Family Transitions Research Articles

Adult Burn Survivors and Burn Care Staff Perceptions Regarding Transitioning From the Burn Unit: A Cross-Country Qualitative Study in Ghana and China.

Rehabilitative care for burn patients in developing countries is often wrought with several issues. Post-discharge support is equally challenging as there is often limited rehabilitative care as the burn survivors and their families transition. To inform practice, this study sought to explore the perspectives of adult burn survivors and burn care staff regarding transitioning from the burn unit and the development of a transitional rehabilitation programme. We employed interpretive description for this study. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with adult burn survivors and burn care staff across two tertiary healthcare facilities in Lanzhou, Gansu Province of China, and Ghana. The thematic analytical approach was employed to analyse the data. Forty-six participants comprising 26 adult burn survivors and 20 burn care staff participated in this study. Two themes and five subthemes emerged from the data. Transitioning from the burn unit to the home was described as complex with varied biopsychosocial needs emerging. However, available support was not comprehensive to resolve these needs. Existing pre-discharge support is limited across both settings. Burn survivors expressed interest in taking on an active role in the rehabilitation process and being able to self-manage their post-burn symptoms following discharge. Transitional rehabilitative support should include an active follow-up system, ensure patient- and family-centred support, and offer a bundle of comprehensive rehabilitative services using locally available items which do not financially burden burn survivors and their families. In conclusion, transitioning from the burn unit is filled with varied health needs. Transitional rehabilitative care is required to bridge the pre-discharge and post-discharge periods.

Having a garden or being in the city? The trade-offs and strategies of young middle-class families in Prague

ABSTRACT In recent decades, evolving residential preferences among young middle-class families have diversified spatial mobility patterns, challenging the traditional suburban inclination with the emergence of reurbanization tendencies. Our study employs the concept of life course and explores the decision-making process of housing relocation in a post-socialist city and how housing needs and preferences are confronted with what is affordable for young middle-class families. Through semi-structured interviews in the Prague Metropolitan Area, our findings reveal heterogeneous mobility responses to family transitions and housing market dynamics. A significant trade-off is identified between having a garden and residing in the city without a commute, highlighting variations in parental perceptions of an ideal childhood. Our research underscores distinctions in residential preferences and housing choices in post-socialist cities compared to Western counterparts, driven by factors such as privatism, unique perceptions of suitable housing for young families, and historical development influencing intergenerational transmission of residential preferences.

Childhood Family Transitions and Adolescent Dating Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study

Childhood Family Transitions and Adolescent Dating Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study

EMOTIONAL DISTRESS, ECONOMIC PRESSURE, AND WELL-BEING DURING COVID-19: THE ROLE OF A WARM ROMANTIC PARTNER

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused health threats especially for rural older adults. We know less about how characteristics prior to the pandemic impact how older adults fare during the pandemic. Guided by the Family Stress Model, the current study examined midlife economic pressure (age 39) to emotional distress (ages 40-42) and older adult (age 70) COVID-19-related well-being (financial strain, anxiety, general health), and how these associations differ by a warm spouse. Data come from the Family Transitions Project (1989, 1990-1992, 2017, 2020) and included rural white older adults from enduring marriages (N = 265). Multiple group analysis (structural equation modeling, full information maximum likelihood) revealed significant differences between two groups divided by low and high warmth from a spouse in 2017 (low = 135, high = 130). Chi-square difference test between fixed and free model was significant (∆X2 = 9.48, ∆df = 2, p < .01), and free model had an acceptable fit to the data (X2 = 90.616, df = 56, p < .01, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .07). For low warmth group (but not high), emotional distress from economic pressure in midlife significantly predicted financial strain (b = 1.02, SE = .35, p < .01) and anxiety (b = 1.03, SE = .20, p < .001) during COVID-19. General health during COVID-19 was associated with emotional distress in midlife but did not differ by group. Our findings help understand the role of marital warmth on how earlier family stressors impact older adult well-being during historical events like COVID-19.

