Family Predictors Research Articles

Long-Term Family Needs After a Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study.

To describe the self-reported needs of family caregivers of service members and veterans (SMVs) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 10 to 15years post-injury and to identify unique predictors of unmet family needs. Five Department of Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers. A total of 209 family caregivers of SMVs with TBI from the VA TBI Model Systems national database who completed a 10- or 15-year follow-up assessment. Observational study. Family Needs Questionnaire-Revised (FNQ-R). Item-, domain-, and total score-level descriptive analyses of FNQ-R responses were conducted. On average, 56.3% of the FNQ-R family caregiver needs were reported as met. Health information and involvement in care needs were the most often met, and emotional support and instrumental support needs were the least often met. Adjusted multivariable regression models demonstrated that urban-dwelling SMVs (compared to suburban) and spouses/significant others (compared to parents) were associated with more unmet family needs. Distinct associations were identified between the 6 FNQ-R domains and SMV environmental factors (ie, urbanicity, rurality, and being active duty at follow-up), SMV comorbidities (ie, receiving mental health treatment in the year prior to the follow-up), and caregiver factors (ie, spouses/significant others). Family caregivers of SMVs with TBI reported multiple unmet needs at 10 to 15years post-injury, emphasizing the importance of ongoing caregiver support after TBI. Policy and programming to support military caregivers should consider the current findings to direct resources to address the identified unmet needs.

Child and Family Characteristics Associated with Symptoms of Anxiety in Autistic Children: A Biobank Study.

Autistic children have an increased likelihood of anxiety, but more research is needed on the characteristics that predict various types of anxiety in this population. In this study, we examined a range of child and family predictors of various types of anxiety using a sample of 452 autistic children from the Australian Autism Biobank. We used logistic regression to examine child and family predictors of four common types of anxiety in autistic children: generalised, phobic, separation, and social anxiety. We found that 62.8% of children in this sample had symptoms of at least one type of anxiety. Poor quality sleep habits were the only predictive factor consistently identified across all anxiety symptom types. Specific to children with indicated generalised, separation, and phobic anxiety symptoms were the predictive factors of being older than five years, and specific to generalised and social anxiety were the predictive factors of higher cognitive abilities. Maternal anxiety was also a predictive factor in indicated children's separation anxiety. These findings can help inform the provision of more targeted support for autistic people, particularly the interaction of poor sleep habits and anxiety symptoms.

Emotional distress of adolescents from dysfunctional families as a subject of scientific research

The article provides a scientific justification for the relevance of studying emotional distress of adolescents from dysfunctional families. The social significance of the topic is noted: the emotional distress of adolescent children not only makes unhappy themselves, but also reduces the level of social health of the family and the whole society, affecting social security. The purpose of the research is a theoretical analysis of sources of scientific information which, presumably, can form a methodological basis for studying family predictors of the adolescent emotional distress. The material in the article is presented in accordance with four research questions concerning the formulation of this scientific problem, its current state in domestic and foreign social psychology, and its poorly studied aspects. The definition of the concept of the emotional distress is clarified, its similarity to the concept of emotional modality is shown; the already established features of the emotional sphere of adolescent children are noted. It is concluded that by now there are prerequisites for studying families with adolescents simultaneously from the standpoint of socio-psychological and systemic approaches. A model of empirical research of the family predictors of the emotional distress of adolescents from dysfunctional families is proposed. The prospects of practical application of the study results are outlined.

