Family Tensions Research Articles

A Study on Potential Leadership Approaches to Address Gender-Based Constraints Effective Preparedness for Disasters in Nepal

Introduction: Nepal is known for its cultural diversity and ethnicity. Despite its unique characteristics, Nepalese society has marked visible social and gender divisions that constrain the overall growth of the nation. Low decision-making power, poor control over assets, long working hours, inadequate membership to community institutions, poor access to credit services, and lack of access to appropriate information are some key indicators. However, it was also worth mentioning that places where there is effective leadership to address the gender-based constraints, the outcomes are more promising in attaining growth, dignity, self-confidence, and respect, answering to some of the common constraints. Methods: This research relies on literature review, expert interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), simulations, and Key Informant Interviews. The expert interviews were conducted in-person to get detailed information on some of the organization-based interventions. Results: The study showed that since the 2015 earthquake in Nepal, the workload pressure has increased especially for women. It also increased the exposure to some of the common risks such as gender-based violence, women & child trafficking, abuses, stress, family tension, health care issues, fear, and other challenges. However, leaderships shown by organizations, communities, and individuals have positive impact on reducing gender-based violence. Also, reduction of other constraints such as long walking to fetch water, long working hours, restricted movements, decision making for self-improvement, lack of recognition, and seeking permission to attend social events has been addressed by community level and individual leaderships. The places where such constraints of the women have been addressed, their engagement in disaster preparedness activities are more promising. Conclusion: The research study concluded that there is potential leadership among women groups, family members, and community-based organizations to ensure the reduction of gender-based constraints, and it is helping women for productive engagement.

STATE OF FAMILY FUNCTIONING OF LONG-DISTANCE SAILORS OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPS AND LEVELS OF PSYCHO-SOCIAL STRESS

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of family anxiety as an indicator of family functioning and the level of psychosocial stress (PS) in long-distance sailors, to determine further targets of personalized mental health measures for this contingent. Contingent and research methods. During 2016-2019, 110 officers of the command staff of the Maritime Merchant Navy, 90 sailors of the Maritime Merchant Fleet, 70 representatives of the command unit of the Maritime Passenger Fleet and 30 privates of the Maritime Passenger Fleet were surveyed. All were examined by men, citizens of Ukraine. The study included the use of clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic methods. The study revealed differences in the manifestations of family guilt, family tension and family anxiety in the command staff and sailors of the merchant and passenger fleets. The greatest influence on the intensity of family anxiety was exerted by the level of PS: at low levels of stress the indicators of family anxiety (including its individual components) were the lowest, and at severe stress the indicators of family anxiety were the highest. The basis of «family anxiety», as a rule, was the poorly perceived insecurity of the sailor in some very important aspect of family life (for example, insecurity in the feelings of his wife to himself, or insecurity). Often such worries, contrary to self-image, were supplanted, which led to anxiety in family relationships. An important component of «family anxiety» was the feeling of helplessness and inability to interfere in the course of events in the family, in order to direct them in the desired direction. Sailors with «family anxiety» did not feel like a significant actor in the family (despite the real warming of an important position and active role in the family). The influence of social group (command staff or sailors) and the type of fleet (commercial or passenger) on the level of family anxiety, family guilt and family tensions was secondary. Keywords: long-distance sailors, psychosocial stress, family anxiety, family functioning.

『피에르, 혹은 모호함』

Herman Melville’s Pierre: or, The Ambiguities develops the psychological, sexual, and family tension between Pierre, his widowed mother(Mrs. Glendinning), his cousin(Glen), his fiancée(Lucy) and his half-sister(Isabel). One of the main issues Melville deals with in this novel is the incestuous relationship between Pierre and Isabel along with the incestuous familial relation with his mother. While some previous studies have focused on the issue from the Freudian perspective, this paper uses Deleuze and Guattari’s critique of the Freudian Oedipal Complex to understand it. Deleuze and Guattari argue that the Oedipal model of the family is a kind of organization that colonizes its members, represses their desires, and gives them complexes. Such psychological repression forms docile individuals. Furthermore, they argue that a capitalist society needs a powerful tool to counteract the explosive force of desire, which has the potential to threaten its structures of exploitation, servitude, and hierarchy; the nuclear family is the powerful tool able to counteract those forces. Pierre subjected to the Oedipal structure resists the “law of the father” when realizing the existence of his illegitimate half-sister, Isabel who he gets married to later. As Isabel, a minoritarian, is not subordinated to the Oedipal structure, her existence itself threatens Mrs. Glendinning who represents a majority and she has a revolutionary power to deconstruct the fictitious organization of Oedipus Complex.