Internal migration from and to municipalities in Slovakia with the highest proportion of people living in Roma settlements

The municipalities in Slovakia in which the majority of people live in Roma settlements are characterised by several specific features. However, only limited attention has been paid to the process of migration and especially internal migration. The main goal of this article is the analysis of internal migration in selected municipalities with the highest proportion (more than 80%) of people living in Roma settlements. We tried to identify both the total volume and intensity of internal migration from and to the analysed municipalities, along with the available structural characteristics of the persons who changed their permanent residence. The results we obtained confirmed lower migration dynamics in these municipalities. We also found that economic factors do not play a significant role in migration within Slovakia. The most important reasons for migration were housing, for younger people following a family member who migrated, and, in older age groups, health reasons, especially in the case of emigrants. Factors behind the younger age of migrants from and to these municipalities include the fact that these migrants tend to complete education and begin some family transitions (childbearing, marriage) earlier than the majority population. Higher chances of migration were confirmed for more educated persons and, except among younger people, for people who not married. The results also confirmed the relatively narrow geographical area in which migration occurs, with most moves taking place over a short distance.

Children’s and parents’ perspectives of their multiple and multi-dimensional international transitions: Longitudinal study across four time points

Existing literature presents a fragmented and negative account of international family transitions. This longitudinal study focuses on the contemporaneous experiences of internationally mobile families during their transitions to a new country and international school, drawing on Multiple and Multi-dimensional Transitions (MMT) Theory. The study adopted a small-scale, multiple case study design and focused on the experiences of primary aged children and their parents over the period of one year from July 2019 to July 2020. The findings, presented here as a cross-section, revealed that participants navigated multiple, complex transitions across several domains and contexts on a daily basis and that their transition experiences were largely positive. This study challenges previous chronological models of international transitions and demonstrates that through the application of MMT theory, international family transitions are best understood as ongoing, complex, and multi-dimensional processes.

The Role of Resilience in the Impact of Family Economic Adversity on Youth Emotional Distress over Time.

Previous research has highlighted the enduring negative impact of family economic adversity on youth emotional well-being. However, the longitudinal mechanism underlying the link between economic adversity and emotional distress is less explored. The present study examined the longitudinal pathway of parent economic adversity, and parent and adolescent emotional distress at age 16, parental support at age 21, youth self-esteem and mastery at age 23, and adult emotional distress at age 27. Data came from the Family Transitions Project (N = 441, 57% female), a 30-year study of families from the rural Midwest. Structural equation models revealed that economic adversity exerted a long-term negative influence on adult emotional well-being through parent and adolescent emotional distress and youth self-esteem and mastery. Additionally, parental support was associated with adult emotional distress through youth self-esteem and mastery. The current study advances our understanding of youth emotional well-being by suggesting a longitudinal family process and resilience pathways from adolescence to early adulthood.

사실혼으로서 동성생활공동체

The Korean family has experienced diversity. Being in appearance, nuclear family has been reduced, single person household is getting absolute majority, and marriage and birth rate are seriously decreased. On the basis of superficial alterations, Koreans' perception about family is newly formed. As a result, people are most receptive to living together without marriage.
 However, Korean legal system does not accept the internal and external transition of family at all. The Korean civil law stands on the principle of legal marriage and does not stipulate de facto marriage relation. Despite all that, de facto marriage relation which has been acknowledged by legal theory and precedents is provided legal protection. But, the definition about de facto marriage is not clear. Basically, when the parties which are able to marry with legally, live together under social recognition without marriage registration, it is protected as de facto marriage. On the other hand the couple who were in same family lineage and thereby could not legally marry with by the previous Korean civil Law were recognized as de facto marriage relation. Furthermore, in the case of social security like pension, the spouse who had been in prohibition of marriage by the Korean civil law, was recognized as de facto marriage partner.
 Legal theory and precedents demand parties' intention of marriage, living together under supporting each other, and obtaining social approval as the conditions of de facto marriage. Parties' internal intention of marriage is presumed when the couple live together under supporting each other and receive social approval. Nevertheless, the Korean court does not admit same sex couple as de facto marriage relation, even if they live together under supporting each other and obtaining social acknowledge. The reason for it is that they can not marry with legally. This paper examines that the position of Korean court is not proper in the stage of getting fact finding and applying provisions of Korean civil law in the lawsuit. It claims also that on the basis of major legal theory and precedents about de facto marriage same sex couple belong to the relation.