Do early school- and family-related factors predict midlife psychological well-being? Findings from A prospective Black childhood cohort study

The relationship between early school- and family-related factors and later psychological well-being (PWB) has been insufficiently studied. To address this gap, a comprehensive model was employed to investigate the effects of school and family predictors (ages < 14) on PWB, and a related construct, life satisfaction (LS), at age 35 for a large urban childhood cohort. 30-year follow-up data were analyzed for 72 % (N = 1,112) of the original 1,539 participants (93 % Black) in the Chicago Longitudinal Study, a prospective investigation on the impact of an early childhood education program. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed both parent (β = 0.51p = 0.013) and student educational attainment expectations (β = 1.48; p = 0.032) as well as peer social skills (β = 0.25; p = 0.003) were the most significant predictors of midlife PWB. Peer social skills (β = 0.02; p = 0.032), school mobility (β = -0.09; p = 0.012), and student educational attainment expectations (β = 0.17; p = 0.022) were strongly associated with midlife LS. Sex differences were also examined. Implications for shaping key components of school-family programs, services, and policies that foster positive development across different social ecologies are discussed. Further research should explore the mediational pathways to better understand the mechanisms behind these observed relationships.

The role of family conflict and cohesion in adolescents' social responsibility: Emotion regulation ability as a mediator.

The social context is crucial for the adolescent development of self-regulatory skills and social responsibility. To understand the role of social context in adolescent development, the present study examined family predictors (i.e., family cohesion and conflict) of social responsibility, with emotion regulation ability as a mediating process. A total of 828 Chinese adolescents (35.6% female; mean age = 13.92 years, SD = 1.34) were recruited from major Chinese cities, including Hong Kong and Macau. Path analysis revealed that emotion regulation ability mediated the relation between family factors (i.e., family cohesion and family conflict) and social responsibility. That is, the ability to regulate emotions serves as a process between family factors and social responsibility. More specifically, family cohesion was positively associated with emotion regulation ability, whereas family conflict was negatively associated with emotion regulation ability. In turn, emotion regulation ability was positively associated with social responsibility. The results suggested that the family environment and adolescent's emotion regulation ability are important contextual and intrapersonal factors contributing to their development of social responsibility. As an implication, policymakers and practitioners might allocate resources to enrich positive family interactions and cultivate emotional competency to support adolescents' development of social responsibility.

The role of family health, socio-economic status, and heritability of neurodevelopmental disorders in the severity of cognitive dysfunctions in school-age children with ADHD

Introduction and objective: Little is known about the association between socioeconomic status, alcohol and tobacco use, and specific cognitive functions, like attention, working memory or executive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We aimed to determine if socioeconomic adversity and unhealthy family behaviours are predictors of cognitive functions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Materials and methods: We tested 176 Polish children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder aged 10–13 using the PU1 Battery of Cognitive Functions, while the children’s parents completed a questionnaire on socioeconomic status and alcohol and tobacco use at home during their child’s life stages. We applied cluster analysis of family types and moderation analysis that tested the heritability of neurodevelopmental disorders in family interactions. Results: We identified three family types that raise children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: 1) families with higher socioeconomic status, lower level of unhealthy family behaviours, and average levels of children’s cognitive functioning, 2) families with low socioeconomic status, high level of unhealthy family behaviours, and average levels of children’s cognitive functioning, and 3) families with average socioeconomic status, low level of unhealthy family behaviours and low level of children’s cognitive functioning. We found no statistically significant associations between family predictors, the moderator variable, and cognitive functions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Conclusions: The results of our study contrast with the large amount of evidence that shows a link between cognitive dysfunctions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and socioeconomic status and alcohol and tobacco use.

Child and Family Predictors for Mastery Motivation in Children With Developmental Delays.

Motivation is a key factor for child development, but very few studies have examined child and family predictors of both child task and perceived motivation. Thus, the three aims of this 6-month longitudinal study in preschoolers with global developmental delays (GDD) were to explore: 1) differences between task and perceived motivation in cognitive domain; 2) differences among three domains of perceived motivation: cognitive, gross motor, and social; and 3) early child and family predictors of cognitive task motivation and the three domains of perceived motivation 6 months later. Results indicated that preschoolers with GDD showed higher cognitive task motivation than cognitive perceived motivation, and lower perceived cognitive motivation than the other two perceived motivation domains. Different child and family factors predicted cognitive task motivation and the three domains of perceived motivation. Practitioners should educate caregivers on how to observe children's motivation to enhance children's active participation.