COVID-19: Isolations, Quarantines and Domestic Violence in Rural Areas

It was argued that the coronavirus pandemic is likely to lead to an increase in the occurrence of domestic violence incidents against women, while victims are forced to quarantine at home with potentially abusive family members. In this context, it was found that women living in rural areas are at increased risk. In defining their vulnerability was observed least school years, black race and young age (young women) of raped and abused women. The spouse was also identified as the main aggressor, who practiced physical violence, with recurrence, within the victim's own residence, associated with the abusive use of alcoholic beverages. It has alerted the world to this problem and called attention to the need to promote strategies to protect women. It is known that women and men experience pandemics in different ways and those circumstances, in addition to strengthening situations of women's vulnerability, tend to aggravate family tensions, especially in families with a history of recurrent domestic violence.

Parenting challenges of African immigrants in Alberta, Canada

AbstractAfrican immigrant children and youth have some of the poorest social and mental health outcomes in Canada. Although parenting challenges have been widely documented as a key driver of these outcomes, limited systematic research has investigated this phenomenon. In this paper, we report the results of a study examining parenting challenges among a sample of African immigrant parents in Alberta, Canada. We relied on the theoretical lens of transnationalism to collect and analyse data from a purposive sample of African community leaders (n = 14), African immigrant parents (n = 32), and a range of stakeholders (n = 30). Our thematic data analysis revealed several intricately intertwined parenting challenges, organized around six overarching themes, namely, cultural incompatibility, family tension, state interference, limited social supports, poor access to services, and low socioeconomic status. We present these themes and the policy and service implications of our findings.

Matters of the Heart: Romance, Courtship, and Conjugality in Contemporary Delhi

AbstractThis article explores narratives of heterosexual romance and conjugality in Wazirpur, a neighbourhood in north west Delhi, dominated by the steel industry and populated by a largely migrant workforce. Focusing primarily on two generations of women, it considers how the relationship between romantic love and marriage is articulated, performed and imagined. The oral accounts presented here suggest a multidirectional pattern of marital mobility, which is grounded in social conventions of conjugality. Familial tensions and social fault lines appear over marital decisions, crystallizing especially when elopements or ‘court marriages’ take place. The romantic relationships and forms of courtship in Wazirpur have to discursively and spatially negotiate the tensions between social approval and individual choice. While increasingly, a considerable degree of significance is accorded to the emotional bond between the couple, parental support and the public performance of respectability remain central to marital formations. The article suggests that the intimate and the emotional are not only located in the interior of the individual but are forged by intersecting and often competing registers of social regulation.

Editor's Note

Editor's Note Jason Kyle Howard The years changed things; destroyed things; heaped things up—worries and bothers; here they were again," Virginia Woolf writes in e Years, the story of a family in London navigating the changes wrought by nearly sixty successive years of loss, family tensions, political strife, war, and heartache. True to life, some of the characters find [End Page 6] themselves encountering the same issues over and over again in subtle acts of eternal recurrence. Some are liberated, while others feel trapped, caught in one of time's wrinkles. The pandemic has sometimes made me feel that way. Time has stood curiously still. And then it feels as if we are moving in warp speed, with a velocity that is fast and jarring, before things slow again to a near standstill. Some days are mind-numbingly the same; others have offered a measure of variety. One of my constants, of course, has been reading, and I have found myself returning to some of my favorite authors, such as Woolf and James Baldwin, for stability and wisdom. I hope this issue of Appalachian Review can provide some of that same anchoring. "Market Forces," an excerpt from an upcoming novel by Mark Powell, examines the effects of ecoterrorism on an Appalachian town. Sheila R. Lamb's short story "The Spring" brims with mystery and is enchanting in every sense of the word. The two essays featured here—"Keats in Your Time of Pandemic" by Kathleen Driskell and "Where Have All the Safety Pins Gone?" by Angela Jackson-Brown—each manage a remarkable feat. Timely, rooted in our present moment, they are also enduring, carrying themes and meanings that are perpetual in nature. Likewise, poetry by Jason B. Crawford, Benjamin Cutler, Emry Trantham, John Q. Mars, Melva Sue Priddy, Laura Long, and Eileen Elizabeth offer exquisite moments of lyricism, grief, and beauty. We are proud to feature a new poem from Ansel Elkins, winner of the 2014 Yale Younger Poets Prize, who also reflects on her poetry and teaching in an insightful conversation. Jessie van Eerden, author of the forthcoming epistolary novel Call It Horses, explores the enduring resonance of the form in her craft essay "This Present Absence." Our current year has certainly changed and destroyed things. It has heaped things up, revealing disparities and [End Page 7] inequities that have long been ignored, that must be confronted and changed. We can make it, I am convinced, by being responsible in our everyday lives. By wearing our masks. By listening—by hearing and heeding the cries for justice. And by allowing the power of stories, to paraphrase Ansel Elkins, to expand our souls. [End Page 8] Copyright © 2020 Berea College

