Categories Of Farmers Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Risk Perception of Broiler Grow-Out Farmers on Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Oyo State, Nigeria.

Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and risk perception of Nigerian broiler grow-out farmers (n = 152) to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with a five sectional purposive-structured-questionnaire: demographics; knowledge; attitudes; risk-perception; and response to regulation of antimicrobial practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Respondents’ knowledge score, in total, was lower than average, with all (100%) respondents having the understanding that antibiotics kill/reduce bacteria, most participants (>73%) believing that feeding antibiotics to broiler chickens is a necessity for weight gain, and many (>69%) thinking that no negative side-effects exist with the use of antibiotics. Poor attitude towards antimicrobial usage was prevalent (>63%) with unsatisfactory performance in most instruments: >60% of farmers reported using antimicrobials every week and still use antimicrobials when birds appear sick, and most (>84%) arbitrarily increase the drug dosages when used. However, a satisfactory performance score was reported (68%) in risk perception of AMR with >63% perceiving that inappropriate use of antibiotics is the main factor causing the emergence of resistant bacteria; >65.8% expressed that AMR in broiler chickens is not essential for public health, that AMR cannot develop from broiler bacteria diseases, that increasing the frequency of antimicrobial use cannot increase AMR in future, and that usage cannot lead to antibiotic residue in broiler-meat products leading to AMR development in human. None of the respondents were aware of any regulation for monitoring antimicrobial use. Significant factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and risk perception of antimicrobial use and resistance among broiler grow-out farmers include marital status, farm category, education, educational specialization, sales target, growth duration/cycle, broiler stocking batch, and feed source. Identified gaps exist in AMR awareness among Nigerian broiler farmers and should be targeted through stakeholders’ participation in combatting AMR threats.

Energy Use Pattern and its Efficiency in Paddy Cultivation in Indian Punjab

Efficient use of energy resources in agriculture is one of the pre-requisites for sustainable agricultural production. Energy intensive paddy cultivation is blamed for several ecological problems of the Indian Punjab. In this backdrop, the present study was carried out to measure the energy use pattern in paddy cultivation across different farm categories along with identification of wasteful uses and calculation of energy use efficiency (EUE) in Punjab during 2018-19. The total energy expended in paddy cultivation was 47014.69 MJ/ha and the average energy use showed an inverse relationship with the farm size. Among different energy sources, chemical fertilizers were the dominant ones (42%) followed by electricity consumption for irrigation (36.05%), machine energy (18%), diesel fuel (17%), human labour (1.36%) and FYM (1.11%).The use of chemical, mechanical and electrical energy varied positively with the farm size while it varied negatively for human and animal labour, seed and FYM. Net energy gain was estimated at 0.175 million MJ/ha. High EI of 6.77 MJ/Kg with a low energy productivity index of 0.148 kg/MJ indicated that there is room for improving energy productivity. The EUE for small farmers (4.98) was the highest. Very high use of NRE and commercial energy was observed which could be harmful to the environment and ecology in the long run.

Economic Assessment and Labour Utilization of Organic Kidney Beans and Black Gram

The present study examined the economics, production, and labour utilization of organic kidney beans and black gram crops. The study is based on 60 organic producers of kidney beans and black gram from the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. Three-stage random sampling was done to collect the data from the respondents. High utilization of human labour was noticed in the case of black gram (64 human days/ha) followed by kidney beans (61 human days/ha) on the overall farm category. The total cost of cultivation of organic kidney beans and black gram per hectare was worked out to be Rs. 39,494 and Rs. 34,676 per farm, respectively. The net income per hectare was Rs. 47,704 and Rs. 23,308 respectively. Organic farming is generally profi table in both pulse crops due to premium prices. The regression analysis has revealed that the coeffi cient of multiple determinations (R2) was 0.53 for organic Kidney beans and 0.55 for black gram were explained by the independent variables. Market surplus of organic kidney beans was 37.57 per cent and 45.11 per cent in black gram, while family consumption of kidney beans and black was 50.89 and 41.64 per cent on overall farms, respectively.