First-principles study of electronic structure and metallization of Mg2Pb under high pressure

The high-pressure electronic structure and electrical properties of Mg2Pb are investigated from ambient pressure to 42 GPa by first-principles calculation. Mg2Pb undergoes reversible structural transitions from Fm3‾m structure to Pnma structure and then to P63/mmc structure. The structural phase transitions are determined respectively at around 6 GPa and 28 GPa using pressure-dependent enthalpy calculations, which are also reflected from the cell volume collapse and discontinuous axial ratios of lattice constants. The sliding of Mg and Pb atomic layers is revealed via the Mg1–Pb–Mg2 atom pair during structural phase transitions, corresponding to abrupt decrease of c/b and a/b. The semimetal-to-metal transition is also observed at approximately 28 GPa owing to energy-band closure, whilst metallic character is strengthened with increasing pressure. The paper is prone to theoretically explore the structural phase transition and metallization of Mg2Pb-type family under extreme conditions.

The Supremacy of Love and Trust Over Material Gains, In Sudha Murthy’s “House of Cards”

The subjects covered in this research paper include the manner in which one's behaviour can be influenced by money. It examines the falseness and deception of those who are wealthy, illustrating their true nature through real situations. The plot of the novel “House of Cards” written by prolific writer Sudha Murthy, revolves around Mridula, a village girl who marries a doctor, Sanjay. It explores the meaning of marriage and delves into the depths of corruption while also illustrating the differences in lifestyles between the two parties involved. After they're married, their financial situation doesn't improve much, as they go through ups and downs. Mrs. Mridula is based in Bangalore while her husband is pursuing his post-graduate degree. Their marriage appears to be quite stable at this point, as Sanjay starts a nursing home with his friend Alex. It quickly gains popularity and profits. Money brings with it the ability to exert power and possess greed, as seen in this family's transition to a luxurious home with numerous cars and maids for assistance. "House of Cards" explores topics such as wealth, inequality, poverty, and corruption in India through its storyline. It sheds light on how those who deserve seats the most are not getting them and on how fake and superficial the lives of the rich are. The paper illustrates the necessity of trust, honesty and compassion for a relationship to thrive, as well as how money can break a family and a marriage apart.

Life-course generational placements and health and wellbeing in later life

Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that family transitions, specifically births and deaths of preceding and following generations within families, are associated with individuals' later-life wellbeing and health. However, lifecourse, family systems and role theories suggest that this relationship might be complex because, as individuals age, they can experience multiple such events and their effects might be interconnected. Therefore, this study asks whether and how transitions into and out of multiple intergenerational family roles are associated with later-life wellbeing and health. We account for the occurrence, timing and ordering of the parents' death and the birth of the first child and grandchild. To this end, we use the concept of ‘generational placement trajectories’. They capture the vertical position of individuals in their intergenerational family over age and reflect the changing family roles and kinship reservoir of individuals across their lifecourse. Applying sequence, cluster and regression analyses to data from the German Ageing Survey (N = 3,617), we investigate associations between generational placement trajectories from birth to age 60 and four dimensions of later-life wellbeing and health, namely life satisfaction, depressiveness, functional limitations and physical health problems. Results support, first, the notion of salutary effects of a larger kinship reservoir and multiple social roles in the family and, second, indicate that ‘off-time’ transitions are associated negatively with various later-life wellbeing and health outcomes. Importantly, the effect of temporal deviations from the ‘normative’ family lifecourse might be affected by individual socio-economic differences. We enhance previous research by demonstrating that the occurrence, timing and ordering of transitions into and out of multiple kin relations and family roles across the lifecourse relate to individuals' later-life wellbeing and health.