Stress and Stroke: Psychological Approach Patients in Middle Hospitalier

Introduction: Human beings are confronted with several trying situations that generate stress. Psychopathological manifestations such as anxiety, anxiety, depression, appear as an imbalance in the personality of individuals. Stroke and its increasing frequency in terms of death but especially morbidity has become one of the leading sources of disability in the world. Its appearance is medically described as caused by vascular risk factors. Our goal was to study the impact of stress on the onset and worsening of a stroke. Methodology: This was the clinical method, the aim of which was to identify any stressful event in the patient’s life and its psychological consequences in order to establish a link between the impact of stress and the stroke; of the semi-directive clinical interview in order to leave the subject a great possibility of expression on the themes associated with our objective then the inferential descriptive method for the evaluation of psychological factors using several scales including The CISS and the STAI. The inclusion criteria were the existence of a stroke, and the existence of a good state of cognitive functions. Results: In our summary analysis, it appears that the stroke would result from chronic stress objectively detected by coping from the CISS and the STAI. The most stressful events on the Holmes and Rahe Scale were; on the family level: the death of a loved one, the illness of a loved one, incessant arguments, family tensions, family violence. On a personal level: illness, sentimental disappointment, abandonment; alcohol, drugs; and finally on the professional level, dismissal and professional conflict. Conclusion: Stress is a psychological factor that increases the occurrence of a stroke, but also constitutes a determining disturbing element in patients with one or more vascular risk factors.

We Are Family

We Are Family Cruz Medina (bio) The House of Broken Angels Luis Alberto Urrea Little, Brown and Company www.littlebrown.com/titles/luis-alberto-urrea/the-house-of-broken-angels/9780316516259/ 368 Pages; Print, $11.99 The House of Broken Angels by Luis Alberto Urrea brings to life the story of a family gathering for the funeral of the de la Cruz family's oldest living member, Mamá América, in what the author describes as "a Mexican Finnegan's Wake." On the day after the funeral, the family celebrates the last birthday of Big Angel, who is deteriorating from cancer and concerned with who will take his place as the family's patriarch. Full of humor, tender moments, and feelings of loss, this story of a multigenerational family reuniting presents a complicated, at times heartwarming, glimpse of an individual Mexican American family at a time of grief and joy, providing a necessary slice of humanity. The pages drip with the inside jokes by family members deathly afraid of the silence that hangs thick with tension from the passage of time that collapses amongst loved ones, bringing back youthful longing and forgotten heartache. In House of Broken Angels, Urrea follows in the tradition of Latinx storytellers. A family tree at the end of the novel diagrams the de la Cruz family and harkens back to the Buendia family of Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). Instead of a Columbian village learning of the invention of ice, Urrea's House invents a San Diego barrio with true-to-life depictions of the harsh realities that immigrants face crossing into the US, struggles to keep a family together, confrontations with racism, and reconciliation with the myth of the American Dream. For audiences desiring the familial tales from times past, Urrea includes the struggle of life in Mexico that precipitates crossing over into the US. Over the course of the two days when the novel takes place, Urrea takes the reader on a flashback to Big Angel's youth, setting out to earn money as a young man on a boat with an unscrupulous Chentebent. Wanting to make his way in the world and out of the Mexican city of La Paz, Big Angel escapes the boat of Chentebent, where Angel is captive to the whims of the drunken and criminally violent boat captain. Though not as dire as circumstances facing Central Americans in countries ravaged by narco violence, Angel's experience in Mexico helps the audience to understand how motivations to migrate often come from life-threatening factors back at home that are beyond a migrant's control. In the context of Trump-era "build the wall" political rhetoric, Urrea includes complicated histories and generations of crossing the border, with the voices of former crossers and the children of immigrants. Almost torn from headlines circulating in social media, The House of Broken Angels includes the voices of an emboldened woman in Target who tells family members to "go back to their own country" and the everyday racist command to "speak English." The novel does not linger on these moments for too long, although their inclusion undergirds the world in which the characters occupy as one anchored in our own politically turbulent moment. In his good-natured way, Urrea tells a very real story of a Mexican American family with a divorce that forever damaged relationships between characters and mixed backgrounds that include an educated professor, Little Angel, Yndio the Cher impersonator, someone simply called "Pato" (because of his duck laugh), and Lalo the army vet. Lalo grapples with having served and injured in the US army overseas, though he is unable to receive citizenship as the army recruiter promised. The familial tensions are timeless while the individuals caught in the flawed immigration process and the struggle for LGBTQIA rights speak to commonplaces in our current political landscape. Never one to dedicate too much text to description, Urrea captures the feelings and smells of homes with well-placed asides about the merits of instant coffee or facial tattoos indicative of a gang murder. Capturing differing perspectives in the multigenerational family, the dialogue is layered with...