The role of specific prophylaxis in the control of the epizootic process of brucellosis in small ruminants

A retrospective epizootic analysis proves the effectiveness of control of the epizootic process of brucellosis in small ruminants in large public farms with the annual use of live agglutinogenic vaccine from the B. abortus 19 strain (with thesubcutaneous injection method) in dysfunctional and threatened brood flocks. The live agglutinogenic vaccine from the B. melitensis Rev-1 strain, which was officially regulated for single use, turned out to be non-technological, primarily because of reactogenicity, and also because of the short duration of the immunity formed in animals. Most outbreaks of brucellosis currently occur in private small ruminants, which are significantly outnumbered and lack immunity. It is kept in small farms without division into sex and age groups, epizootic and immune categories, and therefore the systematic replacement of compromised animals with healthy ones is ruled out. It is not technologically feasible to use a vaccine from strain 19 in them according to the scheme adopted for large public farms, since in these conditions, it is impossible to distinguish serological reactions of vaccine and infectious nature during mass diagnostic studies of animals. The proposed scheme based on the conjunctival method immunization and reimmunization of animals with a vaccine from a stable agglutinogenic strain B. abortus 19 in a reduced dose, provides the necessary group immunity, as well as unhindered early post-vaccination diagnostics to identify hidden brucella carriers. It is acceptable for all categories of sheep farms, including small private ones.

Производство молока и численность молочного поголовья КРС в регионах ЮФО

Aim. Assess the features of milk production and dairy cattle breeding in the southern regions of Russia in the face of new global external challenges. Materials and Methods. The main scientific method of research is the horizontal and vertical analysis of open statistical reporting posted on the open website of the Federal State Statistics Service, analytical materials of the Dairy Union of Russia. Mathematical extrapolation tools of the Excel program were used for calculations and making forecasts. To formulate the conclusions, the methods of logical analysis, comparison and generalization of the data presented in the calculation materials and press releases were applied. Results. An assessment was made of the dynamics of raw milk production by all categories of dairy farms in Russia over the past 10 years. It has been established that milk production volumes have increased due to intensive milking and animal husbandry technologies, which made it possible to achieve self-sufficiency in milk up to 80%. Modernization of the dairy complex with the most advanced robotic equipment has allowed farms not only to increase milk yield per cow, but also to significantly improve the quality of milking and the quality of the resulting product. Examples of best practice in terms of milk productivity in the conditions of the South of Russia were demonstrated by enterprises of the Krasnodar Territory and the Volgograd Region. An alarming factor is the reduction in the dairy population of animals. Nevertheless, milk production is intensive against the backdrop of a reduction in the number of dairy cattle, but this factor must be taken into account in the future and its impact should be neutralized through a positive trend in the growth of the number of livestock. Conclusion. On the basis of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need for further expansion of state support measures for the industry and the search for options for introducing Russian-selected animals into production in order to reduce import dependence on foreign genetic material and technologies. The emerging positive trend in the production of raw milk must be supported in the future not only by modernizing production, but also by strengthening the production and resource base.

An Ecosystem Service Approach to Assessing Agro-Ecosystems in Urban Landscapes

Creating sustainable urban landscapes in light of growing population pressures requires interdisciplinary multi-functional solutions. Alternative agro-ecosystems described as food forests, permaculture gardens, and/or edible landscapes among others could offer potential ways to address the social, economic, and ecological goals of various stakeholders simultaneously. Current research is lacking a comprehensive tool that can assess the performance of alternative agro-ecosystems that have both functional and aesthetic values. The present research uses a novel rubric, the Permaculture and Agro-ecosystems Sustainability Scorecard (PASS) that combines agricultural sustainability and ecosystem services (ES) indicators in order to assess alternative agro-ecosystems. The rubric evaluates provisioning, regulating, supporting, economic and cultural ES and includes benefits such as pollinator presence, increased biodiversity, alternative pesticides and fertilizer use, carbon sequestration, food security, and human interactions. Based on the concepts and principles drawn from four popular frameworks and sub-disciplines, namely, SAFE, SITES, permaculture, and agroecology, we identify sixteen broad ES indicators and 59 sub-indices and measure them using data collected through site observation, survey, interviews, and documentary research. For easy comparison across different urban agriculture sites, the above sub-indices are further aggregated into five ES criteria using stakeholder-informed weights. The weights are developed through pair-wise comparison of criteria by sample survey respondents. The PASS framework is used to score twelve sites in South Florida that meet specific criteria in the small farm, residential, and public space categories. Sample respondents place the highest weight on cultural services. Contrary to the popular notion of promoting urban agriculture for food security, the results show that the majority of the sites score highest in the supporting services provided, followed by regulating and cultural services, and lowest in the economic services category. The supporting service for most of the sample sites score consistently very high, close to the highest possible level of 5.0. There is a wide variation in provisioning and economic values across the study sites. The paper offers several ideas for mainstreaming the ES indicators into urban planning and decision-making and some of the practical difficulties one might face along the way. We conclude that in order to realize the broader ES benefits of urban agriculture in particular and agro-ecosystems in general, a multi-pronged policy and planning approach is necessary.

