Family Management Style Research Articles

Family organization for the care of children with chronic conditions, discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit

A qualitative study that aimed to examine family organization for the care of children with chronic conditions, discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The subjects were 12 relatives of children with chronic health conditions. Data were collected through genograms, ecomaps and semi-structured interviews, developed based on the Family Management Style Framework theoretical model and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The organization of families is related to the ongoing care requirements of the children, considering the routines of care established in the period immediately after discharge from the hospital and continuing up to the present. It was established that families access their social networks to handle the required care.

Family management for pediatric transplant recipients with grandparents as caregivers: a case study

Aim: To understand the family management experience of a child undergoing liver transplantation when grandparents are also caregivers, from the view of the Family Management Style Framework. Method: Case study. We used the referred model as a theoretical framework and thematic analysis as the analytical method. Data were collected through interviews and analysis of medical records. Results: The family defines the transplant as a threatening situation and highlights the conflicts between mother and grandparents, not knowing how to act. The consequences reflect the fear and uncertainty that pervade daily family life. Discussion: The evaluation allows a discussion about the influence and the role of grandparents when one of their grandchildren is affected by a serious illness. Conclusion: The use of theoretical models can help in the planning of specific interventions, though further studies are needed to understand the grandparents’ experience when their grandchildren are sick.

Chinese family management of chronic childhood conditions: A cluster analysis

This study compared the management of chronic childhood conditions in Chinese families and identified predictors of management style. A survey was conducted in 2008-2009 on a convenience sample of 387 caregivers of children with chronic conditions. Six family management styles (FMSs) were identified: accomplished, uncertain managing, joint managing, managing with difficulty, struggling, and competent managing. The FMSs were related to the functioning of the family and the child. Changes in parents' employment, geographic location, and diagnosis predicted family placement in a cluster. Understanding Chinese FMSs will further aid in providing culturally appropriate family-centered care. Awareness of the predictors of FMSs can assist nurses in detecting which families need more help.

Testing the Applicability of the Family Management Style Framework to Chinese Families

Family management is an important concept in caring for chronically ill children. The purpose of this study is to determine the applicability of the Family Management Style Framework for Chinese families with a child who has a chronic condition. The children ranged in age from 6 to 16 years. The structural equation modeling approach was utilized to examine the relationships among the contextual variables, the family management, the child, and the family functioning. A total of 538 caregivers from seven hospitals in China were included in this study. The final model adequately fitted the data. The predictor variables accounted for 23%, 26%, 7.8%, and 12% of the variance in the easy and the challenging parts of family management and the child and family unit, respectively. These findings indicated that the framework is applicable to Chinese families. This result reinforces the importance of interventions designed to enable caregivers to improve family management.

The family experience following bone marrow or blood cell transplantation

To explore how families with children at home managed 4-12months after an adult family member was discharged from the hospital to home following bone marrow or blood cell transplantation. Studies of these families have been limited in number. The Family Management Style Framework offers a conceptual framework relevant to families with children who have an adult member who has undergone a bone marrow or blood cell transplant. This was a descriptive, qualitative, one-point-in-time study. Content analysis in relation to the three conceptual components of the Family Management Style Framework was employed; inductive thematic analysis determined the emergent conceptual dimensions present in the data. The sample was composed of 29 participants: 15 transplant recipients and 14 significant others who met the study criteria in 2008 and 2009. Each patient and his or her significant other were interviewed; the audio-recorded interviews were analysed after transcription. The three conceptual components of the Family Management Style Framework: (1) definition of the situation; (2) management behaviours; and (3) perceived consequences, were validated as relevant for this sample across all participants. New conceptual dimensions were also present, inclusive of recovery view, support base, financial picture, management domains, perceived consequences to the whole family, and perceived consequences to the dyad relationships. There are several overarching findings in this study, notably that recovery at home is a family experience. Implications for nursing practice include the need for effective transitional care for the patient and family.

Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Family Management Measure (Korean FaMM) for Families with Children having Chronic Illness

To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Family Management Measure (Korean FaMM) to assess applicability for families with children having chronic illnesses. The Korean FaMM was articulated through forward-backward translation methods. Internal consistency reliability, construct and criterion validity were calculated using PASW WIN (19.0) and AMOS (20.0). Survey data were collected from 341 mothers of children suffering from chronic disease enrolled in a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The Korean version of FaMM showed reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of .69-.91. Factor loadings of the 53 items on the six sub-scales ranged from 0.28-0.84. The model of six subscales for the Korean FaMM was validated by expiratory and confirmatory factor analysis (χ²<.001, RMR<.05, GFI, AGFI, NFI, NNFI>.08). Criterion validity compared to the Parental Stress Index (PSI) showed significant correlation. The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean FaMM showed satisfactory construct and criterion validity and reliability. It is useful to measure Korean family's management style with their children who have a chronic illness.