Mirāt ul-‘Urūson the Small Screen: Family TV Dramas and the Making of Pious Publics in Pakistan

This article analyses three Pakistani television adaptations of Nazir Ahmad’s novel Mirāt ul-‘Urūs to better understand the role of television dramas, an entertainment genre, in shaping pious publics. Scholarly attention to the novel, notably Shenila Khoja-Moolji’s work (2018) on the two most recent adaptations, primarily discuss feminine piety, women’s education and modes of instilling middle class values for women in these narratives. This article shifts focus to examine more broadly how dramas contend with family tensions, how they conceptualise familial duty, and how this widened focus on family provides new insights on religion in these adaptations. The article explores the concept of ‘religious-adjacent’ issues (‘ side-chizen’), a category that emerges from ethnographic fieldwork in the Pakistani television industry. This framing helps us understand not only the ways in which narratives are structured around private piety and tensions arising from familial duty, but also the changing forms of circulation and online audience engagement of these dramas, all of which play an important role in shaping religious publics in contemporary Pakistan.

An Analysis on the Effects of Unemployment on Rural Youth in the Sahel: A Case Study of Rural Areas of Madaoua in the Region of Tahoua, Niger

In recent years, young people in nearly every country in the Sahel, experience bad labor market outcomes. In Niger, 5, 9 million people are active, of which 6% are unemployed and 26% are underemployed (INS, 2017). Agriculture alone accounts for 75.6% of the active population. 6.3 % of this population has independent business and 4.3% is in livestock, fishing or hunting. Artisans and industrial workers as well as state officials make up a significant proportion. The age group of 15 to 29 years is the most affected by unemployment with a rate of 23.7% (INS, 2017). Furthermore, about 1.5 million young people aged between 13 and 19 are out of the education system (INS, 2017). Unemployment among rural young people in the Sahel particularly in Niger has been a serious cause for concern as the lack of employment opportunities and career choices make easy their participation in criminal activities and their enrollment in terrorist. Additional personal and social costs associated with unemployment include poverty, debt, homelessness and housing stress, family tensions and breakdown, boredom, alienation, shame and stigma, increased social isolation, crime, erosion of confidence and self-esteem. The general objectives of this study are to measure the extent of some of the personal and social costs associated with unemployment in the rural area of Madaoua in the region of Tahoua, Republic of Niger and to test the willingness of the companies and Non Government Organization (NGO) to recruit in rural area when the qualifications exist. The article used multi-stage sampling technique. At the 1st stage, one rural district was selected randomly from the rural town of the department of Madaoua. At the 2nd stage, two villages were selected from the selected rural district using simple random sampling technique. At the final stage, 120 respondents consisting of 60 from each village were surveyed. Another survey was conducted toward potential employers. The study revealed the existent of socio-economic and psychological impacts on unemployed rural young people. The study also showed that the personal and social costs associated with unemployment are reduced by better economic status of the unemployed person’s family. Finally, the study pointed out that the low level of work-related competences held by young people in rural area played a significant role on youth unemployment in rural area.