Resource Use Efficiency in Apple Production at Himachal Pradesh : A Comparative Study of Different Farm Size

The act of production involves the transformation of inputs into outputs. The relation between inputs and output has been called the production function. As factor inputs are costly and scarce, and the extent of their use on farms has a direct bearing on crop production the case for their efficient use is self-evident. Therefore, it is necessary to study the extent and magnitude of various farm endowments prevailing on farms in different size classes in the study area. The field survey was conducted on 200 farming households of different farm sizes and Apple output and inputs data had been collected from the respondents with the help of Questioner. The Cobb-Douglas production function has been used to Analyze the input-output relation which explains the resource use efficiency of different farm sizes. The study reveals that the land-use efficiency is significant on marginal farms however in human labour it is higher on small farms. The manures and fertilizers results reveal that it is highest and significant on marginal farms however in seeds it turned out to be non-significant in all farm categories. As far as the others are concern it is significant on medium farms at a 1.00 percent significant level.

Socio-economic Analysis among the Farmers Engaged in Sericulture Practices in Jorhat District of Assam, India

Sericulture is profitable and a labour intensive industry with very low input that gives employment generations and regular income to the farmers. Socio-economic factors play an important role in determining the knowledge and adoption levels of sericulture practices for production of eri, muga and mulberry Silk. An investigation has been conducted to know the socio-economic condition of seri farmers in Jorhat and Majuli (undivided) district of Assam. The study revealed that majority of the sericulture farmers of the study are belonged to middle age group (60.00%), high school passed (34.17%), other backward class (OBC) caste (30.84%), small size family (60.83%) and exclusively of farming category (45.83%) as their main occupation. Majority of the respondents are marginal farmers (61.67%) having operational land holding of below 1 hector, annual income (37.50%) were in the range of Rs.35001 to Rs.75000/-. About 50% of the respondents involved in eri culture, muga culture (25%) and in mulberry culture. (25%), have medium level of source of extension contact (67.50%), medium level of risk bearing ability (78.33%) and medium level of decision making ability (79.17%) and 42.50 % of the farmers got training exposure to sericulture practices. The study indicates that Sericulture can come out as the most vital opening, in generating income among the farmers in rural areas. Most of the farmers involved in sericultural activities have minimum educational qualification, so government and state sericulture department can organize effective training and development activities along with the line departments to uplift socio-economic status of the seri farmers in rural areas.

Competitiveness in the Horticultural Market of Ukraine

Competitiveness generally characterises the relative advantages in the market according to various quantitative and qualitative criteria and ultimately affects the development of its market conditions and the overall food supply of the population. Therefore, the study of competitiveness in the horticultural market in terms of production and sales volumes, prices, quality, and pomological varieties is quite important. The establishment of relative indicators of competitive advantages in the fruit and berry market determines favourable positions by various operators of economic relations. The purpose of the study consists in determining competitiveness in the fruit and berry market using relative indicators for comparing preferences in terms of the volume of the supply of fruits and berries by different categories of farms, prices, and pomological varieties. The research was guided by methodological approaches to determining the competitiveness of agricultural products in the Ukrainian agricultural market. At the same time, the following methods were used: dialectical method of cognition of market processes and a systematic approach, analytical generalisations, statistical comparison, constructive and computational, abstract and logical method. Based on comparative indicators of competitiveness of horticultural products in the Ukrainian market, the level of market competition of agricultural enterprises and households is estimated: the coefficient of market competition and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of market concentration. It is established that according to the first level of concentration of the industrial sector, the Ukrainian fruit market is in the low concentration group. Another indicator defined for households indicates a low concentration, high competition, a sufficient number of operators, and a weak position of each of them. In terms of fruit and berry production, Ukrainian producers are more competitive than importers. In terms of prices, agricultural producers and importers had competitive advantages. Competitive pomological varieties of fruits and berries for producers, traders, and consumers are determined based on calculations of competitive advantages and author’s study of the trade and consumer sectors. The competitiveness of various categories of farms in the horticultural market, competitive advantages in terms of production volumes, prices, and pomological varieties of fruits and berries are determined from the standpoint of the need to rationally provide the needs of the population with high-quality food products and further market development. The findings should be used in the creation of a target programme for the development of the food market for a long-term period aimed primarily at the rational provision of food products competitive in price and quality to the population of Ukraine.

