Family Setting Research Articles

Hurdles in Joinder: Case of Professor Enu, C.I.I. and Ndokwa West L.G.C., Delta State Nigeria

Joinder of parties in litigation is one recurrent decimal in the administration of civil justice in Nigeria. It is because of its complexity that the theory of representative action developed so that parties who have similar interests in a subject matter in litigation can allow one of their own to institute an action in their behalf usually called class action. Representative actions are popular in family, associational and organizational settings. This study is a critical conversation around the circumstances that gave rise to a joinder application in NWACC/37/2019 Chief Mrs. Rita Enu v. Melody Ogwezzy and Community Integrity Initiative where the defendants in the suit tried to join Professor Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu Enu, the spouse of the plaintiff and Ndokwa West Local Government Council in an action concerning the naming and allocation of Street numbers in Bishop Titus Enu Close, Kwale Delta State. The study which adopts doctrinal method surveyed the claims and counter-claims in the suit and the evidence in the case and interrogated the judicial authorities in the area of joinder of parties in civil litigation. It critically raises the primary facts which the plaintiff relied upon in suing the defendants and presented the evidence elicited from cross examination of the plaintiff that yielded the factual circumstances that the defendants capitalized upon to raise a Motion on Notice for joinder. Although the joinder was swiftly dismissed by the trial court, an appeal to the High Court of Justice, Kwale was subsequently transferred to the Delta State Customary Court of Appeal, Cabal Point, Asaba where the appeal succeeded in parts: while the Local Government Council was ordered to be joined, the joinder of Professor Enu was refused. The study finds that there are clearly laid down guiding principles that a court follows in the determination of every application touching on joinder the Locus classicus of which is laid down in Green v. Green. It was further found that although the grant or refusal of an application for joinder is an exercise within the discretion of the court, which ought to be exercised judicially and judiciously and the appellate courts do not form the habit of interfering often with the exercise of a lower court’s discretion, in this case under review, the court of appeal intervened essentially because the issue of fair hearing was invoked as the Delta State Customary Court of Appeal, Asaba determined that the defendants had sufficiently demonstrated an indictment of the Local Government Council in the performance of its constitutional responsibility and thus ordered that it should be joined to be confronted with the case and complaints of the defendants.

Managing Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus for Urban Areas With Ambiguous Moment Information

The rapid growth of electric load fuels urbanization but creates unsettling environmental challenges. In that regard, the energy system is a crucial part of consuming water and emitting greenhouse gases. To support reliable and economical energy system operations, with reduced water waste and carbon emissions, we design a viable co-optimization of water-energy-carbon nexus for an integrated energy system by adequately modelling essential interdependencies of power, gas, and water systems. A two-stage distributionally robust optimization method is proposed: the first-stage model minimizes the day-ahead reserve capacity scheduling for the next day, and the second-stage model enables real-time dispatch by considering the variability in renewable power generation. The carbon emissions by power generation and distribution are incorporated in both stages to ensure low-carbon operations. We use a two-stage moment-based distributionally robust approach to capture and represent the uncertainties in renewable generation. Instead of assuming a deterministic distribution, we characterize an ambiguity set with mean vectors and covariance matrices, which produces a family set of distributions. We conduct case studies using a modified IEEE 33-bus power system that includes and links a 20-node gas system and a 10-node water system. The comparative results indicate that the proposed co-optimization of water-energy-carbon nexus is superior than several benchmarks. By considering the close interdependencies of water, energy, and carbon, we create an optimal resource allocation scheme, which is capable of minimizing operation costs, lessening carbon emissions, and reducing water waste. The current research enables effective operation schemes for urban energy systems, illustrates a viable way to curb local environmental emissions, and increases water usage efficiency in the water-energy-carbon nexus.

Developing and assessing a kin keeping scale with application to identifying central influencers in African American family networks.

