Role Of Family Research Articles

The psychosocial outcomes of young carers in Australia: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Young carers in Australia are people aged under 25 who undertake a substantial familial caring role. A range of associated disadvantages with this practice have been identified, however, no systematic literature review currently exists to consolidate the Australian research. Articles were included if they used a broadly quantitative methodology, were in English, and published since 2002 using original, contemporary Australian data and specifically discussed the caring role. The following databases were searched: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA PsychInfo, APA PsycArticles, MEDLINE Complete, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL with Full Text, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, APA PsycTherapy. Fourteen articles were included, and synthesised using a narrative style, capturing detailed information on approximately 8000 young carers, and briefer census-style data on 128,000 young carers. Quality ratings and risk of bias analyses were included. It was found that young carers exhibit a range of disadvantages across academic, social, and mental health domains, particularly when the care recipient is a parent, and even more so if the care needs are related to mental health or substance use. Additional research is required to further explore the relationships between the young caring role and outcomes.

The Mclust Analysis of Tumor Budding Unveils the Role of the Collagen Family in Cervical Cancer Progression.

In RNA-seq data analysis, condensing the gene count matrix size is pivotal for downstream investigations, particularly pathway analysis. For this purpose, harnessing machine learning attracts increasing interest, while conventional methodologies depend on p-value comparisons. In this study, 20 tissue samples from real-world cervical cancers were subjected to sequencing, followed by the application of the Mclust algorithm to delineate an optimal cluster. By stratifying tumor budding into high and low groups and quantifying the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) score to scrutinize tumor budding, we discerned 24 EMT-related genes, with 5 showing strong associations with cervical cancer prognosis. Our observations elucidate a biological flow wherein EMT, Matrix Metallopep-tidase 2 (MMP2), and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation are interconnected, ultimately leading to collagen type VI and exacerbating the prognosis of cervical cancer. The present study underscores an alternative method for selecting useful EMT-related genes by employing an appropriate clustering algorithm, thereby avoiding classical methods while unveiling novel insights into cervical cancer etiology and prognosis. Moreover, when comparing high and low tumor budding, collagen type VI emerges as a potential gene marker for the prognosis of cervical cancer.

Molecular mechanisms driving the interactions between platelet and gastric cancer cells during peritoneal dissemination.

Platelets (PLTs) facilitate tumor progression and the spread of metastasis. They also interact with cancer cells in various cancer types. Furthermore, PLTs form complexes with gastric cancer (GC) cells via direct contact and promote their malignant behaviors. The objective of the present study was to explore the molecular mechanisms driving these interactions and to evaluate the potential for preventing peritoneal dissemination by inhibiting PLT activation in GC cells. The present study examined the roles of PLT activation pathways in the increased malignancy of GC cells facilitated by PLT-cancer cells. Transforming growth factor-β receptor kinase inhibitor (TRKI), Src family kinase inhibitor (PP2) and Syk inhibitor (R406) were used to identify the molecules influencing these interactions. Their therapeutic effects were verified via cell experiments and validated using a mouse GC peritoneal dissemination model. Notably, only the PLT activation pathway-related inhibitors TRKI and PP2, but not R406, inhibited the PLT-enhanced migration and invasion of GC cells. In vivo analyses revealed that PLT-enhanced peritoneal dissemination was suppressed by PP2. Overall, the present study revealed the important role of the Srk family in the interactions between PLTs and GC cells, suggesting kinase inhibitors as promising therapeutic agents to mitigate the progression of peritoneal metastasis in patients with GC.

Allele-Specific Hormone Dynamics in Highly Transgressive F2 Biomass Segregants in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.).

