Fancy Yarns Research Articles

Investigation of comfort characteristics of knitted fabric produced from neppy yarn

Fabric made from fancy yarn, especially neppy yarn has a great environmental impact because the fabric does not need any additional dyeing process. This study involved knitting neppy yarn of two distinct spinning processes, vortex and ring spinning, each having three different percentages of neps. The comfort properties of six different fabrics were evaluated by analyzing various parameters, including moisture management properties, water vapor transmission rate, air permeability, hand feel properties, and bursting strength. Microscopic views were also examined for analyzing the physical appearance of the fabric’s surface. The experimental results revealed that fabrics made from vortex-spun neppy yarn (VSNY) exhibit better moisture management, breathability, and hand feel properties than ring-spun neppy yarn (RSNY). Alternatively, bursting strength and water vapor evaporation rate showed a lower trend in fabrics made from vortex-spun neppy yarn. The research findings contribute valuable insights into the potential of vortex spinning techniques for sustainable and comfortable textile production.

Research on Siro fancy yarn properties based on the novel drafting rubber roller

Due to the intimate relationship with the yarn’s properties, rubber rollers are an integral component of the drafting process. An innovative method for generating colored Siro yarns with regularly variable linear density is discussed in this article. To manufacture Siro yarns, the procedure includes altering the rubber rollers on a ring-spinning machine. By modifying the sorts of back-top rubber rollers and including roving slivers of different hues, this form of Siro yarns may be manufactured. These alterations to the shape of the rubber rollers produce exquisite yarn. Due to the employment of rubber rollers with dynamically varying diameters, a jaw with an imperfect engagement is formed. This leads to an incomplete draft, which forms a coarse knot with a continuous variance in yarn density along the yarn length direction. The Siro fancy yarns are spun using two distinct colors of roving slivers and drafting multiples. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of two rubber rollers of different diameters on the coarse knot cycles, the rear zone drafting multiplier, and the linear density of slub Siro colored yarns.

EFFECT OF SLUB PARAMETERS ON YARN UNEVENNESS, HAIRINESS AND STRENGHT PROPERTIES OF SLUB YARNS

In this study yarn unevenness, diameter variation, hairiness and strength properties of slub yarns with various slub structures were investigated. The yarns (Ne20) in different slub thickness (1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8), slub length (1 – 3, 5 – 7 and 10 – 12 cm.), slub frequency (0.5, 3 and 6 pcs/m) and slub ramp length (1, 2 and 4 cm.) were produced from PET fibers. The multipopulation slub yarn which have two-slub length was also spun. The measurements of the yarns were made on the Fancy Yarn Profile of the Uster Tester 5 and the Uster Tensojet devices. The values of the test result were analyzed and evaluated statically. The slub parameters were found significant effect on the unevenness and strength properties of the yarns. As the slub thickness, slub length and frequency increased, the yarn unevenness, hairiness increased and the yarn strength decreased. Ramp length was found statistically significant for yarn breaking strength and elongation.

Bioinspired and Hierarchically Textile‐Structured Soft Actuators for Healthcare Wearables

AbstractSoft pneumatic actuators possess the increasing potential for various healthcare applications, such as smart wearable devices, safe human‐robot interaction, and flexible manipulators. However, it is difficult to translate the existing technologies to commercial applications due to their inefficient volumetric power, sophisticated control with high operation pressure, slow production, and high cost. To overcome these issues, herein, a caterpillar‐inspired actuator using hierarchical textile architectures based on simple fabrication and low‐cost strategy is designed. Unlike the existing textile‐based pneumatic actuators, the designed actuators are constructed by combining boucle fancy yarns with a novel trilayer‐knit architecture. The as‐prepared actuators concurrently possess fast response (1100° s−1), large bending actuation strain (1080° m−1), high‐power density (272 W m−3), mechanical robustness, easy‐programmable motions, and human‐tactile comfort, which outperforms currently reported textile‐based pneumatic actuators. Furthermore, due to the geometrical transition of the engineered hierarchical structure, the developed actuators exhibit superior dual‐stiffness effect with stress evolution, providing a facile approach to addressing the conflict of flexibility and force output in soft fluidic actuators. This concept as a paradigm provides new insights to develop soft actuators with outstanding design flexibility, adaptability, and multifunctionality using engineered textile‐structure, which has great potential for real‐world applications in medical rehabilitation, physiotherapy, and soft robotics.