Promoting family communication about inherited disease risk is an arena in which family systems theory is highly relevant. One family systems' construct that can support promotion of family communication regarding inherited disease risk is the notion of "kin keeping." However, kin keeping and whether it might be capitalized on to encourage family communication about inherited risk has been understudied. The goal of this report was to propose a broadened conceptualization of kin keeping that distinguishes between a structural functional perspective (role conceptualization) and transitional behaviors (skill conceptualization), and to develop and evaluate a scale that would enable this assertion to be tested among a sample of African American community health workers. We developed a scale using four steps: item development using concept analysis and content validity, scale development among a national sample (n = 312), scale evaluation using exploratory factor analysis (n = 52), and scale reduction. We then posed suppositions of associations that would indicate whether the developed kin keeping measure was assessing a specific family role or set of behaviors. Our results included the development of the first quantitative measure of kin keeping (9- and 15-item scales). Model fit for 9-item scale (CFI = 0.97, AFGI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.09, SMRM = 0.06) and model fit for 15-item scale (CFI = 0.97, AFGI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.06, SMRM = 0.05). These findings allow us to move toward more rigorous research about the role of kin keeping on information sharing and health decision making. Results also suggest that, contrary to the historical structural functional conceptualization of kin keeping as a role, kin keeping might also be conceptualized as a behavior or set of modifiable behaviors. Ultimately, the kin keeping scale could be used to operationalize kin keeping in various theoretical models and frameworks, guide intervention development to encourage or train for kin keeping behaviors, and test assumptions of whether families vary in the density of kin keeping.

The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Sample and clinical data.

The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism (COGA) is a multi-site, multidisciplinary project with the goal of identifying how genes are involved in alcohol use disorder and related outcomes, and characterizing how genetic risk unfolds across development and in conjunction with the environment and brain function. COGA is a multi-generational family-based study in which probands were recruited through alcohol treatment centers, along with a set of community comparison families. Nearly 18,000 individuals from >2200 families have been assessed over a period of over 30 years with a rich phenotypic battery that includes semi-structured psychiatric interviews and questionnaire measures, along with DNA collection and electrophysiological data on a large subset. Participants range in age from 7 to 97, with many having longitudinal assessments, providing a valuable opportunity to study alcohol use and problems across the lifespan. Here we provide an overview of data collection methods for the COGA sample, and details about sample characteristics and comorbidity. We also review key research findings that have emerged from analyses of the COGA data. COGA data are available broadly to researchers, and we hope this overview will encourage further collaboration and use of these data to advance the field.

Gamified family-based health exercise intervention to improve adherence to 24-h movement behaviors recommendations in children: “3, 2, 1 Move on Study”

BackgroundEvidence suggests that movement patterns, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration, throughout a 24-h period, have a significant impact on biological processes and health outcomes for both young and adult populations. However, 80% of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently active, and many children do not meet international physical activity recommendations for their age. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a 12-week gamified family-based health and exercise intervention on physical fitness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral health, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in children aged 4 to 5 years old. The study will evaluate changes in sedentary levels, physical fitness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral disorders, adherence to the exercise program, and compliance with physical activity recommendations. In addition, the aim of this protocol is to describe the scientific rationale in detail and to provide information about the study procedures.Methods/designA total of 80 children, aged 4 to 5 years old, will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups: the exercise group and the routine care group. The exercise group will undergo a 12-week exercise intervention, followed by a 12-week follow-up period. On the other hand, the routine care group will undergo a 12-week period of routine care, followed by a 12-week follow-up control period. The exercise program will be implemented in a family setting and facilitated through a gamified web platform with online supervision, with the hypothesis that it will have a positive impact on physical fitness, anthropometric measures, basic motor competencies, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines.DiscussionThe results of this study will provide valuable insights into the impact of a gamified, family-oriented health and exercise program on various aspects of health, including physical fitness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral well-being, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines. The findings will contribute to closing the gap in current knowledge on the effectiveness of these types of interventions for children and their parents. These findings will also contribute to the development of future guidelines for promoting physical activity in children who do not meet the World Health Organization’s recommended levels. An online “3, 2, 1 Move on Study” is believed to increase accessibility, promoting health equity, and reducing economic barriers for all children and their families across diverse social groups.Trial registrationTrial registration: NCT05741879. Registered February 14, 2023, Version 1.