Unique longitudinal contributions of sulcal interruptions to reading acquisition in children.

A growing body of literature indicates strong associations between indentations of the cerebral cortex (i.e., sulci) and individual differences in cognitive performance. Interruptions, or gaps, of sulci (historically known as pli de passage) are particularly intriguing as previous work suggests that these interruptions have a causal effect on cognitive development. Here, we tested how the presence and morphology of sulcal interruptions in the left posterior occipitotemporal sulcus (pOTS) longitudinally impact the development of a culturally-acquired skill: reading. Forty-three children were successfully followed from age 5 in kindergarten, at the onset of literacy instruction, to ages 7 and 8 with assessments of cognitive, pre-literacy, and literacy skills, as well as MRI anatomical scans at ages 5 and 8. Crucially, we demonstrate that the presence of a left pOTS gap at 5 years is a specific and robust longitudinal predictor of better future reading skills in children, with large observed benefits on reading behavior ranging from letter knowledge to reading comprehension. The effect of left pOTS interruptions on reading acquisition accumulated through time, and was larger than the impact of benchmark cognitive and familial predictors of reading ability and disability. Finally, we show that increased local U-fiber white matter connectivity associated with such sulcal interruptions possibly underlie these behavioral benefits, by providing a computational advantage. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative evidence supporting a potential integrative gray-white matter mechanism underlying the cognitive benefits of macro-anatomical differences in sulcal morphology related to longitudinal improvements in a culturally-acquired skill.

Family centeredness of care: a cross-sectional study in intensive care units part of the European society of intensive care medicine

PurposeTo identify key components and variations in family-centered care practices.MethodsA cross-sectional study, conducted across ESICM members. Participating ICUs completed a questionnaire covering general ICU characteristics, visitation policies, team-family interactions, and end-of-life decision-making. The primary outcome, self-rated family-centeredness, was assessed using a visual analog scale. Additionally, respondents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Ethical Decision Making Climate Questionnaire to capture burnout dimensions and assess the ethical decision-making climate.ResultsThe response rate was 53% (respondents from 359/683 invited ICUs who actually open the email); participating healthcare professionals (HCPs) were from Europe (62%), Asia (9%), South America (6%), North America (5%), Middle East (4%), and Australia/New Zealand (4%). The importance of family-centeredness was ranked high, median 7 (IQR 6–8) of 10 on VAS. Significant differences were observed across quartiles of family centeredness, including in visitation policies availability of a waiting rooms, family rooms, family information leaflet, visiting hours, night visits, sleep in the ICU, and in team-family interactions, including daily information, routine day-3 conference, and willingness to empower nurses and relatives. Higher family centeredness correlated with family involvement in rounds, participation in patient care and end-of-life practices. Burnout symptoms (41% of respondents) were negatively associated with family-centeredness. Ethical climate and willingness to empower nurses were independent predictors of family centeredness.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the need to prioritize healthcare providers’ mental health for enhanced family-centered care. Further research is warranted to assess the impact of improving the ethical climate on family-centeredness.

YouTube for young children: What are infants and toddlers watching on the most popular video-sharing app?

Infants and toddlers engage with digital media about 1-3 hours per day with a growing proportion of time spent on YouTube. Examined content of YouTube videos viewed by children 0-35.9 months of age and predictors of YouTube content characteristics. We completed a secondary analysis of data from the 2020 Common Sense "YouTube and Kids" study. Parents were surveyed about demographics and YouTube viewing history. We developed a novel coding scheme to characterize educational quality and comprehension-aiding approaches (i.e., labels, pacing) in 426 videos watched by 47 children. Videos were previously coded for violence and consumerism. Bivariate analyses compared video-level predictors of higher quality educational content. Multivariable analyses examined child and family predictors of YouTube video content, adjusted for FDR. Only 19% of videos were age-appropriate, 27% were slow paced, 27% included physical violence, and 48% included consumerism. The game genre was associated with faster pace, more physical violence, more scariness, and more consumerism vs. all other videos. The informational genre was associated with more learning goals, slower pace, and less physical violence vs. all other videos. Child age 0-11.9 months vs. 24-35.9 months was associated with more age-inappropriate and violent content. Physical violence and consumerism were prevalent among YouTube videos viewed by this sample, with infants being exposed to more age-inappropriate and violent content compared with toddlers. Caregivers may wish to select videos in the informational genre which tended to include more high-quality indicators and avoid gaming videos and monitor young infant video content.