Family Management After the Sudden Death of a Family Member

Although more is known about how individuals within families make decisions and manage more discrete issues when a family member is dying, less is known about how families as a unit manage after the sudden death of a family member. The article discusses an investigation that was conducted to better understand how families respond to the life-threatening illness or injury and eventual death of a family member. The purpose of the study was to define Family Management Styles (FMSs) and determine distinctive characteristics of each FMS used by families after the death of a family member who had life-sustaining therapy withdrawn as a result of an unexpected, life-threatening illness or injury. Interviews are conducted with 8 families (22 family members) 1 to 2 years after the death of their family members. A modified typology of FMSs based on a directed analysis that was then inductively modified includes: progressing, accommodating, maintaining, struggling, and floundering. Understanding FMSs and how FMSs may change over time, reflecting the changing focus of family work, will further aid in the development of family-focused interventions as well as develop FMSs within the context of end of life.

Continued Development of the Family Management Style Framework

Based on a review of 64 published reports, this article addresses the implications of current research for the further development of the Family Management Style Framework (FMSF). Articles are published in 46 different journals, including 13 in nursing and 12 in interdisciplinary outlets. Most studies are based on samples of less than 50 individuals. The review provides continuing support for the 8 dimensions of the framework, with between 8 and 16 reports supporting the relevance of each. Changes to the sociocultural component of the framework are proposed as well as wording changes to reflect the broader applicability of the framework. The family's social network, health care and education professionals, and resources predominate as key influences on family management.

Family Management Style Framework and Its Use With Families Who Have a Child Undergoing Palliative Care at Home

Palliative care settings in many countries acknowledge families as their prime focus of care, but in Brazil, to date, researchers have devoted scant attention to that practice setting. In this article, we report the findings of a study that explored how families define and manage their lives when they have a child or adolescent undergoing palliative care at home. Data included individual semistructured interviews with 14 family members of 11 different families. Interviews were transcribed and the coding procedure featured qualitative content analysis methods. The deductive coding was based on the major components of the Family Management Style Framework and the eight dimensions comprising these components. The analysis provides insight into families' daily practices and problems inherent in managing their everyday lives that are encountered when they have a child in palliative care. The article features discussion of implications for the palliative care related development of family nursing practice.

The Process of Family Management When a Baby Is Diagnosed With a Lethal Congenital Condition

The Family Management Style Framework (FMSF) was used as a conceptual basis for secondary data analysis of 55 previously conducted interviews with mothers and fathers of children with a lethal congenital condition from two surgical treatment eras. The directed content analysis was guided by a coding structure developed from family management dimensions identified in prior research of family response to childhood chronic conditions. Results indicated that application of the FMSF was helpful in differentiating families and their processes of family management at the onset of their infant's illness through to surviving the first surgery and going home. The dimensions of Illness View and Child Identity were central to the parents' capacity to manage their baby's illness demands within their family context. Applying a robust family framework to a complex neonatal condition at illness onset provides compelling direction for clinical interventions and their rigorous evaluation.

Adapting the Family Management Style Framework for Families Caring for Older Adults With Dementia

This article presents an adaptation of the Family Management Style Framework (FMSF)-a well-established framework of family response to chronic condition care of children-to families caring for older adults with dementia. Using the FMSF to better understand how families manage dementia care can provide clinicians with insights on how to work effectively with families. Using data from interviews with eight female caregivers of older adults with dementia, this secondary analysis adapts the FMSF, and identifies new dimensions that apply specifically to families caring for older adults with dementia. The discussion draws comparisons between the family management of a child with chronic condition to management of an older adult with dementia. The article concludes with a discussion of how understanding how families manage care of an older adult with dementia informs assessment for management styles and the tailoring of interventions specific to family, caregiver, and older adult needs.

