Famous Sayings Research Articles

THE MNEMONIC POTENTIAL OF THE AUTHOR’S EPIGRAM (using the example of Igor Guberman’s poetry)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the author’s epigram by the poet Igor Guberman as a genre with mnemonic (memorable) potential. It is understood that inheriting an ambivalent nature borrowed from the previous ritual tradition, Igor Guberman’s epigram in its architectonic organisation simultaneously contains the ridiculous and the serious, the personal and the impersonal (‟alien”), the subjective and the objective. The latter, as deposited in the memory of the past, is used as a mnemonic demonstration of the material tested by life experience, which enters into a dialogical relationship with a subjective artistic worldview. In the course of the analysis of Igor Guberman’s author’s epigrams, called ‟gariki” by analogy with the derivative of Garik – the colloquial form of the author’s name, – it turns out that the mnemonic attribute as a permanent property of the genre, inherited from past times, is represented in it in different ways and to a large extent much wider than in the classical epigram. Thus, the mnemonic potential of the author’s epigram contains, in addition to the motifs of famous works, paraphrases and recitations of famous sayings that have become winged, allusions to general literary ‟topos” and reminiscences from the poems of poets, recognisable by the images used, rhythm and verse organisation. It is concluded that the variety of use of Igor Guberman’s rich mnemonic potential by the author’s epigram indicates the voluminous functionality of the genre, involving artistic resources not only in the direction of reproducing the invariant (‟genre memory”), but more focusing efforts on the path of renewal in line with the detached perception of tradition (‟genre memory”), which allows to appear to it in the fullness of aesthetic perfection.

Teaching reform and practice of database principle and application

Aiming at the characteristics that the content of database principles and applications is difficult to understand and master, this paper first analyzes the comprehensive and practical characteristics of database principle and application course, and then systematically introduces some innovative practices of the author in textbook construction, teaching content reform and design ability training, including the construction of systematic case teaching content system; The reform of curriculum content system keeping pace with the times; The construction of innovative design ability training system; The practice of curriculum design that is closely integrated with application; The introduction of typical entrepreneurial innovation cases; The guidance of famous sayings and aphorisms compatible with the curriculum. The author's beneficial attempts and innovative practices in the construction of database principle and application courses and the training of applied computer talents are expected to play a certain enlightening role in the teaching of computer majors, teachers and courses in relevant colleges and universities.

The Use of Stainless Steel to Create Contemporary Artistic Arabic Calligraphy Sculptures

This paper examined the use of stainless steel in creating contemporary Arabic calligraphy sculptures. It discusses artworks’ unique, innovative, and non-imitation stainless steel Arabic calligraphy. This study sheds light on this new field of modern Arabic calligraphy. The artworks of four famous artists were analysed in terms of how these works were created, the scripts or letters and alphabets used, and the type of calligraphy used. The type of contemporary art of Arabic calligraphy used includes verses from the Qur’an, poetry, famous sayings, and non-Arabic poems translated into Arabic letters. The interaction between sculptural Arabic calligraphy, stainless steel, and the environment or surrounding factors led to a contradictory three-way interaction, which increased the sculptural artistic act and creativity. The data were analysed using the descriptive analysis method and observation method. The samples analysed consist of fifteen sculptures. The finding revealed that these stainless steel carvings include intertwined Arabic scripts and letters. Arabic calligraphy employed varied between leafy Kufic, Moroccan Kufic, Diwani, thuluth, Naskh, and even contemporary Arabic calligraphy. The sculptures’ contents or phrases also varied between Quranic verses, poetry, novel, sayings, words, and sentences from the artist himself. As for the style, there is free Arabic calligraphy, new modern classic Arabic calligraphy, and modern classic Arabic calligraphy.