Women decision making on use of modern family planning methods and associated factors, evidence from PMA Ethiopia.

Family planning decision making is defined as women´s ability to determine the family planning methods that she wanted to use through the process of informed decision making. Despite the availability and accessibility of family planning methods, the utilization rate is not more than 41% in Ethiopia. Evidence and experts have consistently show that women decisions making ability on family planning method they desired to use is one of the possible reasons for this slow rate of family planning use increment. In consideration of this and further motives family planning use decision making has become one of the top sexual and reproductive health related sustainable development agendas. Hence, this study aimed at determining the level, trend and spatial distribution of family planning use decision making among married women and identify factors affecting it. This study was based on Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) 2020 cross sectional national survey data. Married women who are currently using or recently used family planning method were included in this study. Frequency was computed to describe the study participants while chi-square statistics was computed to examine the overall association of independent variable with family planning use decision making. To identify predictors of family planning use decision making multinomial logistics regression was employed. Results were presented in the form of percentage and relative risk ratio with 95% CI. Candidate variables were selected using p value of 0.25. Significance was declared at p value 0.05. This study revealed that one in two women (51.2%; 95% CI: 48.8%-53.6%) decide their family planning use by themselves while 37% (36.8%; 95% CI: 34.5%-39.2%) decide jointly with their husband and/or partner. Women alone family planning use decision making increased significantly 32.8% (95% CI: 29.4%, 36.4%) in 2014 to 51.2% (95% CI: 48.8%, 53.6%) in 2020. It also shows variation across regions from scanty in Afar and Somali to 63.6% in Amhara region and 61.5 Addis Ababa. Obtaining desired family planning method was found significantly to improve women alone and joint family planning use decision making. Women who have perceive control and feeling if they get pregnant now were found to be positively associated with women alone family planning use decision making. Discussion with husband, his feeling towards family planning were found positively to influence family planning use joint decision making. Moreover, women religion, was found reducing the likelihood of both women alone and joint family planning use decision making while experiencing side effect reduces the likelihood of joint family planning use decision making. Half of the women independently decide their family planning use which calls up on further improvement. Family planning use decision making ability is expected to be improved by efforts targeted on husbands' approval on wife's family planning use, discussion on family planning use with husband/partner, improving women psychosociological readiness and trust on her own to decide her desired family planning method; informing the possible side effects and what to do when they encountered during their family planning use visit. In addition, influencing women on the use of family planning via religious leader will help much in this regard. Monitoring and evaluating reproductive health policy 2021 to2025 and addressing bottlenecks which hinder women decision making health service use is hoped to improve women family planning use decision making. Further qualitative study to identify and address factors that contribute for the variation across regions also help much.

Changes in, and factors associated with family functioning: results of four cross-sectional household surveys from 2011 to 2017 in Hong Kong

BackgroundPrevious research has well-documented that family functioning is an important predictor of individuals’ physical and mental health. However, relatively little research has explored family functioning at the family and population levels, such as changes in family functioning across years and whether predictors of family functioning differ across different family structures. Understanding of the changes in family functioning across years and factors promoting family functioning will inform the development of preventive measures to enhance family health and resilience. Objectives of the study were: (1) to examine the changes in family functioning across a 6-year study period and (2) to study protective factors associated with family functioning and the extent to which the factors are the same or different across different family structures. Method: The study involved secondary data analysis of the biannual Family Survey carried out by the Family Council, an advisory body to the Hong Kong government. A series of ANOVA and regression analyses were conducted using data of four population-based cross-sectional household surveys conducted in Hong Kong in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017. Results: There were some fluctuations in overall family functioning scores across the study period, but no significant difference was found between the scores in 2011 and 2017. Different predictors of family functioning were found for different family types, and frequent family communication was a common protective factor for most family types, including never married, married/cohabiting with children, and married/cohabiting with no children. Conclusion: The study is among the first to examine changes in family functioning at the population level. Monitoring and addressing family functioning may help tackle various social problems and future public health crises. Interventions to promote family functioning should address both common and different protective factors of different family types.