Mothers’ Perception of Family and School life When their Children have a Chronic Condition

Background: It has long been recognized that family and school are important influences on the growth and development of a child with a chronic condition. Despite this growing consensus, few investigators have looked at this relationship. Guided by the Family Management Style Framework (FMSF), the purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the perceptions of mothers of children with chronic conditions about family and school life. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data gathered from 41 mothers who were interviewed for a larger study on families who have a child with a chronic condition. A constant comparative method was utilized for analyzing verbatim audio recorded interview transcripts. Results: The three themes identified were: view of child, family illness management and school. Four parameters described the view of child: the child’s current physical health, the child’s adjustment to the condition, the child’s participation in self-care activities, and the outlook on the child’s future. For family illness management, mothers described a variety of specific strategies and behaviors used by the family to manage the child’s condition in the context of the home. The school theme focused on communication between mothers and the school system, resources provided to the child’s school, specific parental concerns regarding their children and school, and confidence in the school personnel. Conclusions: Results described the mothers’ perceptions of school life and showed that this is the first step in understanding how to assist these families in managing the care of the child with a chronic condition in the school setting. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/ijcp54w

Family Management of a Chronic Health Condition

A growing number of adolescents and their families are dealing with a chronic health condition that impacts their daily life. Research using the Family Management Style Framework (FMSF) has added much to our understanding of how the family integrates chronic condition management into family life. Less clear, however, is the adolescent perspective of the FMSF components. The purpose of this secondary qualitative analysis was to explore 25 interviews of adolescents with spina bifida to uncover the adolescent's perspective of the three major FMSF components: Definition of the Situation, Management Behaviors, and Perceived Consequences. Adolescents were able to articulate their perspectives and their observations of their parents' behaviors that related to the three components and related dimensions of the framework. Data from this analysis led to proposed expansion of the FMSF definitions from an adolescent perspective. Implications for integrating the adolescent perspective into future research and clinical practice are discussed.

Invitation to Submit Manuscripts for a Special Issue of Journal of Family Nursing “New Directors for the Family Management Style Framework”

Invitation to Submit Manuscripts for a Special Issue of Journal of Family Nursing “New Directors for the Family Management Style Framework”

Can Quality of Work Life Affect Work Performance among Government Agriculture Extension Officers? A Case from Malaysia

Problem statement: The importance of agriculture industry in enhancing the country economy cannot be denied. Recently, a total of USD 1.7 billion has been allocated by the government to boost this industry. Beside of this huge allocation, do the policy implementers which are the agriculture extension officers have adequate work performance to carry out the responsibility given to them? Approach: This study would like to discover whether quality of work life among the agriculture extension employee do have impact their work performance or not. It is necessary to estimate quality of work life function in enhancing work performance, analyze the most important factor and variables on this work performance. The instruments used for collecting data were: A scale on individual and family life, a scale on safety and security on the organization, a scale on interpersonal relationship in the organization, a scale on job satisfaction, a scale on organizational policies and management style, a scale on personnel health and well being, a scale on work environment, a scale on remuneration and a scale on organizational support. The data were analyzed PASW software. Results: Results depict that all of the nine qualities of work life studied have significant and positive relationship with work performance where the highest relationship occurred between individual and family life with work performance. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that five factors which are individual and family life, job satisfaction, organization policy and management style, work environment and remuneration are the main contributors to work performance among government agricultural extension employees. Conclusion/Recommendations: From the results gained, it can be concluded that aspect of individual and family life is the highest contributor to work performance among government agriculture extension officer. It can be noted that more courses on how to manage individual and family life should be intensified. A specific counseling department should be established within agriculture agencies in Malaysia. From this study, it is recommended for the future researchers to investigate more on the influence of individual and family life on work performance and work satisfaction in Malaysia.

From Their Own Response: Experiences of Korean Children with Chronic Illness and Their Families

Purpose: This study was done to better understand how sick children and their families define chronic illness; what behaviors they used for managing chronic illness; and how they perceived the socio-cultural context of Korea. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of qualitative studies. Articles on children with a chronic illness and their families located in electronic databases were selected for review. Twenty one qualitative studies were reviewed. Qualitative studies that had used an analysis tool, the Family Management Style Framework were reviewed. Results: Children with chronic illness and their families tended to accept illness as a negative outcome and thought that they were deprived of the context of normality. In the traditional Korean family style, parents-in-law demand absolute obedience from their daughter-in-law, leading to a conflict between the two parties, which, in turn, may have negatively affected their perceptions of chronic illness. Western and oriental medical treatments were used, and participants sought an array of folk remedies. Conclusion: Culturally specific findings can help to better understand the difficulties faced by children with a chronic illness and their families and can provide invaluable input into the development of culturally appropriate and sensitive nursing interventions.