Connecting Strategies in Mark Zuckerberg’s Commencement Speech at Harvard University

This research aims to analyze Mark Zuckerberg’s Commencement Speech at Harvard University to explore its wording and the interaction between the speaker and the audience. A Multimodal Discourse Analysis approach (MDA), and the concepts of intertextuality and interdiscursivity were adopted in this study. The results show that intertextually, Mark Zuckerberg narrated his experiences and stories, quoting famous sayings, and inserting religious text into his speech. Interdiscursively, he imported different discourses including discourse on entrepreneurship, discourse on racism, and discourse on globalization. These mechanisms helped weave his speech text coherently and harmoniously into the context. Moreover, his actions and interactions, for instance, joking with the audience, made the formal style of speech delivery more casual, reducing the distance between the speaker and audience. Also, the audience members were encouraged to become engaged in his speech, helping to create harmony among both the local and global communities.

곡성 동악산 청류구곡(淸流九曲)의 형태 및 의미론적 특성

곡성 동악산 청류구곡(淸流九曲)의 형태 및 의미론적 특성

A Comparative Study of the English Versions of The Analects by Legge and Ku Hungming

The Analects is one of the great works of traditional Chinese culture, and its translation has been an important part of cultural exchange in the past hundred years. The English versions of the Analects have reached more than 40, including that of James Legge’s and Ku Hungming’s. James Legge was a missionary and a famous British Sinologist; Ku Hungming was a famous Chinese scholar who got educated in the west. Their versions represent the highest level at that time. Legge is known for his rigorous responsibility to the original text, faithful to the original. His version is of a scholar translation style, which can be summed up as truthfully, lengthy and dull. Ku Hungming was renowned at home and abroad for his unique and weird style in Qing Dynasty. He received Western education and was deeply influenced by Western Romanticism. Most of his articles are written in English, even the native English speakers feel surprised by his extraordinary English proficiency. Ku also made great achievements in imputing Chinese classics to the west. In order to make the content easily acceptable to the Westerners, he tried his best to avoid Chinese names and places, and in order to evoke the original idea of the readers, he widely cited the western allusions and famous sayings. So Ku’s translations are widely spread in Europe. This paper focuses mainly on three parts. First, the translation differences of the two versions are investigated from the language to the overall translation techniques. Then, the causes of differences are analyzed, which include cultural background, Sinology skills, purposes and audience awareness. Finally, the way to translate Chinese classics like The Analects is briefly summarized.

Agricultural Productivity Impact of a Mini-Dam: A Case Study of Ziarat, Balochistan

Water is the most important constituent of life without which, life cannot exist. Water is a natural resource which is also used as an input for producing different goods in factories for industrial use, productivity of crops for agriculture use also used in our daily life for domestic purpose. Despite such an importance, still the World is experiencing the issue of water scarcity [WCD (2000)]. The supply of water does not meet its demand [Bengali (2009)]. Pakistan is an agrarian economy which is also heavily dependent on water. About 45 percent of the total employment is generated from Agriculture sector [Pakistan (2011)]. Main sources of water are rivers and rainfall. Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan. Land size is 44 percent of the total land of Pakistan [Balochistan (2010)]. Land is fertile and provides conducive environment for Agriculture. Agriculture productivity is high in Balochistan. Many vegetables and crops are grown which results in many farmers and labours livelihood. It has got varieties of species of many fruits, particularly Apple. Important fruit crops grown are Apple, Grapes, Cherry and Peach. Climate is also suitable for crops growth particularly the deciduous fruits like apple, which requires low temperature during summer season. As far as quality is concerned, apple produced in Balochistan, especially at high altitude (1600 meters to 2000 meters) are superior in quality than that produced in the rest of the country. The main reason is that due to dryness of the climate in apple producing areas like Ziarat, Killa Abdullah, Pishin, Quetta etc. Apple is one of the most popular fruit. It is delicious and crunchy and is mostly liked by health conscious and fitness lovers as it is filled with rich phyto-nutrients, which is very essential for optimal health. It also contains antioxidants, which promotes health as well as prevents several diseases. Thus, apple truly justifies the famous sayings, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” One of the distinguishing features is that there are no fungal diseases and disease free apple can be stored for a longer period in cold storage. Also the abundance of sunshine in the growing season improves the colour of apple which fetches a good price in the domestic and foreign market.