Analysis of the Security Challenges Facing the DS-Lite IPv6 Transition Technology

This paper focuses on one of the most prominent IPv6 transition technologies named DS-Lite (Dual-Stack Lite). The aim was to analyze the security threats to which this technology might be vulnerable. The analysis is based on the STRIDE method, which stands for Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, and Elevation of Privilege. A testbed was built for the DS-Lite topology using several virtual machines, which were created using CentOS Linux images. The testbed was used to perform several types of attacks against the infrastructure of DS-Lite, especially against the B4 (Basic Bridging Broadband) and the AFTR (Address Family Transition Router) elements, where it was shown that the pool of source ports can be exhausted in 14 s. Eventually, the most common attacks that DS-Lite is susceptible to were summarized, and methods for mitigating such attacks were proposed.

A Qualitative Analysis of Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care for Patients with Autism and Intellectual Disabilities (P13-9.010)

<h3>Objective:</h3> We aim to evaluate and improve the pediatric to adult transition process for young adults with autism or intellectual disability. <h3>Background:</h3> Transition from pediatric to adult care is a daunting process for patients, especially those with autism and intellectual disabilities. Access to insurance, management of finances, and identifying a qualified primary adult care physician are some of the barriers to care. Pediatric neurology clinics play a critical role in preparing their families for the transition from pediatrics to adult care. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We assessed the current process to advise families on the adult transition process and available resources. We created a questionnaire to assess guardians’ comfort and understanding of the adult transition process. Questions probed guardians’ confidence concerning accessing resources, plans made by providers, and other aspects of the transition process. <h3>Results:</h3> Review of current processes revealed a lack of standardized procedures for adult transition planning. Age at the first conversation about transition varied, there were redundant resources, and outdated online resources that caused delays in transition and confusion for families. Additionally, there was an insufficient breadth of resources to serve the diverse socioeconomic and health literacy levels of the patient families. Preliminary results of guardian questionnaires showed confidence in the general understanding of transitioning from pediatrics to adult providers but were not confident when questioned about how to access resources, having a detailed plan, and knowledge of patient rights. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Results suggest that guardians have confidence in the idea of transition broadly but lack sufficient knowledge or resources to successfully execute the process. We will continue to collect questionnaires and conduct semi-structured interviews with guardians of adolescent patients in order to generate a standardized process for pediatric to adult transitioning. The new process should increase patient knowledge, increase provider accountability, and improve efficiency of the transition process. <b>Disclosure:</b> Ms. Carter has nothing to disclose. Mr. Chambers has nothing to disclose.

Family Risk Exposure Profiles During Early Childhood: Developmental Processes and Adolescent Well-Being.

Although prior work indicates that exposure to multiple family risk factors negatively impacts adjustment in childhood and adolescence, few studies have examined whether children in high-risk families transition in and out of adversity during early childhood and whether patterns of change matter for adjustment in adolescence. Using data from a sample of 216 caregiver-child dyads participating in a study of prenatal cocaine exposure (116 exposed and 100 non-exposed; 50.9% girls), we used latent transition analysis to identify distinct profiles of early exposure to caregiver substance use (SU) and SU-related familial risk (caregiver psychological distress, exposure to violence, harshness, and low sensitivity) and the association between these profiles and adolescent well-being (i.e., hope, happiness, and life satisfaction). Assessments occurred when children were 13, 24, 36, and 48 months and during kindergarten (Mmonths = 66.16, SD = 4.47) and early adolescence (Myears = 13.26, SD = 0.88). Caregivers self-identified as 72.09% Black, 15.81% White, 10.23% Hispanic/Latinx, 1.40% other, and 0.47% American Indian. Four profiles of varying levels of exposure to caregiver SU and SU-related risks were identified from infancy to kindergarten: SU/family risks, no SU/low family risks, SU/negative parenting, and SU/low family risks. Most children stayed in the same profile (64.2%), while the rest transitioned between profiles. Children exposed to caregiver SU and family adversity had lower positive outcomes in adolescence. Stable membership in the SU/family risks profile had significant maladaptive consequences on adolescent well-being. Implications for research and the design of tailored interventions to promote well-being among at-risk youth are discussed.

Transitioning to college with ADHD: a qualitative examination of parental support and the renegotiation of the parent-child relationship.