Evaluating the environmental performance of orange production in Veracruz, Mexico: A life cycle assessment approach

Mexico is the fifth largest producer of orange worldwide, and it is expected to increase its production in the following years. Environmental impacts of orange cultivation have been previously described in major orange-producing countries, except for Mexico. This paper aims to assess the environmental performance of orange production in Veracruz, Mexico's largest orange producer state, through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. A cradle-to-farm gate assessment was performed based on a functional unit of 1 ton of fresh orange. The system boundaries considered the environmental impacts of cultivation and harvesting of oranges, as well as impacts derived from the production of required inputs. Primary data was gathered from three municipalities within the Martinez and Tuxpan regions, and complemented using agricultural models to develop the life cycle inventory. Two farm categories were considered: the first based on the production system (conventional and organic), and the latter based on farm size (high and medium production); the obtained data was subsequently arranged into weighted averages. The environmental impacts were assessed using the CML-IA baseline impact methodology, plus the CED method and a water consumption quantification based on the life cycle inventories. Furthermore, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify trends between systems and detect impact hotspots. Results indicate that conventional orange production has a higher impact than organic production in most of the assessed impacts, especially on GWP, AP, EP, and HTP, mainly caused by production and use of fertilizers. The environmental impacts related to upstream processes are the major contributors to the environmental impacts of organic orange production. This paper's contribution lies in broadening the LCA literature for fruit products in developing countries, characterizing orange producers based on crop system and farm size, and proposing the PCA tool for the interpretation of LCA results.

Forecasting the level of crop yields in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

Scientific article defines the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of crop production and agricultural production, including productivity. The structure of production of the main types of crop production in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic by categories of farms as a percentage of the total production has been studied. It has been established that the main types of crop production are grain, sunflower seeds, potatoes, and vegetables. The volume of production of the main types of crop production in farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2020 increased compared to the previous year. Productivity is the most important indicator reflecting the level of intensification of agricultural production. The quality of the planned economic level largely depends on the correct planning and forecasting of the level of crop yields. An analysis of yields in farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2020 made it possible to establish that sunflower has the highest yield growth rate, and vegetable production has significantly decreased. The production of potatoes and vegetables in households in 2020 increased in relation to the volume of agricultural production. The production of grain and vegetables in peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs in 2020 decreased in relation to the volume of agricultural production. In farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, an additional increase in productivity is predicted due to the introduction of innovative technologies in crop production.