Bio-inspired Approach for Smooth Motion Control of Wheeled Mobile Robots

Wheeled mobile robot (WMR) has gained wide application in civilian and military fields. Smooth and stable motion of WMR is crucial not only for enhancing control accuracy and facilitating mission completion, but also for reducing mechanical tearing and wearing. In this paper, we present a novel bio-inspired approach aiming at significantly reducing motion chattering phenomena inherent with traditional methods. The main idea of the proposed smooth motion controller is motivated by two famous Chinese sayings “haste does not bring success” and “ride softly then you may get home sooner”, which inspires the utilization of pre-processing the speed commands with the help of fuzzy rules to generate more favorable movement for the actuation device, so as to effectively avoid the jitter problem that has not yet been adequately solved by traditional methods. Detail formulas and algorithms are derived with consideration of the kinematics and dynamics of WMR. Smooth and asymptotically stable tracking of the WMR along the desired position and orientation is ensured and real-time experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed method.

Membangun Mahasiswa yang Berkarakter Melalui Karya Seni

This article aims to explain about the alternative of reconstructing characterized education through artwork for students at State University of Padang (UNP). The artwork is an expression in which human being is able to express moral values through its symbols; as a result, it becomes expressive media for the characterized education. This research is the qualitative one which applies the descriptive method. The data is collected through direct observation, interview and library research. Afterward, the data were analyzed by using phenomenology approach. Apparently, the problem of the students at UNP is the lack of characters. As the cultural and social beings who live in the surroundings of tradition and cultural philosophies like Minangkabau, whose famous sayings adat basandi sarak, sarak basandi kitabullah (culture is based on religion, and the religion is based on Islam), these students cannot contain themselves being in the society. On the other side, artwork as an expressive media of human’s behavior and feelings is viewed as means of delivery the concepts of characterized education for these students; in return, they can behave as what is expected by culture and tradition of Minangkabau. Keywords: characterized education, artwork, the tradition and culture of Minangkabau

E.H. Gombrich şi Arthur Danto: Cele mai ȋnalte standarde ȋn istoria artei

Abstract This essay examines the writing of the legendary art historians and aesthetic theorists E. H. Gombrich and Arthur Danto. In my opinion, their books set the highest standards in expository writing in the arts and humanities. Both of them felt equally comfortable writing for a large general audience as for a smaller group of specialists. In fact, they wrote different books for these different audiences. Though highly respected for their scholarship, both Gombrich and Danto are best known for explaining art history and aesthetics to the general public in a simple, clear and engaging manner. They abide by one of the most famous sayings attributed to Albert Einstein — “If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough” which, I believe, should be a mantra for expository writing in the arts and letters (creative writing being, of course, another matter).

Le coq gaulois à l’heure anglaise: analyse de la traduction anglaise d’Astérix by Catherine Delesse, Bertrand Richet

