Fan Belt Research Articles

Measuring and Modeling Mechanical Ventilation for Long-Term Environmental Monitoring in Large Commercial Laying Hen House.

Determining ventilation rates in commercial animal buildings has been technically challenging. This study aimed to develop an innovative method and a ventilation model and provide new insights into animal building ventilation. A layer house with 46 fans was studied over six months. A full-size and fast-response portable fan tester was developed for on-site fan ventilation measurement. Results indicated that the house differential pressures (dP) varied from +10.4 to <-100.0 Pa but remained between -10 and -30 Pa for 75.7% of the time. The mean house dP was -18.1 ± 8.9 Pa (mean ± standard deviation). Fan rotational speeds ranged from 495 to 580 rpm, with an average of 555 ± 14 rpm. Daily mean house ventilation rates ranged from 1800 to 22,142 m3 min-1, averaging 4.68 m3 h-1 per hen. This study concluded that house dP can be greatly affected by strong winds in addition to fan operations and air inlet openings. Fan rotational speeds are influenced by pulley sizes and fan belt maintenance. On-site fan tests with the fan tester can generate reliable data for fan ventilation characterization. Fan models that incorporate both fan rotational speeds and differential pressures considerably improve ventilation rate calculations.

Rancang Bangun Miniatur Crane Berbasis Motor 220v AC

A crane is a tool used to make it easier and easier to move and lift goods. This research aims to find a solution when the Joy Stick experiences sudden troubleshooting, how to overcome it, and prevent accidents while working. The creation of this tool is a miniature ship crane using a 220V Ac motor where the fan belt is the connecting part of the movement and can be controlled via a Joy stick. The design of this AC motor control system entirely uses the ESP32 microcontroller as the brain to be able to carry out slewing, luffing and hoisting movements. Researchers used research and development research methods to create and develop this crane prototype with the aim of producing and developing a crane prototype that is effective, efficient and easier to maintain. The test results of this prototype can carry out slewing movements to the left and right with a limit of 800, luffing movements upwards with a limit of 800 and hoisting.

Application of a full-scale electrocatalytic reactor as real batik printing wastewater treatment by indirect oxidation process

Batik printing wastewater is mainly characterized by toxic dyes; hence an effective treatment technology with simple operation is needed as a suitable solution. Electrochemical-based advanced oxidation process is a simple and easy method to degrade dyes without generating any harmful sludge as by-products. A full-scale electrocatalytic reactor was constructed as a sub-set of 6 tubes (1.2m3) to treat actual batik printing wastewater; Ti/RuIrO2 electrode is designated as anode and stainless steel plate as cathode. The electrodes were positioned vertically with electrode gap of 30mm and evenly installed inside the tubes. Surface-area-to-volume ratio (S/V) was 6.28m−1. Each tube was equipped with single motor mixer using a fan belt. Optimum operational parameters were investigated, i.e., hydraulic retention time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180min), electrolyte (salt) concentration (2500, 3000, 3500, 4000mgL−1) and initial pH (3, 5, 7, 9); color and COD was used as indicators of process efficiency. Reactor achieved a complete decolourization and COD reduction of 60.8% at potential of 5V, HRT of 120min, salt concentration of 4000mgL−1 and pH 5. Three intermediate products were detected after electrodegradation with particular m/z values of 388, 300, and 256. The specific design and configuration of reactor employed in this research resulted in voltage and energy losses of 15.35% and 15.25%, respectively.