The Interplay of Concepts, Data, and Methods in the Development of the Family Management Style Framework

This article describes the process of development of the Family Management Style Framework. The FMSF is a conceptual representation of family response to a child's condition that takes into account the views of individual family members to conceptualize overall patterns of family response. The FMSF provides a more complete understanding of family life in the context of a child's chronic condition and directs researchers' and clinicians' efforts to assess family response, especially with regard to how condition management is incorporated into everyday family life. Framework development has included conceptual analyses of the literature, empirical studies of family management of childhood illness, and methodological work directed to treating the family as a unit of study and analysis. This article highlights how the interplay of conceptual, empirical, and methodological work advances knowledge development and presents lessons learned over the course of developing the FMSF.

Diversifying the Team

How do you define diversity in departmental or team environment? This question was posed to attendees of a pharmacy practice department heads roundtable session at American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) 2007 Annual Meeting. Most of responses fit into 1 of 3 categories: * Usually based on ethnicity/race. Also considers gender. * Valuable differences in members of team contributed by culture and * Multicultural/racial/gender. What is most striking about proffered definitions is that they tend to suggest emphasis on one dimension of diversity: demographics (eg, race, gender). Demographic diversity is, without question, critically important to academia, and much has been written about its significance in health professions. According to Institute of Medicine, increased demographic diversity among health professionals is related to greater access to health care in minority patient populations, improved patient options and satisfaction, better communication between health care professionals and patients, and more effective educational experiences for students of health science programs. (1) Recognizing significance of demographic diversity in academic pharmacy setting, AACP set forth an Issue Brief addressing diversity as it relates to pharmacy education, (2) and Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education has incorporated mandates related to diversity in its accreditation standards for academic pharmacy programs including demonstrated commitment (such as a values statement) on part of program to encourage faculty and student diversity. (3) Yet, demographic diversity is only one piece of larger diversity puzzle in academic pharmacy practice. In fact, this Viewpoint defines diversity in a more encompassing manner, similar to definition of Magazine Publishers of America (MPA): the act of recognizing, appreciating, valuing, and utilizing unique talents and contributions of all individuals regardless of differences or similarities relating to age, color, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, culture, ethnicity, language, national origin, physical appearance, disability, marital, parental or family status, communication or management style, educational level or background, [and] speed of learning or comprehension. (4) I further expanded MPA's definition to include experiential diversity, which is integral to academic pharmacy. Experiential diversity in a department of pharmacy practice can be defined as intellectual depth developed from a faculty with diverse disciplines/fields and professional and research experiences. Elements of experiential diversity include discipline/field of interest, practice, academic rank/appointment, and work experience. Promoting diversity in academic pharmacy practice is an attempt to reach a critical mass in order to have an intellectually stimulating environment to benefit students, faculty members, and society. Thus, this Viewpoints will address challenges and benefits of integrating a culture of diversity into academic pharmacy practice departments and set forth recommendations to diversify team. There are several challenges to building diversity within academic pharmacy practice. In order to have diversification, we must have a viable pipeline for recruitment. Foremost among challenges of recruiting faculty members include questionable or lack of interest in academia as a career, lower salary, and increased training requirements. The demand for pharmacy practice faculty candidates is high for several reasons including 30% increase in number of colleges/schools of pharmacy in past 20 years, as well as increased class enrollment among established colleges/schools of pharmacy. (5) Further restricting pool of potential candidates is competition from private sector, which offers salaries generally well above those found in academia (with sign-on and other bonuses frequently available). …

Family Management Styles and ADHD

A previous study identified four family management styles (FMSs) exhibited in families with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and suggested that understanding how families deal with a child's ADHD would provide additional information from which to create effective interventions. The present study used the FMS typology with a sample of children and adolescents with ADHD with the aims of demonstrating that FMSs could be reliably identified in a different clinical sample and clarifying changes in FMS that occur with treatment. All four FMSs were reliably identified in the sample and more than half of the families (56.3%) improved to a higher functioning FMS with treatment. The findings suggest that FMSs can elicit important information about family functioning and may assist clinical understanding of the child-family interaction that in turn facilitates treatment.

Family Management Styles Related to Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapy From Adults Who Are Acutely Ill or Injured

The purpose of this study is to define family management styles (FMSs) and determine distinctive characteristics of each FMS used by families participating in the process of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy from a family member with an unexpected, life-threatening illness or injury. A total of 56 family members of 19 families participated in interviews and observations. Data were managed and analyzed maintaining a family focus, and each family was first examined for within family patterns of management, then compared to other families to identify differing patterns. A typology of five FMSs emerged: progressing, accommodating, maintaining, struggling, and floundering. Within this typology, dimensions emerged describing the families' varying definitions of the situations, management behaviors, and consequences. FMSs were constructed through typifying how these dimensions differed across families. Understanding FMSs can aid health care providers as families are assessed and interventions are planned.