Fourastié, would have been called for. However, Fourastié is briefly mentioned only once (168). Western Washington University Edward Ousselin DELESSE, CATHERINE, et BERTRAND RICHET. Le coq gaulois à l’heure anglaise: analyse de la traduction anglaise d’Astérix. Arras: Artois PU, 2009. ISBN 978-2-84832-077-9. Pp. 447. 24 a. This book deserves a belated review because it presents a major research project on Astérix that deals with the difficult art of translating cultural humor. The authors compare thirty-three episodes of the series by René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo (the last eight by Uderzo alone after Goscinny’s death in 1977) with their corresponding English translations, all of which were done by Anthea Bell and Derek Hockridge between 1969 and 2005. In their introduction, Delesse and Richet discuss the challenges translators face in their efforts to remain close to the original work while creating similar cultural humor that is essentially an adaptation. In order to organize and present such a vast amount of material, the authors divided their comparisons into four chapters: “Les noms propres,” “Les jeux de mots,” “Accents, dialectes et langues étrangères,” and “Les allusions culturelles.” The chapter on proper names is divided into numerous categories, such as historical references and adaptations of the original French names to fit the context. For example, in Astérix et le chaudron the character Juleraimus (Jules Raimu, a wellknown French actor from the 1930s) becomes Alecguinus (Alec Guinness, a famous British actor who admired Raimu). There are many clever names invented by the English translators that often have a connection with the French or with the original meaning of a certain word, such as the dog’s name Idéfix which becomes Dogmatix in the English translation. A great challenge for translators is rendering into English plays on words, which are based on colloquial meanings, sounds, and cultural references. In Astérix et les Goths the chief Téléféric is deposed by his enemy who says “Ta vie ne tient qu’à un fil, Téléféric.” Since cable car and “hang by a thread” do not have the same close connection in English, the translators totally transformed the word play by changing the chief’s name to Metric with his opponent saying “It’s time you were going, Metric” (95). The phrase alludes to the debate in England about “going metric,” meaning an official change to using the metric system for money and measurement. The English phrase here can be understood in two ways: It’s time to get rid of you (when using a comma and meaning get rid of the metric system) and it’s time to go metric (without the comma, meaning it’s time for a change), thus representing both sides of the debate. Much of the humor in Astérix is based on stereotypes and details of cultural identity. In their chapter on accents, dialects, and foreign languages, the authors compare the clever ways in which the translators transformed these elements into a context that is humorous for Anglophones. The final chapter, which deals with cultural allusions, is divided into sections on songs, famous sayings, historical references, and popular culture, just to name a few. The creative genius of Goscinny and Uderzo and the ingenious renditions of their humor by the translators are impressive and amusing. From a pedagogical perspective, this book could Reviews 967 be used as a reference work in a French culture class, a translation course, and a course on bandes dessinées. Le coq gaulois is a must-read for Astérix aficionados as well as for those who are yet unfamiliar with the French cultural icon whose adventures have been translated into 107 languages and dialects with worldwide sales of over 325 million albums. Ohio University, Athens Lois Vines DIETLER, MICHAEL. Archaeologies of Colonialism: Consumption, Entanglement, and Violence in Ancient Mediterranean France. Berkeley: UP of California, 2010. ISBN 978-0-52026551 -6. Pp. 464. $60. During the sixth century BCE, Phocaeans from a Greek colony in contemporary Turkey arrived in Marseille, naming it Massalia. This event becomes more than a mere historical fact in Dietler’s complex analysis of Mediterranean society during the...

Elizabeth Porter Gould, Author of Leaves of Grass : Gender, Editing, and the Ninetenth-Century Literary Marketplace

Elizabeth Porter Gould, Author of Leaves of Grass:Gender, Editing, and the Ninetenth-Century Literary Marketplace Edward Whitley Walt Whitman once said that "Leaves of Grass is essentially a woman's book: the women do not know it, but every now and then a woman shows that she knows it: it speaks out the necessities, its cry is the cry of the right and wrong of the woman sex."1 Many nineteenth-century women were drawn to Whitman's poetry, including the British intellectual Anne Gilchrist, the bohemian actress Adah Issacs Menken, and the U.S. women's rights advocate Abby Hills Price.2 Only one woman, however, ever actually attempted to turn Leaves of Grass into "a woman's book," that is, a book that was not only marketed to women but was also written by a woman. Elizabeth Porter Gould, the Massachusetts writer and reformer who complied Gems from Walt Whitman (1889), identified herself on the title pages of her subsequent publications as the author of Gems from Walt Whitman, and not merely as the book's editor.3 Unlike the men who edited selections of poems from Leaves of Grass during Whitman's lifetime, Gould classified her editorial duties as a species of authorship, and in so doing demonstrated how some nineteenth-century women editors could define their role differently than did their male counterparts.4 Coming from the upper-middle-class world of white women's literary societies, Gould was part of a book-club and parlor-study culture that allowed women to think of themselves as the authors of other people's texts. Contrary to a commercial marketplace that valued standardized and mass-marketed books, the women with whom Gould associated individualized their texts with all the confidence of professional authors: they heavily annotated and emended printed books; they composed manuscript quote books from handwritten transcriptions of poems, biblical verses, and famous sayings; and they created scrapbooks that paired printed material with manuscript notes and personal letters.5 Gould placed Gems from Walt Whitman in a category similar to that of the texts that literary clubwomen authored out of preexisting material, despite [End Page 471] the fact that her book was part of a commercial market that defined authorship much more narrowly. Gems from Walt Whitman, then, emerged out of a tension between the commercial demands of the late-nineteenth-century literary marketplace and the social customs of New England clubwomen. This tension has been overlooked by scholars who have depicted Gould either as a Comstockian prude whose editing of Whitman was a thinly-veiled attempt at censorship or as a well-meaning but ultimately naïve fan who never really understood what Leaves of Grass was all about.6 It is true that Gould was more conservative than the average turn-of-the-century Whitman disciple: she was a devout Christian who was enormously proud of her Puritan ancestry, but she was also a suffragist, a school reformer who advocated coeducational institutions, and a participating member of the Walt Whitman Fellowship International.7 While Gould did express some ambivalence regarding the open treatment of sexuality in Whitman's poetry, Gems from Walt Whitman is more than an attempt to produce a sanitized Leaves of Grass. Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that Gould wanted to harness the revolutionary sexual power of Leaves of Grass as much as did Whitmanites like Edward Carpenter and John Addington Symonds. Gould's accomplishment with Gems from Walt Whitman can only be appreciated by situating the book within the tensions of a literary marketplace where readers in small, local, and (as in Gould's case) gendered communities were not content merely to consume the printed texts handed down to them by national publishing firms. Understanding how Gems from Walt Whitman emerges from this set of tensions not only reaffirms Gould's place in the critical history of Leaves of Grass, it also foregrounds an alternative model of authorship—a model based in one facet of nineteenth-century women's literary culture—wherein an editor could think of herself as an author.8 I. Walt Whitman has chosen and dared to send forth his jewels unset. . . . It seems a fair...