Cull, '27 Break

Cull, '27 Break Emily J. Stinson (bio) Four o'clock, opening day of dove season in the Mississippi Delta, and we haven't seen one bird. Even in a baited field, the birds aren't biting. "Must be on account of all the rain," I say, because I can't think of another reason. You nod, load the shotgun, aim at the open air, and send a shell flying for good measure. "Let's drive," you say. "Ride the river." Translation: We're not going to kill a damn thing, and our wives don't expect us home until after dark. Let's not disappoint them. We stop in Rosedale for a twelve-pack, head south on Highway 1, and sip our long-necks with the windows down. Thick bolls of cotton whitewash the fields on either side of the road. Every now and then a cotton picker, deserted and still, parked in a turn row. When we hit the crossroads, make a right onto the levee, you put in some Robert Johnson. The CD's scratched, so we listen to "Traveling Riverside Blues" on repeat, the only song that doesn't skip. "This is what happens when you have a two-year-old," you say. "They break everything. Can't listen to music for shit." Translation: You wish you'd waited longer to have kids. I think about my wife at home on bed-rest, eight months pregnant with our first child, and take a long pull off my beer. ________ We break down near Beulah, eight bottles in. The Buick's quick, huffing smoke, and we don't care. Half-lit, loose in our skin, we admit we both had a feeling something like this would happen. "Fan belt's busted," you say through a plume of smoke rising from under the hood. "Or maybe it's the radiator. Either way, this piece of junk car is a fucking casualty, man." It's the middle of nowhere, a dusty strip road near the '27 break where we used to bring girls back in high school, back when all we wanted [End Page 114] to do was make out, maybe get a hand under their shirts. Eighty years ago, this place put the Delta underwater and left stubborn farmers stranded and sucking for air. Our grandfathers still talk about it—the Great Flood of 1927—with such passion and zeal that we sometimes forget they weren't there, that they weren't even born yet. "Someone will find us," I say. "Somebody will show up eventually." You prod under the still-steaming hood. "Eventually is a long-ass time," you say. Translation: No one's coming. ________ We walk the levee, scuffing our boots on cow grates, the sound like the sharp slag of empty bottles. We wish we'd bought more beer. Above us, clouds and a waxy blue sky fall behind the top pines like some kind of stage backdrop that could be lifted with the pull of a string. "Look at that," you say when a rabbit jumps sideways in front of us, zigzags ahead, and scurries back into the brake. "Should've brought the shotgun." In the slough, unattended cattle groan and sleep in sinking mud. "Want to tip a cow?" I say in jest, but because we're bored and out of beer, you don't even have to think about it. "Watch out," you say, as we make our way down the grassy slope to the morass where the cows are standing at attention. "It's steep." At the bottom of the hill, we attempt to sneak up on a feeding Holstein—our knees bent, arms extended, ready to push her over. But we both know cow tipping is a myth, that if it could be done we would've done it already, so we aren't surprised when the cow lifts her head, turns toward us, and gives us a snort. "I dare you to try and pet her," you say. The ground is soft from three days' rain, and my boots sink and suck with every step. "Come here, girl," I say, arm outstretched, fist closed as if holding an apple...

Engine optimization grate multipurpose analysis method with quality function deployment

The object that will be developed in this study is a simple technology shredding machine design, artificial and has been patented by Andi Patolla (1988). which is often used by people specifically to grate the coconut. The methods used for product development using QFD. This method is needed to analyze and evaluate the level of consumer desires in order to develop products grate machine. The subject matter of the research outlined in the distribution table discussion. The research instrument used when data collection is questionnaire technique, which is supported by the observation technique, documentation, and interviews. From the discussion that has been done, it can be concluded that the priority consumers are very stressed to do a modification component or an additional tool in the machine grater multipurpose namely Cover Safeguard Fan Belt, Exhaust, Priority Motor Driving Fuel Gasoline, layout position Mover, Motor Starter, Plastic cleaning brush Roll Grate, and Plate Cap. 2.

Delayed brachial artery reconstruction after traumatic injury: a case for sustainment of surgical intervention.

The brachial artery is the commonest artery injured in the extremities. Although the patients present late, nevertheless reconstructions is advocated in other to salvage the limb and maintain function of the hand. We retrospectively examined 25 consecutive patients with vascular injuries treated at The Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit of a tertiary health centre over a period of 4 years. We assessed the pre-tertiary methods of stopping of bleeding injured brachial arteries, mechanisms of injury, associated injuries, treatment and the outcome following vascular repair in terms of functionality of the forearm and the volume of the radial pulsation. A total of 12 patients (48.0%) had brachial artery injuries out of the 25 patients with different forms of vascular injuries during the period. There were 10 males and 2 females, aged 7.5-65 years. The aetiology of the brachial artery injuries were: Glass cut in 5 patients, knife cut in 3 patients, surgical complication of tendon release (iatrogenic) in 1 patient, injury from self injection of pentazocine in 1 patient, machete cut in 1 patient and blunt vascular injury from fan belt injury in 1 patient. Except for the young girl whose brachial artery was injured at surgery, and had lateral repair done within 3hours, the timing between injury and repair in the remaining 11 patients ranged between 6-288 hours. This was beyond the golden time in trauma cases. Two patients had the brachial artery revascularised using the Reversed Saphenous Vein Graft (RSVG). The wrist pulsation was small volume in one patient as felt by palpation before discharge though the forearm was viable. Otherwise the remaining patients’ outcome was good. Most of the patients with brachial artery injury present late following injury. Revascularisation beyond the golden hour is still desirable as it will help to prevent limb loss. Plans should be put in place to train vascular surgeon to encourage prompt and expertise care.

Evaluation of ventilation performance and energy efficiency of greenhouse fans.