Effect of Spinning Triangle and Production Speed of Hollow-Spindle System on the Bouclé Yarn Structure

This study aims to show the impact of both the width of the base of the spinning triangle and the production speeds of hollow-spindle spinning machines on the structure of ultimate multiple-thread-structure bouclé yarns and similar fancy yarns. A hollow-spindle spinning machine was used and bouclé yarns were made of a core thread, an effect thread and a (multifilament) binder. Initially, five bouclé yarns were made by setting the widths of the base of the spinning triangle at five levels, i.e. 4.5 mm, 7.5 mm, 10 mm, 13 mm and 16 mm. A further six bouclé yarns were made to show the changes that occur to the spinning triangle at various production speeds. The resulting fancy bouclé yarns were assessed by measuring the size, number and circularity ratio of bouclé profiles. It was found that at low production speeds, i.e. at start-up, that the spinning triangle was unstable, which adversely affected the structure of the final bouclé yarns. However, at production speeds higher than 17 m/min, the spinning triangle became stable, though such a stable spinning triangle had no impact on the structure of the resulting fancy bouclé yarns. The results of this study may help fancy yarn manufacturers to avoid making defective fancy yarns.

Antibacterial, Scalable Manufacturing, Skin-Attachable, and Eco-Friendly Fabric Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Sensing

Textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs) are an indispensable cornerstone of new wearable electronics. However, the manufacturing processes of T-TENGs usually involve complex chemical processes and expensive materials. The friction materials utilized in these T-TENGs generally come from nonrenewable resources. Here, we report the development of the scalable fabrication of a flexible, skin-attachable, and eco-friendly fabric triboelectric nanogenerator (FTENG) with satisfactory comfort and excellent antibacterial properties by introducing eco-friendly green materials, Tencel and chitosan fibers. The yarn triboelectric nanogenerator (YTENG) fabricated by a scalable fancy yarn spinning technology using Tencel and chitosan fibers exhibits high flexibility, small diameter, low weight, high scalability, and productivity as well as low cost, which contribute to the widespread application of T-TENGs. Benefiting from the excellent compatibility of YTENGs, automatic weaving for producing such FTENGs is demonstrated. The output voltage, current, and power density of a fabricated FTENG operating at a single-electrode mode can reach 31.3 V, 1.8 μA, and 15.8 mW/m2, respectively, by applying a 3 Hz mechanical drive of 100 N with a size of 5 × 5 cm2. Such FTENGs have been used as self-powered sensors for body motion monitoring. This study presents a novel and sustainable strategy for the development of eco-friendly T-TENGs.

Comparison of the airflow characteristics and yarn properties between conventional and dual-feed-opening rotor spinning units

In order to explore the differences between conventional and dual-feed-opening rotor spinning units (RSUs), this work compares the airflow characteristics of two RSU models utilizing a computational fluid dynamics simulation model with the accuracy verified by airflow behavior observation and air pressure measurement. The effect of two different opening roller speeds on the airflow field distribution of a dual-feed-opening model is also investigated. In addition, the yarn properties of six pure and blended yarns corresponding to the two RSU models are evaluated. The results reveal that the distributions of airflow velocity vector and air pressure in the two RSU models show a strong similarity under the same boundary conditions. However, the dual-feed-opening model possesses a centrosymmetric and more balanced airflow field distribution compared to the conventional model. In addition, the dual-feed-opening yarns show a superior performance in comparison to the conventional yarns. Furthermore, for the dual-feed-opening model, there are equivalent contributions of two separated opening and fiber transmission systems to the airflow field distribution and yarn formation. Compared to the configuration with the same two opening roller speeds, the dual-feed-opening model configured with two different opening roller speeds obtains an improved blended yarn performance with having few effects on the airflow characteristics. This strength of the dual-feed-opening RSU could facilitate the production of blended and fancy yarns employing the fibers with diverse properties. This study could provide some guidelines for the manufacture of rotor-spun yarns and the future design of RSUs.