“Wretches Hang That Jury-men May Dine”

One of the most famous sayings in English comes from Alexander Pope's poem The Rape of the Lock (1714): “Wretches hang that Jury-men may Dine.” Those words have been widely quoted by lawyers, judges, literati, and laymen to condemn hasty, ill-considered verdicts and to express anxieties about juries and the judicial system itself. Even though nowadays Pope is usually credited with having invented a bit of fanciful hyperbole for comic or satiric effect, the aphorism epitomizes a long tradition in English common law that forbade deliberating jurors' eating or drinking before announcing their verdict. Statements of the common-law principle, in judicial rulings and commentaries, from the thirteenth century through the eighteenth, tended to fall into formulaic patterns, as they listed the amenities that jurors were to forgo and gradually developed practical means of ameliorating or circumventing the harsher aspects of the prohibition.

Sonography: Art, Knowledge, or ___________?

Every echo lab has one, or at least they should—a person that keeps everyone smiling. In my lab for the past 17 years or so it’s been our high energy sonographer, “Siggy.” Siggy is a sonographer that loves medicine. He loves to banter about what’s going on with the clinical situation as it relates to the echo of every single patient. He also loves to be the person people love to have perform their echo. Recently Siggy came up with another of his famous sayings that he likes to preach: “Sonography is 25 percent art, 25 percent knowledge, and 50 percent patient relations.

After Seven Decades of Regulation, Why is the Audit Profession in Such a Mess?

On December 2, 2001, Enron, once one of the world's largest and most re spected companies, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after the discovery of a massive fraud perpetrated by senior management. The subse quent collapse of Enron's auditor, Arthur Andersen LLP (AA), was even more shocking. Mr. Arthur Andersen had built an accounting practice on a solid foundation of personal integrity and technical excellence. He had a reputation of being absolutely honest and is reputed to have lost several prominent clients because he would not change his audit report to suit management. Famous sayings attributed to him are There is not enough money in Chicago to cause me to change my audit report, and Think and Talk Straight (Squires et al., 2003, pp. 31-32). Fifty-five years after his death in 1947, the firm of Arthur Andersen, LLP (AA) was engulfed in the Enron fiasco.