In order to investigate fan performance in fan-ventilated greenhouses (Urbana, USA), the effects of guard screen and loose belts on fan ventilation airflow and power consumption in greenhouse operations were examined with four belt-driven fans as trial subjects. The Fans Assessment Numeration System was used to measure the airflow rate. Temperature, relative humidity and power consumption were also monitored. Results show there were significant differences in the airflow rate between the fans with a cleaned and uncleaned guard screen [P is less than 0.05]. Power consumption also differed significantly even with the same cooling effect in greenhouse. When fan belts were adjusted to the proper tension, the fan speed and airflow rate were 13.1% and 30.1% higher than those of original belts, respectively. The daily average power consumption for the fan with the original loose belts was 20.4% higher than that with the adjusted belts when the pad was not working and 24.2% higher with pad working. The ventilation performance of fans with identical specifications showed a variation by up to 13.0% in terms of the ventilating efficiency ratio. These results demonstrated that fans should be cleaned routinely, and belt tension should be checked to ensure that fan performance meets specifications. This can reduce the power consumption in greenhouses for environmental control. Moreover, reordering fan staging, so that the most efficient fans are used in areas of greatest demand, can also reduce ventilation energy costs. DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150801.014 Citation: Zhang Z, Gates R S, Zou Z R, Hu X H. Evaluation of ventilation performance and energy efficiency of greenhouse fans. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(1): 103－110.

Application of Coagulation-advanced Oxidation Process by O3/GAC in the Fan Belt Wastewater Treatment

The aim of the research is to obtain fan belt wastewater treatment results in accordance with quality standards of that have been set by the government. The initial quality of the fan belt industry waste water was 1950mg/liter of total suspended solid (TSS), 9950mg/liter of chemical oxygen demand (COD), the dark purple colored and smelled. The experimental variables are the type of coagulants (Alum and Poly Ammonium Chloride), the initial pH of the coagulation process (5.0;7.0 and 9.0) and the process sequence was coagulation-advanced oxidation process (C-AOP) as well as advanced oxidation-coagulation (AOP-C). The optimal result of this research obtained for process sequence of the C-AOP with of Poly ammonium chloride as coagulant at pH 9.0. It can remove COD and TSS respectively by 96% and 99%, reduction color as well as odor significantly.

Jugād: Youth and Enterprise in India

This article examines the social and political significance of the Indian term jugād, which, crudely, means “make do and mend” or “find a way around”—for example, fixing a car fan belt with a pair of tights. Building on research conducted by Craig Jeffrey in 2004 and 2005 in western Uttar Pradesh, we show that a set of lower middle-class “fixers” has emerged among underemployed male youth in north India, who make large amounts of money acting as brokers between private educational entrepreneurs and universities and who use the idea of jugād to euphemize their involvement in corruption. We then employ more recent research, carried out between 2007 and 2012 by both authors, to show how the idea of jugād has gained traction among low castes (Dalits), who have also entered the world of local-level brokerage. In a rather extraordinary development, the Indian state has also picked up on jugād as a model for a distinctly Indian neoliberal development strategy. By adopting a critical Bourdieuian approach to analysis of young people's enterprise we provide a model for how scholars might investigate youth action, also highlighting the dangers of assuming that people on the ground straightforwardly parrot or reject neoliberal ideas.

Clean Benches

Clean Benches

에코-드라이빙과 차량 진단 겸용 ETCS 융합 단말기

Abstract Nowadays, the problem of ETCS terminal in becoming popular gradually is that there is no services except for ETC. Therefore, we need new system that provide many type of additional services at one-terminal. In this paper, we study the additory function of ETCS terminal to afford many type of the vehicle administration beside collection and provider of traffic information. We descrived the method of Eco-driving function beside to save fuel signing instant and mean fuel-efficiency, measurement of section fuel-efficiency on OLED and then brings out the best driving habit in people and to prevent dangerous at the wheel as diagnosing engine oil, cooling water, fan belt, the point of changing consumables, diagnoses to an overheated engine, charges on generator through ECU. The multi-services terminal consist of the vehicle diagnosis module base on OBD-II and ETCS terminal. Key Words : ETCS, ITS, OBE, DSRC, Eco-Driving, OBD-II * 정회원, 우송대학교 컴퓨터정보학과접수일자 2012.327, 수정완료 2012.4.12게재확정일자 2012.4.13.Received: 27 March, 2012, Revised: 12 April, 2012Accepted: 13 April, 2012

New Data on the Late Pleistocene of the Shakshuk Area, Jebel Gharbi , Libya

The Jebel Gharbi represents the northern border of the Tripolitanian plateau. One of its most important features is the north facing slope which opens onto the Jefara coast. Since the 1990s the Italian and Libyan Joint Mission, directed by Barbara Barich of the University of Rome “La Sapienza,” has been carrying out a project to define the cultural sequence of the region. At the beginning of the field campaign in 2000 an important settlement area was detected at the very base of the Jebel, near the village of Shakshuk. The importance of the area, which is located between the Jefara plain and the alluvial fan belt, is due to the different horizons of human occupation and to the plentiful archaeological findings scattered on the surface. Perennial water sources allowed the territory to be inhabited even in the most arid phases of the Pleistocene.