Sugarcane holds global promise as a biofuel feedstock, necessitating a deep understanding of factors that influence biomass yield. This study unravels the intricate dynamics of plant hormones that govern growth and development in sugarcane. Transcriptome analysis of F2 introgression hybrids, derived from the cross of Saccharum officinarum "LA Purple" and wild Saccharum robustum "MOL5829", was conducted, utilizing the recently sequenced allele-specific genome of "LA Purple" as a reference. A total of 8059 differentially expressed genes were categorized into gene models (21.5%), alleles (68%), paralogs (10%), and tandemly duplicated genes (0.14%). KEGG analysis highlighted enrichment in auxin (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways, revealing regulatory roles of hormone repressor gene families (Aux/IAA, PP2C, and JAZ). Signaling pathways indicated that downregulation of AUX/IAA and PP2C and upregulation of JAZ repressor genes in high biomass segregants act as key players in influencing downstream growth regulatory genes. Endogenous hormone levels revealed higher concentrations of IAA and ABA in high biomass, which contrasted with lower levels of JA. Weighted co-expression network analysis demonstrated strong connectivity between hormone-related key genes and cell wall structural genes in high biomass genotypes. Expression analysis confirmed the upregulation of genes involved in the synthesis of structural carbohydrates and the downregulation of inflorescence and senescence-related genes in high biomass, which suggested an extended vegetative growth phase. The study underscores the importance of cumulative gene expression, including gene models, dominant alleles, paralogs, and tandemly duplicated genes and activators and repressors of disparate hormone (IAA, JA, and ABA) signaling pathways are the points of hormone crosstalk in contrasting biomass F2 segregants and could be applied for engineering high biomass acquiring varieties.

The role of IL-1 family of cytokines in the pathogenesis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurological condition that occurs with age and poses a significant global public health concern, is distinguished by the degeneration of neurons and synapses in various regions of the brain. While the exact processes behind the neurodegeneration in AD are not completely known, it is now acknowledged that inflammation may have a significant impact on the beginning and advancement of AD neurodegeneration. The severity of many neurological illnesses can be influenced by the equilibrium between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. The IL-1 family of cytokines is linked to innate immune responses, which are present in both acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory diseases. Research on the role of the IL-1 family in chronic neurological disease has been concentrated on AD. In this context, there is indirect evidence suggesting its involvement in the development of the disease. This review aims to provide a summary of the contribution of every IL-1 family member in AD pathogenesis, current immunotherapies in AD disease, and present treatment possibilities for either targeting or boosting these cytokines.

Work and family interaction management: the case for zigzag working

The present study seeks to advance understanding of the interaction of work and family roles. Typically, while the intersection of these domains is established as either being detrimental (i.e. work-family conflict) or beneficial (i.e. work-family enrichment), we argue there is a fundamental issue with timing. Specifically, we offer zigzag working as an approach to understanding how work and family interact. We suggest, rather than roles operating separately (e.g. work to family or family to work), the reality of work is where employees have work and family roles intersecting simultaneously. We believe this provides unique insights for those with dependent responsibilities, representing potentially both a unique challenge and benefit. Our study has two samples (n = 318 employees and n = 373 managers) and we find support for zigzag working at the day-level and while it is positively related to work-family conflict dimensions it is also positively related to happiness. Overall, our paper offers a new lens on work-family border negotiation, providing empirical evidence showing that zigzag working does occur and that it appears to have unique properties. Importantly, zigging and zagging around work and dependents during a typical day represents both positive and negative effects, highlighting a unique occurrence within the literature.

Association between the copy number variations of Methyl-CpG binding domain family and schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is recognized as one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, with its pathogenesis likely involving genetic, epigenetic, developmental, and environmental factors. Members of the Methyl-CpG Binding Domain (MBD) Family play a crucial role in the regulation of genomic DNA methylation, and studies have implicated the association between MBD family and neurodevelopmental disorders. Copy number variations (CNVs) are a significant genetic basis for human genomic variation, also playing a critical role in the genetic processes of schizophrenia. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of MBD family CNVs to schizophrenia by exploring and validating them in two separate populations using CNVplex™ and qPCR methods, and to explore the relationship between MBD family CNVs and clinical phenotypes in the overall population using chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests. Results suggest that an increase in MBD1 gene copy number and a deficiency in MBD2 gene copy number may be associated with the risk of schizophrenia. The deficiency in MBD2 gene copy number may increase the risk of delusion of reference and delusion of persecutory in the overall sample, as well as in males. This research provides preliminary evidence supporting the association between MBD family CNVs and schizophrenia, highlighting the potential role of the MBD family in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

A TELAAH PERAN KELUARGA DAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL ANAK USIA DINI MENURUT AMNAH H{ASAN ‘ABDU AR-RAH{MAN AL-MUNA<DI DALAM KITAB DAWRU AL-MADRASAH WA AL-'USRAH FI< AT-TANSYI'AH AL-IJTIMA<IYAH ‘INDA AL-AT{FA<L