Objective: In the transition to college, students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often face difficulties. Parental support may aid in the successful adjustment to college, and a strong parent-child relationship (PCR) may optimize the balance between autonomy and support necessary during this transition. Method: Few studies have examined this; therefore, a qualitative study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was conducted. First- and second-year college students with ADHD participated in open-ended, one-on-one interviews (N = 11; 64% women, 91% White). Results: The two broad categories of findings included Parental Support and the Renegotiation of the Parent-Child Relationship. Participants described feeling supported by their parents in the progress toward their short- and long-term goals. Students described this support as helpful when they managed or initiated the contact, but as unhelpful when the parent was perceived as over involved. They described a strong PCR in this transition as helpful to their adjustment and enjoyed the renegotiation of the PCR in terms of their own increased autonomy and responsibility. Many additional themes and sub-themes are described herein. Conclusion: Optimal levels of involvement and support from parents in the context of a strong PCR is beneficial for adjustment to college for those with ADHD. We discuss the clinical implications of our findings, such as therapists helping families transition to college, and working with college students with ADHD on an adaptive renegotiation of the PCR in their transition to adulthood.

Factors Influencing Parents' Perception of Their Infants' Transition From a 6-Bed Pod to Single Family Room in a Mixed-Room Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

While hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), infants and their families undergo multiple transitions, and these have been found to be a source of stress for families. Although mixed-room NICU designs allow for infants to benefit from different room types as their needs evolve during their stay, these can necessitate a transfer from one room type to another, which represents a transition for families. As some NICUs change to mixed-room designs, there is a need to better understand the factors impacting these particular transitions from the perception of parents. Examine parent perceptions of factors affecting the transition from a 6-bed pod to single family room in a mixed-room design NICU. Using a qualitative descriptive design, semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 parents whose infant had transitioned from a 6-bed pod to single family room. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and then analyzed using content analysis. Four categories of factors were identified: (1) framing, timing, and comprehensiveness of information provided by staff regarding the transition; (2) parents' perception of advantages and disadvantages of the new space; (3) parent's own well-being and quality of support from staff; and (4) parent's previous NICU and parenting experience. Staff should frame the information they provide about this transition in a positive way to help parents adjust. A family-centered approach should also be used to provide tailored information and support to individual families. Future studies are needed into intraunit transfers including sources of support for parents, as well as staff perceptions of these transitions.

Dynamics of Life Course Family Transitions in Germany: Exploring Patterns, Process and Relationships

Dynamics of Life Course Family Transitions in Germany: Exploring Patterns, Process and Relationships

Relationship between Parent-Child Attachment and Problem Behaviors among Chinese Firstborn Children in Family Transitions: A Meta-Analysis

Relationship between Parent-Child Attachment and Problem Behaviors among Chinese Firstborn Children in Family Transitions: A Meta-Analysis

Disorder-Induced Topological State Transition in the Optical Skyrmion Family.

Skyrmions endowed with topological protection have been extensively investigated in various platforms including magnetics, ferroelectrics, and liquid crystals, stimulating applications such as memories, logic devices, and neuromorphic computing. While the optical counterpart has been proposed and realized recently, the study of optical skyrmions is still in its infancy. Among the unexplored questions, the investigation of the topology induced robustness against disorder is of substantial importance on both fundamental and practical sides but remains elusive. In this Letter, we manage to generate optical skyrmions numerically in real space with different topological features at will, providing a unique platform to investigate the robustness of various optical skyrmions. A disorder-induced topological state transition is observed for the first time in a family of optical skyrmions composed of six classes with different skyrmion numbers. Intriguingly, the optical skyrmions produced from a vectorial hologram are exceptionally robust against scattering from a random medium, shedding light on topological photonic devices for the generation and manipulation of robust states for applications including imaging and communication.

Homecoming as a Gendered Practice in Danish Military Families

This article explores the complicated process of post-deployment homecoming in military families in Denmark. Based on qualitative interviews with spouses and children of formerly deployed soldiers, the article analyses some of the main challenges related to homecoming and military-to-family transitions in military families. It illuminates how deployment affects family practices and social relations by especially focusing on gender equality, fatherhood, and masculinity. Based on interviews with spouses and children, the article outlines three masculinity positions available to Danish homecoming veterans: gender equality masculinities, militarized masculinities, and troubled masculinities.