Fan Dancing and Fan Belts: Selling Optimism at the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair

In 1833, Chicago was a tiny backwoods settlement on the western frontier. It ranked as the world’s fourth largest city a century later. To celebrate the city’s remarkable rise, civic leaders and businessmen decided to host the city’s second world’s fair. The theme of this 1933–34 international exposition was “A Century of Progress.” Amazingly, in the midst of the Great Depression, this celebration championed corporate capitalism—the very culprit that many Americans blamed for their economic woes. The fair celebrated the advances of science and its application to consumer goods. Unlike earlier world’s fairs, this international venue de-emphasized the ...

Grainger (W.W.) Inc.

AbstractEngineering Services (MIC: 12.1 SIC: 5063 NAIC: 423610)W.W. Grainger is a supplier of facilities maintenance and other related products. Co. has three operating segments: Branch‐based Distribution businesses provide North American customers with product applications for facility maintenance and other product needs through logistics networks. Lab Safety is a direct marketer of safety and other industrial products to U.S. and Canadian businesses through the distribution of multiple branded catalogs and other marketing materials distributed throughout the year. Acklands ‐ Grainger distributes tools, lighting products, safety supplies, pneumatics, instruments, welding equipment and supplies, motors, shop equipment, fan belts and many other items.

Grainger (W.W.) Inc.

AbstractEngineering Services (MIC: 12.1 SIC: 5063 NAIC: 423610)W.W. Grainger is a supplier of facilities maintenance and other related products. Co. has three operating segments: Branch‐based Distribution businesses provide North American customers with product applications for facility maintenance and other product needs through logistics networks. Lab Safety is a direct marketer of safety and other industrial products to U.S. and Canadian businesses through the distribution of multiple branded catalogs and other marketing materials distributed throughout the year. Acklands — Grainger distributes tools, lighting products, safety supplies, pneumatics, instruments, welding equipment and supplies, motors, shop equipment, fan belts and many other items.

Grainger (W.W.) Inc.

AbstractEngineering Services (MIC: 12.1 SIC: 5063 NAIC: 423610)W.W. Grainger is a supplier of facilities maintenance and other related products. Co. has three operating segments: Branch‐based Distribution businesses provide North American customers with product applications for facility maintenance and other product needs through logistics networks. Lab Safety is a direct marketer of safety and other industrial products to U.S. and Canadian businesses through the distribution of multiple branded catalogs and other marketing materials distributed throughout the year. Acklands ‐ Grainger distributes tools, lighting products, safety supplies, pneumatics, instruments, welding equipment and supplies, motors, shop equipment, fan belts and many other items.

Grainger (W.W.) Inc.

AbstractEngineering Services (MIC: 12.1 SIC: 5063 NAIC: 423610)W.W. Grainger is a supplier of facilities maintenance and other related products. Co. has three operating segments: Branch‐based Distribution businesses provide North American customers with product applications for facility maintenance and other product needs through logistics networks. Lab Safety is a direct marketer of safety and other industrial products to U.S. and Canadian businesses through the distribution of multiple branded catalogs and other marketing materials distributed throughout the year. Acklands ‐ Grainger distributes tools, lighting products, safety supplies, pneumatics, instruments, welding equipment and supplies, motors, shop equipment, fan belts and many other items.

The effects of homonymy and polysemy on lexical access: an MEG study

We examined the neural correlates of semantic ambiguity by measuring changes in MEG recordings during a visual lexical decision task in which the properties of ambiguous words were manipulated. Words that are ambiguous between unrelated meanings (like bark, which can refer to a tree or to a dog) were accessed more slowly than words that have no unrelated meanings (such as cage). In addition, words that have many related senses (e.g., belt, which can be an article of clothing or, closely related in sense, a fan belt used in machinery) were accessed faster than words that have few related senses (e.g., ant). The findings are inconsistent with accounts that posit that both kinds of ambiguity involve separate lexical entries, but instead offer both behavioral and neurophysiological support for separate entry accounts only for homonymy, and a single-entry model of polysemy. The findings also provide neural correlates for a behavioral study of lexical ambiguity that demonstrated that the frequently reported ambiguity advantage in lexical decision tasks is not due to the presence of many unrelated meanings but to the presence of many related senses.