Family relationships and family predictors of psychological distress in emerging adult college students: A 3-year study

During emerging adulthood, family relationships remain salient. This study examined, from a gender perspective, continuity/discontinuity and stability/instability in family relationships, in a two-time repeated-measures study with Spanish emerging adult college students. It also analyzed the implications of the quality of parent–child relationships for emerging adults’ psychological distress. A sample of 400 Spanish college students aged between 18 and 29 years was followed across two time points (M = 20.31 and SD = 2.04 at Time 1; M = 23.66 and SD = 2.08 at Time 2), completing a self-report measure of parenting behaviors and psychological distress. Results indicated continuity in family social support, parental autonomy support, and psychological control; however, they also revealed discontinuity, with parental warmth, parental involvement, and behavioral control decreasing over time. Results also indicated high rank-order stability in family relationships, seen globally. Regression analyses showed that, only for men, parental involvement at T1 consistently predicted psychological distress at T2, as well as changes in psychological distress between T1 and T2. This study provides data supporting the idea that both change and continuity exist in family relationships. It also expands on the scarce research focused on this developmental context during emerging adulthood in Spain and provides support for designing preventive parenting interventions.

Immediate postpartum family planning utilization and its associated factors among postpartum women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Family planning integration in areas where women contact the healthcare system routinely is essential for addressing the high unmet need for family planning among postpartum women and reducing the risk of short interpregnancies. Immediate postpartum family planning (IPPFP) is an integrated service, and opportunities exist for women by providing family planning (FP) counseling and contraceptives as part of care following childbirth within 48 h. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the pooled estimate of immediate postpartum family planning utilization and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Electronic databases were used to conduct an extensive search of all published studies, and the digital library was used to identify any unpublished studies. An observational study that reports the prevalence/magnitude and/or associated factors/predictors/determinants of IPPFP utilization in Ethiopia was included. Data were extracted on the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA Version 11. A random-effects model was applied to determine the pooled prevalence of immediate postpartum family planning utilization with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Inverse variance (I2) was used to identify the presence of heterogeneity, and a funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check the presence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the sample size, region, and year of study to identify the source of heterogeneity. Of 15 primary studies, the overall pooled prevalence of immediate postpartum family planning utilization among postpartum women in Ethiopia was 21.04% (95% CI: 13.08, 29.00). Received counseling on FP [OR: 3.59; 95% CI (1.84, 7.01; P < 0.001), having a positive attitude toward FP [OR: 3.2; 95% CI (1.23, 8.35); P = 0.017], and partner support to use FP [OR: 5.85; 95% CI (1.12, 30.54; P = 0.036) were significant predictors of immediate postpartum family planning utilization. Generally, IPPFP utilization in Ethiopia was insufficient. Therefore, to enhance the utilization, integrating FP counseling at all maternal service care points, strengthening community awareness to develop a favorable attitude toward family planning, and promoting partner involvement in family planning counseling are essential. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=239053, identifier: CRD42021239053.

Problematic use of the internet among adolescents: A four-wave longitudinal study of trajectories, predictors and outcomes.