The process of children's social development is influenced by external factors and internal factors of the child himself. External factors such as family and environment, internal factors such as health aspects, hereditary factors and other internal matters. In reality, parents are often negligent regarding this matter, such as not paying attention to the child's social development and choosing the environment for the child. This research aims to examine the role of parents and the environment in the social development of early childhood. This research uses literature study using works books Amnah H{asan 'Abdu Ar-Rah{man Al-Muna>di with the title Dawru Al-Madrasah Wa Al-'Usrah Fi< At-Tansyi'ah Al-Ijtima>iyah 'Inda Al-At}fa>l as a source primary data with technical content analysis. This research found several roles of family and environment in the social development process of early childhood, such as giving children sufficient time and providing a good environment for early childhood.

Fаmily Vаluеs and Sоciаl Cоhеsiоn: Insights frоm Zоrоаstriаn Scripturеs

This study aims to explore the role of family values and social cohesion as depicted in Zoroastrian scriptures, particularly focusing on the Avesta, the sacred text of Zoroastrianism, and its teachings on morality and spirituality within the family setting. The research involves an extensive analysis of the Avesta, examining its guidance on marriage, family relationships, and the upbringing of future generations. The study emphasizes the cultural, moral, and ethical principles outlined in the scriptures, highlighting their significance in fostering a virtuous and cohesive community. The Avesta underscores the importance of the family as the primary environment for moral and spiritual development, emphasizing three core principles: Good Thought (Humata), Good Word (Hukhta), and Good Deed (Hvarshta). The text details the roles and responsibilities within the family, advocating for the preservation of purity, moral integrity, and the promotion of a healthy and prosperous generation. The research finds that the Avesta provides a comprehensive framework for family dynamics, including marriage rituals, ethical standards, and the upbringing of children. The principles outlined in the Avesta are shown to be relevant even in contemporary discussions about family well-being and marital ethics. The study concludes that the teachings of the Avesta offer valuable insights into the foundational role of family in cultivating moral and spiritual growth. The principles of Good Thought, Good Word, and Good Deed remain central to fostering a virtuous and cohesive society. The Avesta's guidance on family values continues to hold significant relevance in modern times, providing a timeless framework for understanding and enhancing family dynamics and social cohesion.

Family Involvement During Comprehensive Developmental Evaluations: Perspectives of Diverse Mothers.

Early diagnosis and social support postdiagnosis (i.e., family involvement) can lead to improved outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disorders. Children of minority ethnic and racial groups are typically diagnosed later in childhood compared with White children, contributing to disparities in outcomes. Research has not yet explored family involvement during comprehensive developmental evaluations nor accounted for cross-cultural differences in family roles and involvement. This qualitative study sought to characterize the nature and impact of family involvement during the developmental evaluation process among racially and ethnically marginalized mothers of children with developmental delays and possible ASD. Mothers (N = 27) of children who had a positive autism screen during their 18- or 24-month well-child visit but did not receive an ASD diagnosis after comprehensive developmental evaluation participated in individual semi-structured interviews exploring experiences with developmental screening, related services, and family involvement/social support. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Data were stratified by partner status (i.e., partnered vs. nonpartnered) to examine differences in support and family involvement across varying family compositions. Three qualitative themes emerged: (1) mothers sought family involvement when making decisions about pursuing developmental evaluations, (2) family involvement affected mothers' navigation of logistical challenges, and (3) mothers involved family members for emotional support. Differences by partner status emerged in themes 1 and 2. Findings highlight benefits of and potential approaches to harnessing family involvement to support parents' navigation of the developmental evaluation process and ultimately improve child outcomes.