COMPARISON OF DIRECT VS. INDIRECT VENTILATION RATE DETERMINATIONS IN LAYER BARNS USING MANURE BELTS

Direct measurement of building ventilation rate in livestock housing is a formidable task due to uncontrollablevariations in fan and system performance that are caused by factors such as building static pressure, fan belt slippage, anddust accumulation on shutters and blades. Estimating building ventilation rate by an indirect method based on a CO2 balanceoffers a potentially viable alternative to direct measurement. The validity of the CO2 balance method depends on the validityof relationship between CO2 production inside the building and metabolic rate of the animals and the knowledge of CO2generation by the housing environment. Metabolic rates of modern laying hens have recently been quantified in intensivelarge-scale laboratory measurements. However, performance of the indirect method remains to be evaluated under fieldconditions. This article compares building ventilation rates obtained by direct measurement and by a CO2 balance. The testwas conducted at a commercial laying hen house that used manure belts with daily manure removal. The results indicate thatventilation rates estimated by the indirect method were not significantly different (P > 0.2) from those as determined by thedirect measurement when the averaging or integration time interval was 2 h or longer. Careful application of the indirectmethod could greatly improve the affordability and versatility of endeavors toward quantifying air emissions from confinedanimal housing.

The mid-Cenozoic succession and evolution of the Mut basin, southern Turkey, and its regional significance

The hitherto poorly known Mut basin occupies a position that is critical to our understanding of the later Cenozoic history of south central Turkey. The biostratigraphic and sedimentological study reported here reveals an extended and complex pattern of basin evolution and enables the history of this basin to be compared in detail with that of adjacent south Turkish basins. The oldest basin fill deposits are demonstrated to be Oligocene to earliest Miocene in age and comprise alluvial redbeds, thick lacustrine deposits and thin lagoonal sediments mainly supplied from northern (Tauride) sources This mainly terrestrial megasequence resulted from an early Oligocene phase of crustal extension, leading to rapid “trap-door” subsidence and the formation of narrow E–W trending troughs. This phase was terminated by a minor marine incursion and through reactivation of basement faults during renewed extension in the earliest Miocene. The overlying Miocene succession, thus, rests with local angular discordance upon tilted and gently deformed Oligocene (and older) rocks. Subsequent subaerial erosion created an irregular pre-Burdigalian palaeotopography that strongly influenced the nature, thickness and distribution of the early Miocene basin fill. In palaeotopographic depressions, the Miocene sequence commences with alluvial fan, braidplain and meander belt redbeds formed in river systems that flowed mainly south and southeast. These pass up (and laterally) into more extensive lagoonal and shallow marine mixed clastic/carbonate units yielding late Burdigalian to early Langhian microfaunas, marking the inception of the main Miocene marine transgression in this area. Episodic northwards marine advance led to isolation of the northerly source of siliciclastic detritus and resulted in periodic onlap of mid- to inner-shelf fine-grained carbonates (with thin clastic intercalations) that include isolated coralgal build-ups, calcarenite mounds and sand-waves. At the peak of Miocene transgression (mid-Serravallian), thick reefal limestones were deposited far to the north and also formed on top of basement highs forming the southern and eastern flanks of the basin. Significant influxes of coarse and fine siliciclastics from the north attest to periodic progradational events that are more conspicuous and protracted in the late Serravallian and Tortonian. However, muddy deeper shelf conditions prevailed throughout the middle Miocene in the central part of the basin, while stronger currents and unstable slopes characterise the constricted marine strait in the southeast of the basin near Silifke. In terms of their sequential arrangement, palaeoenvironmental and tectonic evolution the Oligo-Miocene sediments of the Mut basin closely resemble coeval sequences in the adjacent Ecemis–Aktoprak and Karsanti–northern Adana basins and share a similar history, involving complex interplay between regional tectonics and eustasism. Deeper water Oligo-Miocene sequences in the ‘outboard troughs,’ such as the southern Adana basin and the Kyrenia–Misis–Andirin complex, yield more subtle signatures of these tectonic and eustatic events. The differences between these basins are attributable to the influence of regional kinematic elements generated during the reorganisation of plate boundaries in the northeast Mediterranean that followed final suturing of the Arabian and Anatolide plates in the mid-Cenozoic.