Between Proverb and Sketch: Direct Speech and Dialogue in the maṯal

The subject of this contribution is the presence of direct speech in ancient amṯāl and the different ways in which we may find it. Amṯāl containing direct speech show a connection with a dramatized background, with a sketch, that can be either evoked or represented. First, the amtal constituted by famous sayings will be examined. This kind of amṯāl, based on a ‘historical’, or pseudo-historical reference, allows us to consider several aspects peculiar to the Arabic proverb in general. In the second place, the amṯāl in which we find the insertion of direct speech will be considered, and finally, the dialogue proverbs.

Relationship among Self-Esteem, Psychological Reactance, and other Personality Variables

69 women and 42 men responded to the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale, and the Famous Sayings test. Also, subjects rated their happiness using a Likert scale. Men scored significantly higher than did women on the UCLA Loneliness, Hostility, and Psychological Reactance measures, and lower on the Conventional Mores and Social Acquiescence measures. Loneliness scores positively correlated with Psychological Reactance scores and negatively with Self-esteem and Conventional Mores scores and with happiness self-ratings for both sexes. Men who scored higher on Psychological Reactance tended to score lower on Conventional Mores. Happiness ratings correlated negatively with Psychological Reactance for all subjects and positively with Conventional Mores for men subjects only. Women's self-esteem scores correlated positively with self-ratings of happiness and negatively with Psychological Reactance, Hostility, and Fear of Failure. Finally, women's Psychological Reactance scores correlated positively with those on Bass's Fear of Failure scale.

The Famous Sayings Test: Sex Differences and Some Correlations with other Variables

31 men and 54 women responded to Bass' Famous Sayings test, the Social Interest Scale, and the Narcissism Personality Inventory. Women scored significantly higher on measures of Conventional Mores, Social Acquiescence, and Social Interest. Correlations of Bass' four scales were similar to those reported in earlier studies. Social interest correlated positively with Conventional Mores and negatively with Hostility for women, while Social Interest correlated negatively with Fear of Failure for men only.

The Famous Sayings Test and Uniqueness

The Famous Sayings is disguised personality inventory containing four factor analytically-derived scales: Conventional Mores, Hostdity, Fear of Failure, and Social Acquiescence (Bass, 1958). The present study was done to clarify what this instrument measures by observing the relation of scores to the need for uniqueness, trait defined by Snyder and Fromkin (1977) as nonpathological need toward abnormality expressed by behaviors that serve to differentiate oneself from others. These investigators developed 32-item Uniqueness scale to measure that trait. Two of the factors Snyder and Fromkin (1980) identified as among those comprising this need for uniqueness were described by them as a desire to not always follow rules and a w~llingness to defend his or her beliefs publicly. These factors seem at face value to be at odds with the traits measured by the Conventional Mores and the Social Acquiescence scales. Given this, we priori predicted that Conventional Mores and Social Acquiescence should correlate negatively with the need for uniqueness. University students (41 women and 20 men) enrolled in general psychology classes served as subjects. They were largely Caucasian, of middle class, and of traditional college-attending ages. AU responded to the Famous Sayings test and the Uniqueness scale (Snyder & Fromkin, 1977, 1980). The means (with standard deviations in parenthesis) for these scales were as follows: 98.89 (13.52) for Uniqueness, 43.25 (8.52) for Conventional Mores, 37.36 (6.04) for Hostility, 37.74 (8.60) for Fear of Failure, and 33.15 (8.12) for Social Acquiescence. Uniqueness correlated -.33 with Conventional Mores @<.05), .06 with Hostility, .02 with Fear of Failure, and -.I8 with Social Acquiescence (df = 59 for all Pearson rs). These results indicate that higher Conventional Mores scores tend to be associated moderately with lower Uniqueness scores. We may infer from this that people disposed toward more normative ways of thinking and conduct may in part do so because they are less motivated to establish their selF-definition through being different from others. On the other hand, the ~redicted relation between Social Acquiescence and Uniqueness was not observed, suggesting that some manifestations of conformity are compatible with the need for uniqueness.

Use and Evaluation of the Famous Sayings: Partial Summary through December, 1979

33 substantial references to research with and evaluation of the Famous Sayings test are listed. These originated from a search of the literature and replies to letters sent to 711 users of record.