Comprehensive characterization and expression profiling of BBX gene family in soybean in response to UV-B stress

The BBX gene family encodes transcription factors that regulate several biological processes, such as plant growth, development, and stress response. They have been identified and thoroughly studied in numerous plant species. The functional role of the BBX gene family against UV-B stress in soybean has not been well documented. Herein, this study focused on a comprehensive investigation of the GmBBX genes in soybean and their expression patterns in response to UV-B exposure. A total of 184 BBX genes were identified and analyzed to determine the conserved domain. Single and double B-box and CCT domains were found across these proteins, indicating potential functional diversity. The protein physicochemical properties showcased diverse characteristics, highlighting molecular size, stability, and hydrophobicity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed five distinct clades, showcasing a non-uniform distribution of GmBBX genes. Chromosomal mapping showed a non-uniform distribution of GmBBX genes across the 20 chromosomes of soybean. The highest number of genes (26) were found on chromosome 13, whereas chromosomes 5 and 15 displayed the lowest number of genes (3 genes each). Gene structure analysis revealed variations in exon-intron patterns, while motif composition analysis unveiled conserved motifs among GmBBX proteins. Gene duplication indicated that the expansion of the GmBBX genes was linked with tandem and dispersed duplications. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of terms associated with light stimulus, response to abiotic stress, and molecular functions such as zinc ion binding. The promoter region reveals cis-acting elements related to hormones, light, and stress responses. The GmBBX genes exhibited differential expression in response to UV-B stress, suggesting their possible role in plant defense against UV-B stress. This study will provide a solid foundation for further analysis of the molecular mechanisms of GmBBX genes in soybean against UV-B stress.

NFKBIE is a predictive factor of survival and is correlated with immune infiltration and antigen processing and presentation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The important role of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathway in tumour development has long been recognized; however, the role of the NFκB inhibitor family in liver cancer has not been elucidated. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious public health burden with a high incidence, poor prognosis, and early detection, especially in Asia, where hepatitis is prevalent. In the present study, the mRNA expression level of the NFκB inhibitor family was assessed in HCC and normal tissues using the Metabolic Gene Rapid Visualizer, University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal, and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database (TIMER). Survival curves of nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor (NFKBI)E were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. Genes co-expressed with NFKBIE in HCC samples were studied using data from the LinkedOmics and the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Databases. Protein-protein interaction networks, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathway analyses were used to assess the NFKBIE mechanism in HCC. Using the TIMER database, the association between immune infiltration and NFKBIE was determined. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to evaluate the function of NFKBIE in HCC and its impact on proliferation and migration. Western blotting was used to confirm the expression of NFKBIE in HCC cell lines. In addition, NFKBIE overexpression in HCC was demonstrated using tissue microarrays encompassing 80 pairs of HCC and normal liver tissues. NFKBIE was the only NFκB inhibitor with high expression and an improved prognosis in HCC compared with other NFκB inhibitors. NFKBIE was correlated with clinical characteristics, such as tumour grade, tumour protein P53 mutation status and tumour stage. Data obtained from Gene Set Cancer Analysis suggested that NFKBIE may inhibit the PI3K/AKT, RAS/MAPK, RTK and TSC/mTOR pathways. In addition, NFKBIE was significantly associated with B-cell immune infiltration and the RNA-seq data demonstrated that knockdown of NFKBIE significantly affected 'Antigen processing and presentation' and 'hepatocellular carcinoma' pathways. Immunohistochemistry of microarrays of tissue samples revealed that NFKBIE was overexpressed in several stages of HCC. Finally, inhibition of NFKBIE decreased the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. In conclusion, due to its prognostic value and overexpression in HCC, NFKBIE distinguished itself from other NFκB inhibitors. As such, it may provide a novel prognostic indicator and immunotherapeutic target for HCC.

Effect of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Family Dynamics in Mexico

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of rural-to-urban migration on family dynamics in Mexico. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Rural - urban migration in Mexico has significantly impacted family dynamics, leading to changes in family structure, economic conditions, and social relationships. Migrants often shift from extended family networks to more nuclear family setups, which can alter traditional family roles and support systems. While migration typically improves economic opportunities and educational access, it also introduces challenges such as emotional stress from separation, difficulties in maintaining family ties, and adapting to urban cultural norms. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Family systems theory, ecological systems theory & social exchange theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the effect of rural-to-urban migration on family dynamics in Mexico. Practitioners should develop and implement targeted support programs that address the specific needs of migrant families, such as counseling services, role-specific training, and digital communication tools. Policymakers should create inclusive urban policies that address the challenges faced by migrant families, such as housing affordability, access to education, and social services.