Problematic use of the internet (PUI) among adolescents has become one of the public problems around the world. Understanding the developmental trajectory of PUI may be beneficial to develop prevention and intervention. The current study aimed to identify the developmental trajectories of PUI among adolescents, considering individual differences over time. And also explored how familial factors contributed to the identified trajectories, and the relationship between PUI changes over time and social, mental health, and academic functioning. A total of 1,149 adolescents (Mage=15.82,SD=0.61; 55.27% girls at Wave 1) participated in assessments at four time points, using 6-month assessment intervals. Based on a latent class growth model, three trajectories of PUI were identified: Low Decreasing, Moderate Increasing, and High Increasing groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that inter-parental conflicts and childhood maltreatment served as negative familial predictors for the risk trajectories of PUI (i.e., Moderate Increasing and High Increasing groups). Additionally, adolescents in these two groups displayed more estranged interpersonal relationships, more mental health difficulties, and poorer academic functioning. It is important to consider individual differences in understanding the developmental patterns of PUI among adolescents. Identifying family predictors and the behavioral outcome associated with groups with different developmental trajectories of PUI, which may help to understand better risk factors related to specific developmental patterns of PUI and its adverse correlates. The findings highlight a need to develop more specific effective intervention programs for individuals displaying different problematic developmental trajectories with PUI.

Time to postpartum family planning initiation and its predictors among mothers coming for first measles vaccination at Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia, Dessie Model Clinic, Northeast Ethiopia: cox-regression model

BackgroundTiming of initiation of family planning is an important determinant for the health status of the mother and her child. One-fourths of mothers in developing countries who wanted to space or limit their children were not using family planning methods at right time after delivery. Despite, the existence of many literatures about postpartum family planning, the timing of it is not yet studied. Thus, this study aimed to assess time to postpartum family planning and its predictors among mothers coming for first measles vaccination in Dessie city, Northeast Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among mothers coming for infant vaccination at Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia, Dessie Model Clinic in Dessie City. A systematic sampling technique was used. The data were entered and analyzed using Epi Data version 3.1 and STATA version 14.0, respectively. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression model were used to test the time and predictors of postpartum family planning initiation. Adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CI was used to test the strength of association at a p-value of 0.05.ResultsThe rate of postpartum FP initiation was 0.6% with 95% CI (0.0056, 0.0069). Keeping the effect of confounder constant, age of the women 20–24 [AHR = 2.63, 95% CI (1.65,4.19)], 25–29 [AHR = 3.66, 95% CI (2.35,5.73)], 30–34 [AHR = 2.79, 95% CI (1.75,4.46)], getting family planning counseling [AHR = 1.78, 95% CI (1.26, 2.52)], want more child [AHR = 0.47, 95% CI (0.34, 0.66)], having history of abortion [AHR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.36,0.81)] and wanted last pregnancy [AHR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.49, 0.97) were significantly associated with postpartum family planning initiation.ConclusionsAge, history of abortion, counseling about family planning, the status of last pregnancy and want more child were significantly associated with postpartum family planning use. Continuous emphasis should be given for health care providers to encourage their counseling services for their customers at different age groups with special attention given for elders.

Factors associated with modern contraceptives uptake during the first year after birth in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Though postpartum family planning helps women to achieve the recommended birth interval before next pregnancy, its utilization in Ethiopia is low. Understanding drivers and barriers is key to improve postpartum family planning uptake. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyze and summarize predictors of postpartum family planning uptake, during the first year after birth, in Ethiopia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies published in English before April 16, 2021. We searched electronic sources like PubMed, MEDLINE, CINHAL Embase, Google and supplemented it with manual search. Two reviewers appraised independently the studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool for the observational studies. Data synthesis and analysis were conducted using Review Manager Version 5.3. The Cochrane Q test statistic and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity among the included studies. A random-effects and fixed effect model were used to calculate pooled Odds Ratio and its 95% CI. A total of 22 studies were included in the review. Better educational status of women[OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 2.15, 3.14], women's marital status [OR = 4.70; 95% CI: 1.51, 14.60], resumption of sexual intercourse [OR = 6.22; 95% CI: 3.01, 12.86], menses return [OR = 3.72; 95% CI: 1.98, 6.99], PPFP discussion with partner [OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 2.00, 3.20], women's previous PPFP information [OR = 4.93; 95% CI: 2.26, 10.76], PPFP counseling during ANC [OR = 3.95; 95% CI: 2.50, 6.23], having PNC [OR = 4.22; 95% CI: 2.80, 6.34], having experience of modern contraceptive use [OR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.62, 5.19], facility birth [OR = 6.70; 95% CI: 3.15, 14.25], and longer interval after last delivery [OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.43] were significantly associated with modern contraceptive uptake during postpartum period. Our systematic review identified modifiable factors and estimated their association with PPFP uptake. Since most of these factors are related to reproductive health characteristics and MNCH services, integrating PPFP into MNCH services particularly at primary health care unit may improve contraceptive uptake during postpartum period. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: 2020: CRD42020159470.