Permeability properties of woven fabrics containing two-ply fancy yarns

The basic intention of the presented research is to analyse the permeability properties of woven fabrics containing two-ply fancy yarns in the weft direction. Within the framework of presented research, two-ply fancy yarns were analysed. Because of their structure, they are classified as fancy yarns with structural effects. The first analysed two-ply fancy yarn is made of the mixture of 81% cotton and 19% viscose. The second is made of the mixture of 67% viscose and 33% flax. For the purpose of the presented research, woven fabrics containing two-ply fancy yarn were made in three different densities in weft (10 threads per cm, 13 threads per cm, and 16 threads per cm) in the twill weave T 1/3 Z. The theoretical part includes the historical development of the production of the fancy yarns, a detailed discussion of the ring production processes, the types and the structure of the fancy yarns, their use, and the global and European market of the fancy yarns. The experimental part consists of three parts. In the first part, the structural properties of the analysed fancy yarns were researched (the fineness of the fancy yarn, the frequency of repeating the effects per one meter of the yarn, the direction of twisting the fancy yarn, the number of the twists of the basic and the effective part, the diameter of the fibers, the diameter of the basic and the effective part, the fineness of individual components, the direction of the twist of individual components, and the percentage of the inside twist of individual components). In the second part, constructional properties of the analysed woven fabrics with the fancy yarn in the weft were researched (mass, thickness, the density of the warp and weft threads, and openness of the surface). In the third part, permeability properties of the analysed woven fabrics with the fancy yarn in the weft were researched where greater attention was paid to air permeability and water vapour permeability. The results of the research showed that the samples with the first two-ply fancy yarn in the weft (81% cotton and 19% viscose) have greater air permeability and water vapour permeability. Meanwhile, the samples with the second two-ply fancy yarn in the weft (67% viscose and 33% flax) have lesser abrasion resistance and poorer dimensional stability while being washed.

Appearance change for colored spun yarn fabric based on image color transfer

The fabric of colored spun yarn has ever-changing appearances and styles with different fancy yarns. The fabric image is commonly designed by the designer using the software, which needs complex user interactions and difficult image segmentation. In this paper, a modified color transfer method was proposed to generate the fabric appearance of colored spun yarn. Given the color card as the target image, the style fabric image was matched as the reference image based on the dominant luminance. After transferring the two images to lαβ color space, Wavelet transform and luminance sampling were utilized to filter the redundant high-frequency information and select the representative pixels, respectively. Then, the chromatic channels were transferred based on the best matched luminance and the neighborhood relation. Finally, the image after color transfer was reconstructed by wavelet reconstruction. The proposed reference image matching maintained the result to be the ground truth. For the samples selected, the combined methods based on wavelet transform and luminance sampling improved the efficiency and performance of the proposed scheme. Experiments were conducted on different fabrics with different colors and styles. Experiments demonstrated the validity and superiority of the proposed method, which can provide referential assistance for the designer and save considerable amounts of labor.

Texture features extraction of multi-coloured fancy yarn

In the present work, a framework of extracting important texture features of multi-coloured fancy yarns is proposed. Aself-developed image capturing apparatus is used to record the image of fancy yarn. Subsequently, the captured digitalimages are processed to produce spatially corresponding pixel points to reconstruct digital images of the object,including image greying, filtering and morphology processing. At last, different segmentation methods are used to extractthe texture features of fancy yarns, and the optimal segmentation method to each kind of fancy yarn is analysed.

Inspection and feature specification of the fancy yarns using diffraction limited incoherent imaging

Chenille yarn features (pile yarn length, twist, hairiness, defect length, coefficient of diameter variation) were determined by diffraction limited incoherent imaging (DLIM) allowing to simulate sensor plane irradiance. The predicted image irradiance used in determining these features were obtained by deconvolving the captured image irradiance with incoherent point spread function designated by rectangular aperture. In twist values obtained by proposed DLIM, mean absolute relative error (|RE|mean) was determined as 0.822% by comparing Uster Twist Tester results. The DLIM in determining diameter provided better results with 0.8194% |RE|mean, compared to that 2.044% of optoelectronic method. The determination of hairiness fibers exceeding the ordinary lengths of pile yarns using Fourier domain high pass filtering (HPF) whose size is designated by the cut-off frequencies is proposed. These cut-off frequencies were determined in response to mean diameters obtained by image processing. The results of hairiness indices of HPF were compared with image processing results.