Identification and expression dynamics of CYPome across different developmental stages of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green)

Maconellicoccus hirsutus is a highly polyphagous insect pest, posing a substantial threat to various crop sp., especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. While extensive physiological and biological studies have been conducted on this pest, the lack of genetic information has hindered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth, development, and xenobiotic metabolism. The Cytochrome P450 gene, a member of the CYP gene superfamily ubiquitous in living organisms is associated with growth, development, and the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substances, contributing to the insect's adaptability in diverse environments. To elucidate the specific role of the CYP450 gene family in M. hirsutus which has remained largely unexplored, a de novo transcriptome assembly of the pink mealybug was constructed. A total of 120 proteins were annotated as CYP450 genes through homology search of the predicted protein sequences across different databases. Phylogenetic studies resulted in categorizing 120 CYP450 genes into four CYP clans. A total of 22 CYP450 families and 30 subfamilies were categorized, with CYP6 forming the dominant family. The study also revealed five genes (Halloween genes) associated with the insect hormone biosynthesis pathway. Further, the expression of ten selected CYP450 genes was studied using qRT-PCR across crawler, nymph, and adult stages, and identified genes that were expressed at specific stages of the insects. Thus, the findings of this study reveal the expression dynamics and possible function of the CYP450 gene family in the growth, development, and adaptive strategies of M. hirsutus which can be further functionally validated.

Proviral and antiviral roles of phosphofructokinase family of glycolytic enzymes in TBSV replication

Positive-strand RNA viruses build viral replication organelles (VROs) with the help of co-opted host factors. The biogenesis of the membranous VROs requires major metabolic changes in infected cells. Previous studies showed that tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) hijacks several glycolytic enzymes to produce ATP locally within VROs. In this work, we demonstrate that the yeast Pfk2p phosphofructokinase, which performs a rate-limiting and highly regulated step in glycolysis, interacts with the TBSV p33 replication protein. Deletion of PFK2 reduced TBSV replication in yeast, suggesting proviral role for Pfk2p. TBSV also co-opted two plant phosphofructokinases, which supported viral replication and ATP production within VROs, thus acting as proviral factors. Three other phosphofructokinases inhibited TBSV replication and they reduced ATP production within VROs, thus functioning as antiviral factors. Altogether, different phosphofructokinases have proviral or antiviral roles. This suggests on-going arms race between tombusviruses and their hosts to control glycolysis pathway in infected cells.

Remote secondary education retention: What helps First Nations students stay until, and complete, year 12

Over recent years there has been a strong emphasis on year 12 completion as an indicator of success in remote First Nations education. The research reported in this article explores what students, school staff and community members say leads to secondary school retention and, ultimately, completion. The research was conducted in the Northern Territory and Western Australia during 2023 by a team of researchers from Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education, Curtin University and University of Notre Dame. The research focused on remote and very remote independent and Catholic schools. The findings suggest several factors encourage retention, including the supportive role of families (although questions remain on how families might also be supported to encourage their children), the quality of teachers and their teaching, specific school programs and initiatives, post-school pathways, and boarding schools. Student aspirations and motivation are also critical for retention. The findings have implications for schools, school systems, state and federal policies, and associated funding priorities.

Role of Rubus chingii BBX gene family in anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening.

The B-box (BBX) family, which is a class of zinc finger transcription factors, exhibits special roles in plant growth and development as well as in plants' ability to cope with various stresses. Even though Rubus chingii is an important traditional medicinally edible plant in east Asia, there are no comprehensive studies of BBX members in R. chingii. In this study, 32 RcBBX members were identified, and these were divided into five groups. A collinearity analysis showed that gene duplication events were common, and when combined with a motif analysis of the RcBBX genes, it was concluded that group V genes might have undergone deletion of gene fragments or mutations. Analysis of cis-acting elements revealed that each RcBBX gene contained hormone-, light-, and stress-related elements. Expression patterns of the 32 RcBBX genes during fruit ripening revealed that highest expression occurred at the small green fruit stage. Of note, the expression of several RcBBX genes increased rapidly as fruit developed. These findings, combined with the expression profiles of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes during fruit ripening, allowed us to identify the nuclear-targeted RcBBX26, which positively promoted anthocyanin production in R. chingii. The collective findings of this study shed light on the function of RcBBX genes in different tissues, developmental stages, and in response to two abiotic stresses.