The Level of Anxiety among Jordanian Family Members during COVID Second Wave

This study examines the complex emotional and physiological landscape of fear felt by Jordanian households during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic. The research looks at how gender, age, occupation, and marriage status affect stress levels in these households. Using a quantitative methodology, data were gathered through a structured survey sent to 300 households in Amman. These findings highlight the role that individual demographics play in determining the extent to which one suffers from anxiety. Anxiety was more prevalent in women than in men, and it increased with age in both sexes. Individuals in certain occupations and those who had been married for extended periods of time also reported higher anxiety levels. The results illuminate the need of individualized therapies catering to various family settings by highlighting the relationship between demographic variables and anxiety reactions. The study's thorough framework is helpful for comprehending the complex nature of anxiety in Jordanian homes. These findings may be used to design more effective support programs, such as those geared toward women or older adults, or those used in the workplace or the home. These kinds of programs may help Jordanian families thrive by responding to the specific threats presented by the epidemic. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and mental health specialists may lessen the toll the epidemic has on family members' emotional and physical health if they recognize the unique roles that demographics play in people's fear.

Disclosing an autism diagnosis: A social identity approach.

Autistic people face a difficult dilemma around whether or not to disclose their diagnosis because autistic people are a stigmatized socialgroup. The central aim of this study was to examine if a social identity approach could be useful in understanding the factors that predict the likelihood of autistic adults disclosing their autism diagnosis in social settings, in the workplace, in educational settings and in the family. The social identity approach predicts that autistic people may cope with this dilemma by using an individualistic strategy to distance themselves from their autistic social identity. Alternatively, they may embrace their autistic social identity and use a collective strategy to resist stigma and advocate for autistic people. We present a survey based cross-sectional study (n = 175) with autistic adults living in Ireland. Participants completed a series of measures; autism social identification, stigma consciousness, and individualistic and collective strategy use to assess disclosing in the four settings. The overall models in each of the four regressions were significant. Autism social identification positively predicted disclosure in social, workplace and educational settings, while stigma consciousness negatively predicted disclosure in the family and in the workplace. Interestingly, over and above these predictors individualistic strategy use negatively predicted disclosure in each of the four settings, while collective strategy use positively predicted disclosure in social, educational and family settings. Our novel social identity approach was useful for explaining autistic adults' strategies to cope with the complex disclosure dilemma. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

A Model Decomposition Kalman Filter for Enhanced Localization of Land Vehicles

This paper investigates a GPS-dead reckoning fusion localization problem for land-vehicles. We first give a nonlinear vehicle kinematics model, which is used as the transition model for the fusion filter. Then a decomposition rule is designed to resolve the transition model into a set of model families. Based on decomposed model series expansion, a fusion filter is derived to estimate the vehicle position based on Gaussian approximation. The fusion filter can guarantee higher real-time localization accuracy than other linearization-based approaches, since it is derived on the basis of the decomposed process model and the series expansion scheme involves a loss function to ensure minimum truncated orders. Numerical simulations and real-world experiments results demonstrate that our method is more accurate and reliable than the state-of-the-art methods for vehicle localization under various driving conditions.

The classification of smooth well-formed Fano weighted complete intersections

We show that the set of families of smooth well-formed Fano weighted complete intersections admits a natural partition with respect to the variance var([Formula: see text]) = coind([Formula: see text]) - codim([Formula: see text]). Moreover, we obtain the classification of smooth well-formed Fano weighted complete intersections of small variance. We also prove that the anticanonical linear system on a smooth well-formed Fano weighted complete intersection of anticanonical degree one is never base-point-free.

A Person-Centered Analysis of Adolescent Multicultural Socialization Niches and Academic Functioning.