The use of small-sized tractors in agriculture

The most complex and expensive machines on the agricultural machinery market are tractors and combines. The number of agricultural tractors produced in Russia in 2019 amounted to 3,798 units, but only 38.7 of them are domestic, and 61.3% are foreign cars assembled in Russia. All tractors are classified according to purpose, type of propulsion unit and type of frame. By the type of mover, wheeled and tracked tractors are the most common. Wheeled tractors are easy to manufacture, operate, maintain, have a lower cost, and are more versatile. Caterpillar tractors, in turn, are more effective on waterlogged and loose soils, since, due to the larger support area, they have less impact on the ground. The share of small-scale enterprises in gross agricultural production in 2020 increased to 14.3% due to the implementation of state programs for the development of small agribusiness. This category of farms produces about a third of the total volume of grain - 39.4 million tons. Despite the significant role of small-scale enterprises in the agricultural economy of Russia, this category of farms is not sufficiently provided with the necessary agricultural machinery, such as small tractors with the necessary attachments. Moreover, the demand for domestically produced mini tractors is growing every year due to their versatility, operational reliability and ease of maintenance. The lack of mini-tractors in the consumer market forces farmers to use tractors of traction class 1.4 and 2 in the production of products, which leads to excessive pressure on the ground, its overcompaction and destruction of the structure. In addition, on small-area fields with difficult terrain for the operation of equipment, it is impossible to fully implement the efficiency of tractors of this traction class. These factors substantiate the need for further development and manufacture of mini-tractors, taking into account existing global trends, such as the use of artificial intelligence, which includes decision support systems, expert systems, autonomous robots and robotic systems, as well as unmanned units.

Development of information and consulting services in the system of information relations in the agricultural industry of the Kyrgyz Republic

Information relations in agricultural sector of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) needs further development based on the digitalization processes taking place in the society. Spread of COVID-19 pandemic introduced a number of economic adjustments to the country’s digital interactions, which significantly influenced the development of information and consulting services in the industry. Cooperation of the Kyrgyz Republic with the states of the Eurasian Economic Union presupposes close interaction on issues of regulation of the common agricultural market and development of international trade in the field of agriculture, which also affects digitalization of the country’s economy. The paper presents the results of methodological study on development of information and consulting services in the agricultural sector, analysis of organizational structure of the country’s agriculture according to categories of farms, and entities requiring these services have been determined. Recommendations are proposed for digitalization of the industry, taking into account development of information and consulting services, based on the current state of agricultural production, as son as the main consumers of information services turn to be peasant (farmer) households as the main producers of agricultural products. Building a system of information and consulting services will contribute to development of its own market for agricultural products, processing information from agricultural producers and consumers of agricultural products, creating profitable trade relations and marketing of agricultural products.

Towards a Deeper Understanding of Agricultural Production Systems in Sweden – Linking Farmer’s Logics with Environmental Consequences and the Landscape

Farm restructuring is a continuous on-going process supported by national agricultural policy in Sweden; while striving for more efficient farms in terms of labor and yields, farms enlarge their holdings of arable land and animals. The environmental consequences of more intensive land uses have in turn stimulated environmental policies to deal with negative environmental consequences. In this paper we argue that an underlying problem with both of these policy approaches is that they primarily emphasize specific components of farms and fail to see the farm as an interconnected system. In this paper we therefore focus on the farm as a ‘system’ and on the systemic role of farming in the broader landscape. We develop a theoretical framework of farming logics which help to better understand agricultural production systems. Drawing on 34 semi-structured interviews with farmers, we divide the farms into three farming logic categories: I) ‘production vanguards’; II) ‘landscape stewards’; and III) ‘environmental vanguards’. We use these categories to analyze the role of key aspects such as size, intensity of production, specialisation, how farmer preferences and knowledge influence land use systems, and interactions of these with the local landscape. The findings show how farms that on the one hand share some basic characteristics can display quite different farming logics and vice versa. We argue that these farming logics offer a potentially positive diversity in farming approaches, with complementary and mutually dependent roles in Sweden’s overall food system.

Technical efficiency and economic viability of fish culture under cold water production environment of Kashmir

This study examines the progress and economic viability of trout and crap fish culture under cold water environment of Kashmir valley. Results revealed a significant progress in the encouragement of fish culture especially in Kashmir. Trout and carp culture is capital intensive but their production is highly profitable compared to cultivation of commercial crops. Regression estimates revealed that the expenditure on fingerlings has contributed significantly in the improvement of yield levels of fishes while as the feed cost has been a positive and significant determinant of trout yield. There are wide technological gaps in the input use in both trout and carp culture though the gap was relatively lesser for farm category who have participated in extension events. A majority of fish farmers falls between 31 to 75% technical efficiency level. Regression analysis indicated important role of literacy, extension participation and female workers in the enhancement of technical efficiency in fish culture. Fish farmers brought out number of pushing and pulling factors associated with fish culture in Kashmir valley. Based upon findings, this study put forth few policy options for the encouragement of aquaculture in the valley including need for HRD and institutional role for the creation of marketing logistics.

