a positive effect on Economic Growth, meaning that the greater the Farmer's Exchange Rate, it will not have a positive effect on Economic Growth.

Factors That Effect the Exchange Rate of Large Chili Farmers, In the City of Malang, Indonesia

Nowadays, the world economy is experiencing a decline, one of which is affected by the agricultural sector. The welfare of farmers is questioned, especially in Indonesia, where there are already many paddy fields but still farmers who are not prosperous. There are several factors that affect the level of welfare of these farmers. Therefore, this study analyzes the factors that influence the farmer's exchange rate (NTP) for large chilies in Kalipare Village, Malang Regency. This research was conducted directly. This research method uses saturated sampling technique with multiple linear regression analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that the factors that affect Farmer's Exchange Rate (NTP) are planted area, producer, seed price and production.

Factors That Effect the Exchange Rate of Large Chili Farmers, In the City of Malang, Indonesia

Factors That Effect the Exchange Rate of Large Chili Farmers, In the City of Malang, Indonesia

FUZZY VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION FOR FORECASTING FARMER EXCHANGE RATE IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

Computer technology has developed to a very advanced measure. Calculations using complex formulas are no longer an obstacle for industry and researchers. Along with advances in computing technology, the development of fuzzy system models is also experiencing rapid progress. This paper proposes a fuzzy model combined with Vector Autoregression. The fuzzy membership function is built by selecting the median of each set to be the center of the fuzzy set. The function chosen as the membership function is Gaussian. The fuzzy Vector Autoregression model obtained was applied to the Farmer's Exchange Rate in Central Java Province. The accuracy of the model is measured based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error. The results of model trials on FER Central Java in 2014-2020, show a pretty good forecast, namely forecasting with MAPE around 5%, and not exceeding 10%.

Nilai Tukar Nelayan dan Perikanan di Kabupaten Probolinggo Tahun 2021

This study aims to measure the term of trade of fishermen and fish farmers, identify the level of income and expenditure of production as well as consumption of fishermen and fish farming, The population consists of fishing households in 7 sub-districts in Probolinggo Regency. The total household sample of Fishermen and Fish Farming was 147 fishermen, or an average of 21 Fishermen and Fish Farmers from each sub-district. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis, which is the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, both primary and secondary data. The results of the analysis showed that the exchangeability of fishermen and fish farming products (NTNP) of 102.51 this shows that there is an increase in NTNP of 2.51 percent from the base year 2018. The increase was due to an increase in the price index received by fishermen and fish farming (It) by 7.60 percent in 2021 compared to the base year of 2018, and an increase in the price index paid by fishermen and fish farming (Ib) by 4.97 percent in 2021 compared to the base year 2018. NTNP of 102.51 shows that fishermen and fish farming in Probolinggo regency in 2021 are prosperous. The development of the level of income and expenditure of household consumption and the production costs of developing capital goods of fishermen and fish farming at the surplus position indicated by It of 107.60 and Ib of 104.97. This shows that the price received by fishermen and fish farming (It) is greater than the price index paid by fishermen and fish farmers (Ib) of Probolinggo regency in 2021.Keywords: Exchange Rate of Farmers, Fishermen, Fish Farmers, Prosperous

Nilai Tukar Nelayan dan Perikanan di Kabupaten Probolinggo Tahun 2021

This study aims to measure the term of trade of fishermen and fish farmers, identify the level of income and expenditure of production as well as consumption of fishermen and fish farming, The population consists of fishing households in 7 sub-districts in Probolinggo Regency. The total household sample of Fishermen and Fish Farming was 147 fishermen, or an average of 21 Fishermen and Fish Farmers from each sub-district. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis, which is the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, both primary and secondary data. The results of the analysis showed that the exchangeability of fishermen and fish farming products (NTNP) of 102.51 this shows that there is an increase in NTNP of 2.51 percent from the base year 2018. The increase was due to an increase in the price index received by fishermen and fish farming (It) by 7.60 percent in 2021 compared to the base year of 2018, and an increase in the price index paid by fishermen and fish farming (Ib) by 4.97 percent in 2021 compared to the base year 2018. NTNP of 102.51 shows that fishermen and fish farming in Probolinggo regency in 2021 are prosperous. The development of the level of income and expenditure of household consumption and the production costs of developing capital goods of fishermen and fish farming at the surplus position indicated by It of 107.60 and Ib of 104.97. This shows that the price received by fishermen and fish farming (It) is greater than the price index paid by fishermen and fish farmers (Ib) of Probolinggo regency in 2021.Keywords: Exchange Rate of Farmers, Fishermen, Fish Farmers, Prosperous

An Estimator For Simultaneous Equation Model Using Two Stage Ridge Method (Case Study On Farmer Exchange Rate Data In Indonesia)

The concept of simultaneity is undoubtedly the most influential idea in econometrics, such as the relationship in farmer exchange rate. A simultaneous equations model is model with two or more equations is defined as one in which a variable explained in one equation appears as an explanatory in another. In the simultaneous equation model, the variables used are known as endogenous variables and exogenous variables. As a result,the model's endogenous variables are determined at the same time. Moreover, in these simultaneous equations, there is a correlation between the error terms of the structural equations of the model, the two stage least square method was selected to estimate. Under the issues of multicollinearity two stage least squares estimation in a simultaneous equations model has several desirable properties. Futhermore, we use a two Stages least square estimator for the simultaneous equations model, which suffers from autocorrelation issues and then we combined with ridge regression estimator which suffers from multicollinearity issues. After adjusting this with the ordinary ridge regression estimator, we use a mixed method to apply the two stages least squares procedure.From the this study, it was found that the two stage ridge is better than two stage least square. This is influenced by the simultaneous relationship and multicollinearity in each equation.