Despite the growing cultural diversity worldwide, there is scarce research on how socialization processes prepare youth to respond to increasing multicultural demands and the degree to which these socialization opportunities inform youth academic functioning. This study used a person-centered approach to identify profiles or niches based on the degree and consistency of multicultural socialization experiences across school, peer, and family settings and to examine the associations between identified niches and markers of academic functioning (i.e., emotional and behavioral academic engagement, academic aspirations and expectations) in a sample of adolescents (N = 717; Mage = 13.73 years). Participants (49.9% girls) were from the U.S. Southwest and represented multiple ethno-racial backgrounds (31.8% Hispanic/Latinx, 31.5% Multiethnic, 25.7% White, 7.3% Black or African American, 1.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1.4% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 1% Arab, Middle Eastern, or North African). Six distinct multicultural socialization niches were identified. Three niches had similar patterns across school-peer-family but ranged in the degree of socialization. The cross-setting similar higher socialization niche (Niche 6) demonstrated greater socialization than the cross-setting similar moderate (Niche 5) and lower socialization (Niche 4) niches, which had moderate and lower socialization, respectively. Three niches demonstrated cross-setting dissimilarity which ranged in the type of cross-setting contrast and the degree of socialization. The cross-setting dissimilar school contrast socialization niche (Niche 3) had greater dissimilarities between socialization opportunities in the school setting compared to the peer and family settings and demonstrated the lowest levels of socialization of all niches. The other two niches, the cross-setting dissimilar peer contrast (Niche 1) and greater peer contrast socialization (Niche 2) niches had larger dissimilarities between socialization opportunities in the peer setting than the school and family settings. In the former, however, the contrast was lower, and socialization ranged between very low to low. In the latter, the contrast was higher and socialization ranged from very low to moderate. Most adolescents were in the cross-setting similar lower socialization niche or in the cross-setting dissimilar niches. Adolescents in the cross-setting similar higher multicultural socialization demonstrated greater emotional and behavioral academic engagement than adolescents in most of the other niches. Adolescents in the cross-setting dissimilar school contrast niches demonstrated lower emotional and behavioral academic engagement and lower academic expectations than adolescents in some of the other niches. The results emphasize the collective role of school, peer, and family multicultural socialization on emotional and behavioral academic engagement.

The moderating role of work-to-family spillover in the association between nurses' work values and work engagement: A cross-sectional study.

Although researchers have emphasized the importance of enhancing work engagement in nurses to ensure work-related well-being, the underlying mechanisms of the influencing factors of work engagement remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate whether work-to-family spillover moderates the relationship between nurses' work values and work engagement. In total, 2600 nurses from 52 hospitals in the Tohoku region of Japan were recruited, and 1587 nurses participated. The questionnaire included items on demographic characteristics, the Nurses' Work Values Scale, the Japanese version of the Work-life Balance Scale, and the Work Engagement Scale. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. The interaction terms of negative work-to-family spillover with extrinsic work values and prestige work values were significantly associated with work engagement. The interaction terms of nurses' work values and positive work-to-family spillovers did not show a significant association. Nurses who emphasized extrinsic work values and those who did not emphasize prestige work values had the lowest work engagement in settings with high negative work-to-family spillover. To ensure nurses' work-related well-being and engagement, nursing managers could provide support for nurses in tackling work-related negative events, so that these do not carry over to family settings.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Noma in Identical Twin Brothers

Background: Noma is a devastating orofacial gangrenous condition that may cause significant mutilation of the facial anatomy. The pathogenesis is poorly understood and has been reported in a setting of low socioeconomic and unhygienic conditions with associated malnutrition. We present this condition in identical twin brothers. Clinical Description: Two identical twin brothers presented with painful swelling of the cheek with ulcerative defects in their upper lips. Both belonged to an impoverished family, and were malnourished, unimmunized, with poor oral hygiene. The typical anatomical presentation of the lesions with the characteristic family setting made the diagnosis consistent with noma (cancrum oris). Other siblings living in the same family with similar background conditions were unaffected. Management: After clinical stabilization, definitive surgical care, including debridement and regular dressings was done under the cover of intravenous antibiotics. With aggressive management along with nutritional rehabilitation and oro-muscular physiotherapy, the acute phase subsided and the patients were discharged in the scarring phase, with a plan for surgical reconstruction of the defect at a later date. Conclusions: The simultaneous presentation of noma in identical twins, with the sparing of other siblings living in the same contributing circumstances, raises suspicion of a genetic basis for this condition, which is as yet unknown. As the etiopathogenesis of noma is evolving, further evidence is needed to establish a genetic predisposition.

ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS OF CHITWAN DISTRICT, NEPAL

Background: Nepal is experiencing a notable rise in life expectancy and increase the number of elderlies as well. The significance of enhancing the quality of life for the elderly is growing within societies, yet it remains an overlooked matter, particularly in developing nations. The objective of the study was to access and compare the QOL of elderly living with their family and in old age homes. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 156 elderly (≥60 years) in the Bharatpur Metropolitan, Chitwan, Nepal. A total of 78 elderly were recruited from an old age home, and an equal number from a family setting. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess QOL, and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Overall QOL among the family setting is better than old age homes (p=0.009). Except for the social relationship domain of OAH, overall QOL and overall health perception were found to be significantly correlated with all domains of QOL (p=0.05 and p=0.01). Age, gender, caste, education, land ownership, high blood sugar, taking various types of medicine, and smoking habit were statistically associated with the different domains of QOL in both groups. Conclusions: Overall QOL tends to be better within a family setting and it is notable that the social domain of QOL is specifically linked to overall health. In order to promote a healthy and fulfilling life for the elderly, it is crucial to prioritize efforts towards improving their health and addressing their physical, psychological, and social wellbeing.

A Qualitative Exploration of Weight Loss Experiences through Hypnotherapy

ABSTRACT Hypnotherapy has been gaining recognition as an alternative treatment for excess weight problems. This qualitative study aims to explore individuals’ experiences of losing weight through hypnotherapy and their perceived barriers and facilitators for healthy lifestyle changes. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 participants (11 women and 4 men; mean age of 23 years) who recorded having lost ≥5% weight after undergoing 3 hypnotherapy sessions previously at a public university in Terengganu, Malaysia. Each interview was audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The themes that emerged were the usefulness of hypnotherapy, barriers, and facilitators of healthy lifestyle changes. All participants contended that hypnotherapy played a role in their weight-loss journey through increased mindful eating and enhanced motivation to make lifestyle modifications. Barriers to healthy lifestyle changes included high costs of healthy foods and lack of support for healthy food sources in social and family settings. Hypnotherapy is essential as an adjunct tool in assisting weight loss. However, additional efforts are needed to improve support in the weight management journey.

Validation in a Latin American context of the Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS)

Objective: To explore the psychometric properties of the Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale (pafas) and propose its validation in a Colombian context. Methods: Cultural adaptation and validation by experts were performed, and this version was applied to a sample of 151 caregivers of children and adolescents aged eight to thirteen years (m= 9.2; standard deviation= 3.41) to assess the language changes. Subsequently, the scales were administered to sample one (n=151) to explore the dimensionality of the scale and then confirm the proposed models in sample two (n= 130). Results: A moderate-to-high reliability was found (alpha= 0.734), which increased to 0.79 with the final version. Regarding content validity, there was good agreement among experts (Kappa index= 0.85-0.94 and Cohen’s Delta= 0.53-0.60). The final instrument consisted of 16 items in two components: parenting (57.53% of the variance), comprising the parent-child relationship and coercive parenting, and family adjustment (59.51% of the variance), comprising parental adjustment and family relationships. Correlations between these domains and the Zarit Scale were statistically significant, with correlations found between parent-child relationship (0.244), coercive parenting (0.21), and family adjustment (0.184), as well as with the phq-9, with parental adjustment (0.218) and family relationships (0.201)Conclusion: pafas is a reliable and easy-to-administer tool that can be used in family and community settings within the primary care level.