Characterization of twist of fancy yarns using wavelet analysis of sensor signal

Yarn twist variations may cause stripes in the direction of weft yarns or local defects on a fabric surface. Since fast Fourier transform and time analysis cannot directly detect local frequency variations of yarn signal and defect sensors are designed to detect the diameter decreases without considering frequency analysis, no data associated with twist-related frequency changes can be obtained when inspecting Chenille yarn (Cy) defects. This study proposes the prediction of twist level ( T) and twist variations ( ΔT) of Cy whose twist changes in accordance with the spatial period of pile density by using wavelet analysis, allowing localized frequency variations to be obtained. Complex-valued Paul wavelet was used to determine the ΔT of signals with small frequency fluctuations, while Morlet wavelet was addressed for signals with high frequency change. The relation of the signal frequency to the pile yarn density and, correspondingly, twist was modeled by equations. To prevent discontinuities in wavelet cross-spectrum (WCS), the twist simulation signal was generated by equalizing twist oscillation amplitudes without changing their phase. To compare ideal twist to the local twist, another simulation signal demonstrating the ideal twist at sample-specific frequency was generated. The WCS of the simulation signals allowing the segmentation of variation intervals was used for determining ΔT and yarn portions, where the twist is compatible with ideal twist, by establishing correlation between scales and twists. For yarn samples with various T and ΔT types, the T and ΔT results obtained by the proposed wavelet-based algorithm showed the mean absolute relative percentage errors of 1.617% and 37.062%, respectively.

Relationship between the Interaction of Bending Stiffness of Component Yarns and the Structure of Fancy Bouclé and Semi-bouclé Yarns

This article investigates how the bending stiffness of the core thread and the effect threads affect the average values and the variability of the structural properties of resultant fancy yarns. The Design of Experiment technique was used to study the effects of individual factors and the interactions of factors. The analysis indicated that that the bending stiffness of the effect thread was a main factor. Increases in the effect thread bending stiffness led to significant increases of the size of fancy profile and reductions of the number of fancy profiles. Additionally, there was a strong interaction effect between the bending stiffness of the core thread and the bending stiffness of the effect thread which influenced the structures of the resultant fancy yarns. It was also found that variations in the bending stiffness of the input threads were reflected in similar variations in the size and number of fancy profiles. The study is important for engineering the structure and the variation in structural properties of fancy yarns by selecting appropriate input threads.

Structural Ratio of Multi-thread Fancy Yarn: Interaction Effect of Both the Number of Wraps and the Overfeed Ratio on Fancy Bouclé Yarn Structure

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to present the Structural Ratio of Multi-thread Fancy Yarn as one parameter that accounts for the interaction pattern between the number of wraps and the overfeed ratio. The fancy yarns were made on a hollow-spindle spinning machine and the experiment was based on a full-factorial experimental design. It was found that increasing both the overfeed ratio and the number of wraps at the same time increased the Number of Fancy Profiles, while the Size of Fancy Profile was reduced. Further, the type of fancy profiles was changing such that the structural ratio of multi-thread bouclé yarn should be between 0.88 and 1.2wpm. Lower values were suitable to make generic overfed fancy yarns while higher values were suitable to make gimp yarns. This study is the first study to account for such an aspect of fancy yarn structure.

Experimental study on the spinning geometry of multi-thread fancy yarn on hollow-spindle spinning machines

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define the relationships between the structure of multi-thread fancy yarns and the combination of the rotational speed of the hollow-spindle spinning system and thickness and stiffness of the effect component.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, two groups of fancy yarns were made using stiff and soft effect threads and at six different machine settings.FindingsIt was found that the stiff effect thread was suitable to make fancy yarns at low rotational speeds, while the thickness of the effect threads was more important than its stiffness at low number of wraps. Additionally, even when using the same number of wraps and the overfeed ratio, a bouclé yarn, a gimp yarn, a wavy yarn or a loop yarn may results if the thickness and stiffness of the effect thread and the rotational speed were all controlled properly.Originality/valueThis study helps fancy yarn spinners to determine the type of final fancy yarns by controlling the spinning geometry in the first spinning zone.

Study of maximum tensile strength of fancy yarns using the design of experiments

This study was conducted to identify the factors and the interactions which affect the maximum load of multi-thread fancy yarns. The objectives of this research was to identify the relative contribution of each factor and interaction leading to the maximisation of the tensile strength. The fancy yarns were made on a hollow-spindle spinning machine. The experimental design of this study had seven factors – with two levels each and was repeated five times. It was found that using two single yarns, instead of a similar two-ply yarn, for the core component increased the value of maximum load. The effect component contributed positively to the load only when it was a three-ply cotton yarn rather than a three-ply bamboo yarn since the former had interactions with the core and the binder. Excessive wraps reduced the maximum load. The effect of the overfeed ratio on the maximum load was weak. The manufacturing process in general had low levels of variability. This research is important because it contributes to a broader understanding to the effect of seven factors on the structure, quality, and mechanical properties of multi-thread fancy yarn.