Analysis of family anxiety in women with depressive disorders of different genesis and macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial maladaptation of different expression

252 women with depressive disorders were examined: 94 people were with psychogenic (prolonged depressive reaction caused by adjustment disorder), 83 women were with endogenous (depressive episode; recurrent depressive disorder; bipolar disorder, current episode of depression) and 75 patients were with organic depression (organic affective disorders). 48 women had no signs of psychosocial maladaptation, the remaining 204 had manifestations of macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial maladaptation of varying severity. The features of family anxiety in women with depression of various origins and different severity of macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial maladaptation were investigated in order to determine the target targets of differentiated psychosocial rehabilitation of patients in this contingent. Clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic methods were used. There was revealed a general tendency towards an increase in the indicators of family guilt, family anxiety and family tension as the degree of macrosocial, mesosocial and microsocial maladaptation increased. At the same time, the greatest differences in indicators were observed between the groups with moderate and severe maladaptation, and the smallest differences were observed between the groups without signs of disadaptation and with signs of mild maladaptation. The data obtained should be taken into account when developing treatment and rehabilitation measures for patients of this contingent.

Characteristics and Consequences of Family Support in Latino Dementia Care.

The purpose of this study is to explore variations in family support for Latino dementia caregivers and describe the role of the family in dementia caregiver stress processes. Content analysis is utilized with themes derived inductively from 16 in-depth interviews with Latino caregivers recruited in California from 2002 to 2004. Three types of family support are described: extensive (instrumental and emotional support from family, n = 3), limited (instrumental support from one family member, n = 7), and lacking (no support from family, n = 6). Most caregivers report limited support, high risk for burnout and distress, and that dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms are obstacles to family unity. Caregivers with extensive support report a larger family size, adaptable family members, help outside of the family, and formalized processes for spreading caregiving duties across multiple persons. Culturally competent interventions should take into consideration diversity in Latino dementia care by (a) providing psychoeducation on problem solving and communication skills to multiple family members, particularly with respect to the nature of dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and by (b) assisting caregivers in managing family tensions - including, when appropriate, employing tactics to mobilize family support.

The Science and Politics of Climate Change in Steve Waters’ The Contingency Plan

Abstract Recent movies have relished depicting nature striking back at a human population that has forsaken her. Films like The Day After Tomorrow, 2012, and San Andreas embrace the apocalyptic destruction of cities around the globe by way of sub-zero hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, tornados, and other natural disasters. Surprisingly, the British theatre is equally engaged (albeit less spectacularly) in exploring the same threat. Namely, what happens when the natural world strikes back and begins to encroach against our established homesteads and populated cities. One of the best-known plays on the topic of climate change is Steve Waters’ The Contingency Plan (2009). Waters delves into the growing crisis of rising water tables to low lying areas of England by exploring the effect it has personally on an aging climate scientist and his wife and politically on their son, also a scientist, who is charged by two newly installed government officials with preparing Britain for the looming watery disaster. Eschewing the bombastic Hollywood nature of disaster films, Waters’ play is intimately crafted, showing the dangerous and fatal disruptions of the changing natural world, and, more specifically, the negotiations that take place between science and politics when it comes to the unpredictability of rising sea levels. My article examines this work in relation to how it approaches the threat of climate change to the British Isles by exploring Waters’ exploration of how politics, science, and family tensions affect the climatic future of the country.

Jewish and Christian Voices in English Reformation Biblical Drama: Enacting Family and Monarchy. Chanita Goodblatt. New York: Routledge, 2018. Pp. ix+256.

<i>Jewish and Christian Voices in English Reformation Biblical Drama: Enacting Family and Monarchy</i>. Chanita Goodblatt. New York: Routledge, 2018. Pp. ix+256.