Women's Patterns of Talk in The Third Wife Movie Script (Application in Family Environment)

In this study, Deborah Tannen's theory is used to explain how women talk in The Third Wife. To examine the data, a qualitative descriptive method was adopted in this study. The Third Wife script serves as the main source of data for this study. From the analysis, the researchers notified there are three ways to demonstrate the women's speaking patterns in context, notably those related to mother dynamics, connection and control, and metamessage. These are present in polygamous homes, particularly in the context of this film. Nonetheless, there is an exchange of positions in which women fill the void since the absence of a husband figure influences how they interact with one another, as the first wife. This happens because there is a special relationship that is formed between the wives which makes the pattern of talk create itself between them. The lack of a husband figure impacts how they interact with each other, as the first wife (Ha), is in control and holds the most important rank in the family, followed by the second wife (Xuan), and the last one the third wife (May). The status of the family heavily impacts the wives’ talk to each other and the style of their speech. In the family setting of this movie, women with higher status may use more assertive language and dominate conversations.

The Expressive Power of Ad-Hoc Constraints for Modelling CSPs

Ad-hoc constraints (also called generic constraints) are important for modelling Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). Many representations have been proposed to define ad-hoc constraints, such as tables, decision diagrams, binary constraint trees, automata and context-free grammars. However, prior works mainly focus on efficient Generalized Arc Consistency (GAC) propagators of ad-hoc constraints using the representations. In this paper, we ask a more fundamental question which bears on modelling constraints in a CSP as ad-hoc constraints, how the choice of constraints and operations affect tractability. Rather than ad-hoc constraints and their GAC propagators, our focus is on their expressive power in terms of succinctness (polysize) and cost of operations/queries (polytime). We use a large set of constraint families to investigate the expressive power of 14 existing ad-hoc constraints. We show a complete map of the succinctness of the ad-hoc constraints. We also present results on the tractability of applying various operations and queries on the ad-hoc constraints. Finally, we give case studies illustrating how our results can be useful for questions in the modelling of CSPs.

The work-family conflict: Dyadic view of Brazilian couples

Several changes have occurred in the family setting over the last few decades: the insertion of women into the labor market, the growth of dual-career couples, and changes in the traditional and non-traditional structures of men's and women's societal roles. In this context, the Work-Family Conflict (WFC) is a construct of work interference in the family (WIF) and family interference in work (FIW). This study's central objective was to explore the conflict between family and work in a Brazilian context according to the dyadic scope. The study with a survey design was conducted with a Brazilian sample of 65 adult couples (130 individuals). Results showed differences between men and women concerning variables that influence the WFC. Stress at work was the central aspect of WFC. The results contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the issues of WFC in Brazil, dyadic analysis procedures, family and organization interventions.

Caregiver-child communication on parental loss in the context of the AIDS epidemic in Namibia

Personal grief takes place in a social context, such as the family setting. This study aimed to understand how Namibian caregivers and children/adolescents communicate parental loss, in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. An ethnographic design was used, in which 38 children, adolescents, and their caregivers were interviewed. The results show that caregivers shared few memories and provided minimal information about the deceased parents. However, the majority of adolescents and children wished for information. A relational Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver model was used to map the reasons for this silence. This model is useful for grief interventions that aim to strengthen communication.

Child-led resistance in the streets of the global south: Decolonial perspectives of violence against children outside of family care

BackgroundViolence against children (VAC) remains an urgent global dilemma and researchers and policymakers alike continue to work tirelessly to devise strategies aiming to end VAC. However, the perspectives and expertise of children themselves remain underrepresented in the drafting and implementation of these strategies against VAC. This paper draws attention to the marginalization of children living outside of family care and centers their perspective. ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the forms of violence experienced by children living outside the family setting in Uganda, from the perspective of children themselves.The paper seeks to position the voicing of this perspective as a form of resistance against VAC from a decolonial perspective.Participants and Setting: The participatory research process included a total of 94 participants in various urban study sites in Kampala, Uganda. MethodsThe research team completed this qualitative study within a youth-driven participatory action research (YPAR) framework. Data collection techniques included interviews, focus groups, participatory visual methods and social cartography. ResultsChildren living outside of family care experience grave forms of emotional, physical and sexual violence. Child participants present survival strategies that can inform future research and policies on violence prevention practice. ConclusionsThe illustration of explicit violence outlined in this study represents a form of resistance children take against their perpetrators. The participatory youth researcher team urges future research and policy addressing VAC in Uganda to center these perspectives and expertise of children and adolescents in both programmatic and research initiatives aiming to end violence against children.