Economic efficiency of goat farming in cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu

A study was conducted to analyse the economic and technical efficiency of goat farming in Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India. The primary data were collected by interviewing 180 goat farmers selected by multi-stage random sampling using pre-tested interview schedules during January to April 2017. The sample comprised of 87 small farmers (<5 goats), 78 medium farmers (6 to 15 goats) and 15 large farmers (>15 goats). The total fixed investments for goat farming were Rs. 14055.16 (small farmer), Rs. 29136.40 (medium farmer) and Rs. 70826.60 (large farmer). The total gross returns per farm for the above categories were Rs. 6241.94, Rs. 9607.04 and Rs. 12910.11, respectively. Overall, goat farming yielded a total return and net return of Rs. 10496.38 and Rs. 6248.92 per farm per annum, respectively. The break-even analysis revealed that small farmers required to produce 20.60 kg of chevon annually to reach break-even point, 51.02 kg and 222.96 kg by medium and large farmers, respectively. The ratio of marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) for flock size, labour charges, medicine and vaccination charges were more than unity in all the categories of the farms, which indicated under-utilization of resources. The stochastic frontier production function analysis revealed that labour charges had significant (p<0.01) positive influence on the chevon production in all categories of farms. The average technical efficiencies were 74.65,83.41,86.54 and 80.36% in small, medium, large and overall categories of farms respectively. The sub-optimal technical and resource use efficiency warrants scientific management practices among goatfarmers.

Прогнозирование производства масличного льна (льна-кудряша)

The article analyzes the current level of production and processing of curly flax seeds. Much attention is paid to the issues of yield and gross yield of curly flax by categories of farms, as well as in the territorial context. A model for forecasting gross harvests from yield and sown areas is proposed.

Specialization and diversification as adaptive strategies for smallholder dairy farming systems providing a formal milk chain in Indonesia

Smallholder dairy farms encounter challenges in minimal production factors that result in a lack of family income. They react differently to these limits by combining on-farm and off-farm activities (diversifying activity), concentrating exclusively on milk production (specializing activity), or leaving the dairy production to secure family livelihood. As far as adaptive strategies are concerned, they may affect milk production growth at the farm and national levels. We performed an observational case study in the West Java Province (Indonesia) to resolve those problems. We gathered information in two phases: a systematic survey (May to September 2015) to 355 farms and an in-depth interview (January to April 2017) with 20 farms. Our result distinguishes four categories of farms, along with a very small specialized dairy farm (T1), a combination of the dairy farm off-farm activity with very limited land (T2), a small specialized dairy farm (T3), and a mixed crop-dairy farm (T4). The technical-economic value varies depending on the farm type. The six trajectories prevail. The main change was the addition of off-farm activities for poor farmers. Farms in the development trajectory, two strategies coexist between the dairy production system's specialization and the mixed crops-dairy system. In conclusion, this study underscored each farm trajectory's different attributes and drivers. The study also underlined the importance of the initial capital of smallholders to illustrate their future farm trajectory.

Role of livestock in sustainable agriculture for food security

The livestock sector plays a special role in the formation of the rural economy and the life of society, performing a wide range of different functions. Agriculture, as a result of its activities, provides new jobs, in connection with which unemployment is reduced, there is also a decrease in rural migration, there is a change in the competitive environment, as a result of which the needs of the food market are being satisfied. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of animal husbandry on the development of the territory of the Kurgan region is the goal of our study. The article examines the development trends of the industry on the example of the Kurgan region. The influence of the development of animal husbandry on the provision of food security in the region has been studied. Such indicators as the volume of agricultural products for all types of categories, livestock, production of basic livestock products by categories of farms in the Kurgan region for 2016-2020 were considered and analyzed.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПУТИ СОХРАНЕНИЯ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПЛЕМЕННЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОМ ОВЦЕВОДСТВЕ

The article notes insignificant differences in the complex of valuable economic and useful characteristics between animals of various categories of breeding and other farms, which does not allow to increase the productivity of sheep on a national scale. One of the reasons for this is that practically in most breeding farms of all categories, different types of crosses are used, and the breeding advantages of crossbreeds are known to be low.