Uncovering the Truth for a Better Education: A Marxist Approach to J. C. De Graft’s Sons and Daughters

What factors should come first in the choice of an educational programme or a future career for a ward? Is it the interest, potential, and passion of the ward or the ego of the guardian? Is it monetary consideration and social status that should be the criteria based upon which such a decision is made or the criterion of better prospects of a job market? These and other questions are raised and dramatised in Sons and daughters by De Graft. This paper examines the extent to which capitalist ideology plays a role in determining career choice and in creating the familial tensions and conflict that are presented in the play. By applying Marxist theory and praxis to the content and form of the play, it is found that Sons and daughters is not simply about a generational conflict between parents and their children; it equally presents capitalist ideologies that undergird some of the attitudes and decisions that we make on a daily basis. More significantly, evidence from the play indicates that it is the prospects of a job market, the potential and interest of the ward and not the ego of the guardian or the wishful careers of the latter which must come first in the choice of a programme or a future career for a ward.

An Empirical Bivariate study on Work Life Balance of Women Labors with special reference to Tannery Industry

In the present competitive scenario, any industry is focusing work life balance of their employees, to create a healthy win-win environment for both the employees and organisation. The literatures studies display that male employees or workers are affected by work life imbalance but females are more prone to work family imbalance issues. The work life balance issues are not only dependent on women's capability and energy but also dependent on various factors related to work environment (like working conditions, work flexibility, work demands, working hours, travelling time, advancement of technology, etc.) and family related factors (like family demands, support from family members, demographic profile, time, energy and other personal factors). When these family and work related factors tend to interfere with each other by making individual to concentrate on one role leaving the other an imbalance occurs between family and work, that results in work family conflict, family work conflict, stress, tension, poor performance, absenteeism and turnover from workplace. This article discusses about the work life balance of women workers working with tannery industry in Tamil Nadu, India. The researcher found that the less experienced labours have less work life balance issues when compared to high experienced labours.

Expressing Work–Family Tension Management in Memorable Messages with Coworkers

This study complements existing research on responses to work–family tension by illuminating the constitutive role of communication in framing this tension at work. We used a memorable-messages format to investigate the most memorable message 892 participants shared with coworkers regarding work–family conflict. We used thematic analysis to code messages, resulting in a model of 20 themes. Themes varied in their focus on independence vs. interdependence and perceived efficacy vs. perceived inefficacy at work–family tension management. We concluded that messages coworkers craft about work–family tension could have implications for perceptions of self and others, as well as impacts on organizational communication.

Contesting “Conversion” and “Reversion” among Young Adult Asian American Buddhists

This paper engages the perspectives of thirty young adult Asian American Buddhists (YAAABs) raised in non-Buddhist households. Grounded in semi-structured, one-on-one in-person and email interviews, my research reveals the family tensions and challenges of belonging faced by a group straddling multiple religious and cultural worlds. These young adults articulate their alienation from both predominantly white and predominantly Asian Buddhist communities in America. On the one hand, they express ambivalence over adopting the label of “convert” because of its Christian connotations as well as its associations with whiteness in the American Buddhist context. On the other hand, they lack the familiarity with Asian Buddhist cultures experienced by second- or multi-generation YAAABs who grew up in Buddhist families. In their nuanced responses to arguments that (1) American convert Buddhism is a non-Asian phenomenon, and (2) Asians in the West can only “revert” to Buddhism, these young adults assert the plurality and hybridity of their lived experiences as representative of all American Buddhists, rather than incidental characteristics of a fringe group within a white-dominated category.

Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Trajectories Following the Fatal 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake.

People respond differently to potentially traumatic events. To explore predictors of a chronic and delayed trajectory of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after a natural disaster, we analyzed psychometric data collected from 412 residents of Christchurch, New Zealand after a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck in February 2011. Participants from suburbs with different levels of socioeconomic status (SES) and earthquake impact completed a door-to-door survey 4-7 months after the earthquake (Time 1; N = 600) and again 10-11 months after the earthquake (Time 2; N = 412). The survey included the Acute Stress Disorder Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire's nine-item Depression subscale, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, along with single-item measures of variables including aftershock anxiety and family tension. Hobfoll's conservation of resources theory was used to guide data interpretation. High levels of depression, odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, and anxiety, OR = 1.24, at Time 1 significantly predicted membership in the chronic trajectory. Predictors of a delayed onset of symptoms included increased aftershock anxiety, OR = 1.29, and family tension, OR = 1.35, over time, as well as living in an area defined as being of low, OR = 5.36, or medium, OR = 11.39, SES. Results highlight risk factors for elevated PTSS and resources that individuals can use to offset threatened loss. These findings have implications for service providers, agencies, and the public.