Multisection color-blended wool yarn produced by a new three-channel spinning method

By dynamically controlling the feeding amount and feeding ratio of the three feeding rollers with program logical control system under the requirements of yarn spinning parameters, it is possible to effectively configure the final yarn density and the blending ratio of three components to produce multisegment gradient yarns, segment-color yarn, and segment-color slub yarn named as multisegment blending yarns. The yarn-spinning new method was proposed. Different kinds of fancy yarns including gradient yarns, segment color yarns, and slub yarns were produced. The fiber blending effects were demonstrated by slices of yarn cross section, and the surface morphology of yarns were figured out by the photo of yarns. Integrally knitting seamless sweater and different type of pattern were designed and knitted by multisegment blending yarns. The free change of colors along the length direction on a single yarn provides an effective method for integrated rapid design and production of sweaters through mutual design of the overall pattern and the structure of the fabric.

Fatigue Life Prediction of Knitted Fabrics Made of Cotton Yarns – A Statistical Approach

In the present paper, an assessment of the fatigue life of knitted (or knit) fabrics made of cotton yarns is discussed. Based on experimental investigations performed, the characteristics of material deterioration and damage were determined taking into account the direction of product elongation due to applied sine wave changing forces (sinusoidal loading). Aiming for a precise and adequate description of the phenomena occurring in the materials considered, a statistical approach to modelling and outcome analyses has been utilised. In the case of all knitted fabrics analysed, fatigue lives along the columns for both cases of tested yarns considered were higher than those related to the direction of rows of the knitted fabric. Fluctuated (variable) loading has a crucial influence on the deterioration of knitted fabrics, causing their damage. Within the process of fatigue damage to knitted fabrics, it was possible to observe the zone of reinforcement of threads in plait within the range of high-cycle loadings. Within the damage final phase, displacements of threads in plait are observed, which cause their separation and finally breakage of the product. Former investigations of the authors concerned similar statistical models for smooth and fancy yarns. The present work constitutes some additional investigations and assessment of fatigue life in relation to flat textile products. It was proven that the derived statistical models of fatigue life proposed are entirely suitable for the description of phenomena which happen to flat textile products during the damage process.

Studying the Tensile Properties at the First Break of Multiple-Yarn Structure Fancy Gimp Yarns Using the Design of Experiments

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to identify the factors and the interactions, which affect the load and elongation at the first break of gimp yarns. The experimental design had seven factors: two levels each. It was found that using two single yarns, instead of a similar ply yarn, for the core component, caused the increase of values of load and elongation at the first break. The effect component contributed positively to the load and elongation when it was a cotton yarn rather than a bamboo yarn. This study contributes to a broader understanding of process–structure–property relationships of fancy yarn.

The influence of component stiffness on the structure of multi-thread fancy bouclé yarn

This study examines the relationships between the structure of fancy bouclé yarns and the bending stiffness of the input threads that are used to make those fancy yarns. Four fancy bouclé yarns and an extra two confirmation bouclé yarns were made to test the impact of the bending stiffness of the effect input threads. Six fancy yarns were made to test the impact of bending stiffness of the core thread on the fancy yarn structure. The structure of the fancy yarn was defined by the number of fancy profiles, the size of fancy profile, the circularity ratio of fancy profile and the shape factor of fancy yarn. It was found that increasing the value of the stiffness of the effect thread increased the size of fancy profile but decreased both the number of fancy profiles and the shape factor of fancy yarn. Those relationships were represented by regression models that were significant at α = 0.10. The deviation between the theoretical values and the real values was −14.39% and 2.07%. Further, up to a value of 8.636 g mm2, the bending stiffness of the core thread appeared not to have an effect on the structure of the fancy yarns. This study is important as it is the first that accounts statistically for the impact of bending stiffness of the input threads on the structure of the resultant fancy yarns. Therefore, it aids fancy yarn manufacturers when designing fancy yarns with predicted structures.