Longitudinal trajectories of approaches to learning among Chinese preschoolers: Family predictors and academic outcomes

Considering the beneficial effects associated with approaches to learning (ATL) and the need to better understand its occurrence and development, this study examined the trajectories of ATL, as well as family predictors and academic outcomes in a longitudinal study in China. It followed 417 preschoolers (55.9% males; M=42 months, SD=4 months) for three years and noted three main findings. First, latent curve modeling revealed an initially above-average level and linear increase trajectories of ATL with interindividual variations. Second, although socioeconomic status (SES) predicted children's ATL in early kindergarten, home learning environment (HLE) trajectories had a uniquely positive effect on ATL trajectories. Third, ATL trajectories predicted an improvement in language skills and cognitive skills. These results help to effectively guide ATL for improving children's academic outcomes.

Magnitude of Modern Contraceptive Utilization and its Associated Factors Among Postpartum Women in Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Despite the significant benefit of postpartum modern contraceptives to avert the problems related to short interpregnancy intervals and unintended pregnancy, still the uptake remains low in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude of family planning use during the puerperium period and the factors associated with it in the Benchi Sheko zone of Southwest Ethiopia. From 10th March to 10th May/2021, 385 mothers were enrolled in a community-based cross-sectional study. Participants were nominated using simple random sampling. To collect the data, an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. To identify the factors associated with the utilization of postpartum contraceptives, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. The statistical significance level was determined at p-value &lt; .05. The overall utilization of postpartum modern family planning utilization was 50.4% (95% CI: 45.3, 55.3). Maternal education (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI; 1.03–4.95), informed on family planning (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI; 0.13–0.91), counseled on contraceptives during Antenatal Care (ANC) (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.05–3.17), previous family planning utilization (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28–0.73), counseled on contraceptives at the time of PNC (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.07–2.71), and resumption of sexual intercourse after delivery (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.57–11.08) were the major factors hindering the utilization of modern contraceptives. the overall magnitude of modern contraceptive utilization during the puerperium period was low. Having counseling, information, and previous experience in family planning, and time to sexual intercourse resumption were clinical predictors of family planning utilization. A concerted effort to incorporate contraceptive services into maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) service units should strengthen much, and counseling gives due emphasis.

Family predictors of physical activity change during the COVID-19 lockdown in preschool children in Germany

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with crucial changes in children’s daily life including their physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). Among preschool children, the family represents an important factor for sufficient PA levels by being the gatekeeper for PA. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the family environment, specifically SES, parental support, and having siblings on COVID-19-related changes of PA and ST behavior in 317 (170 boys, 147 girls) German preschool children using longitudinal data. Our results indicate a decline in total amount of sports-related PA, an increase in outdoor play, as well as an increase in leisure ST in preschool children. The changes in total amount of PA differed between children with different levels of parental support as well as in dependence on having siblings. Furthermore, levels of outdoor play and ST in preschool children were influenced by environmental factors like having access to their own garden. We conclude that the family environment (parental support as well as physical environment) is highly relevant for PA and ST levels in preschool children. To provide every child with PA opportunities during potential future lockdowns, restriction policies should be adapted and parents need sophisticated information about the importance of their support and thus the PA levels of their children.