What is the meaning of family participation in schools? A multi-voice perspective

ABSTRACT Background Many studies show a positive link between student achievement and family participation in school. Family participation in school can also benefit the whole educational community, contributing to a shared community responsibility for education. Despite this, in many schools, family participation can be incidental or superficial. There are also different understandings of the role of families in schools, with the term ‘family participation’ being ambiguous and complex. Purpose This study aims to analyse how family participation in school is understood in one region of Spain. It explores different forms of family participation by giving voice to a range of different groups involved in students’ education – not just families and teachers. The questions guiding the study are as follows: 1) What role does communication play in family participation in schools?; 2) What are the actions taken by different stakeholders when participating?; 3) How do families approach their rights and duties when participating in school?; 4) What are the barriers to family participation?; and 5) what are the actions for improvement that favour a participatory culture? Method A qualitative, participatory methodology was used, drawing on data collected through semi-structured interviews, both group and individual, with 44 multi-stakeholder participants. A thematic content analysis was carried out using Maxqda22, a qualitative data-analysis programme. A deductive system that generated categories was combined with an inductive system that generated codes. Findings The key factor to achieving participation was effective communication. Sometimes, this was initiated by the school towards the family, and at other times, at the request of the family. In either case, the key to success lay in the design of communicative strategies that went beyond the transmission of information about urgent events occurring at school. Suggested solutions for improving family–school interaction included trusting in families, and training them, or providing them with the necessary tools to approach their participation. Conclusions Participation varies in its nature and occurs when there is a shared school-family project in which attitude and communication play an important role. Barriers to participation include ideological differences, and a lack of genuine awareness of the importance of the role that families can play in school. The main proposal to promote family participation is to find ways to overcome individualism through shared projects.

The role of family in improving the management of diabetes mellitus patients

Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term management involving patients and their families. The role of the family in improving the management of diabetes mellitus patients is very important to achieve good blood sugar control and prevent long-term complications. This study aims at the role of family in improving the management of diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: this research is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental research design with a non-equivalent control group research design with a sample size of 20 respondents Results: shows that in the intervention group, most family roles have a good category where respondents have family roles are as many as 7 people (70%) and respondents who have poor family roles are as many as 3 people (30%). While in the control group, respondents who had poor family roles were as many as 8 people (80%) and respondents who had good family roles were as many as 2 people (20%). In the final measurement (Post-test) in the intervention group and the control group, p = 0, 028 or p < 0.05 means that there are differences in family roles in both groups in the final measurement (Post-test) Conclusions: the role of the family is very important in improving the management of diabetes mellitus patients. Family support and involvement in assisting patients in living a healthy diet, following the right medication regimen, and maintaining an active lifestyle can help achieve good blood sugar control and prevent long-term complications. Factors such as knowledge of diabetes, emotional support, and ability to manage diabetes-related situations also influence the family's role in the management of this condition. Therefore, education to families about diabetes, the psychological and practical support they provide to patients, as well as their involvement in healthy lifestyle changes are important things to note.

How does perception of success change between family and solo farmers: A perspective from strategic resources and entrepreneurial orientation

This study compares the resources and entrepreneurial characteristics of family and solo farmers, and influences of these on subjective success perceptions. Quantitative data were collected in Finland and the research model is comprised of Resource-Based Theory and Entrepreneurial Orientation. T-test for equality of means and Structural Equation modelling were employed for testing the hypotheses. The results indicate that family and solo farmers are heterogeneous in most of their resources, entrepreneurial orientation and success perceptions, only except resources in funding opportunities, innovativeness in products and services and investments, and proactiveness in legislation, and success perceptions in self-determination in own work, personal satisfaction. Covariation between resources and entrepreneurial orientation is stronger for family farmers, but this relationship is positive for both groups. Resources and entrepreneurial orientation impact success positively both for family and solo farmers, while the impact of resources is stronger for family farmers and entrepreneurial orientation is stronger for solo farmers. This study suggests a comparative approach in evaluation of the sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship and its implications, also facilitates the methodological development on the measurement of the theoretical models focusing on the role of family in social and agricultural sustainability.