Family Practices Research Articles

First bioarchaeological evidence of the familial practice of embalming of infant and adult relatives in Early Modern France.

While medieval and modern embalming practices in Western Europe are attested to historically and bioarcheologically, especially for famous historical figures, there are few recorded occurrences of this type of corpse preparation for a large number of archaeological individuals from the same lineage. Moreover, evidence of such practices mainly concerns adult individuals, whereas traces of child embalming are extremely rare. In 2017, the discovery of a crypt in the chapel of the Château des Milandes (Castelnaud-la-Chapelle, Dordogne, France) revealed a collective burial of the scattered remains of seven adults and five children of the aristocratic Caumont family, who died in the 16th and 17th centuries and whose skeletons all show marks of embalming practices. In 2021, another excavation in the chapel uncovered the individual grave of an elderly woman whose body was also embalmed. This skeletal sample provides a unique opportunity to examine the modus operandi of medieval embalming through the cutmarks left on the cranium and appendicular skeleton and to compare mortuary protocols for adults and children. Our macroscopic and microscopic investigations revealed a thorough and highly standardized technical treatment that was similar for both adult and very young immature individuals and displays a skillset that was passed down over two centuries.

Impact of cable lock distribution on firearm securement after emergent mental health evaluation: a randomized controlled trial.

Suicide-related presentations to pediatric emergency departments (PED) have increased in recent years. PED providers have the opportunity to reduce suicide risk by counseling on restricting access to lethal means. Supplementing lethal means counseling (LMC) with safety device distribution is effective in improving home safety practices. Data on PED-based LMC in high-risk patient populations is limited. The objective of this study was to determine if caregivers of children presenting to PED for mental health evaluation were more likely to secure all household firearms if given cable-style gun locks in addition to LMC. In this randomized controlled trial, caregivers completed a survey regarding storage practices of firearms and medication in the home. Participants were randomized to receive LMC (control) or LMC plus 2 cable-style gun locks (intervention). Follow-up survey was distributed 1 month after encounter. Primary outcome was proportion of households reporting all household firearms secured at follow-up. Secondary outcomes included: removal of lethal means from the home, purchase of additional safety devices, use of PED-provided locks (intervention only), and acceptability of PED-based LMC. Two hundred participants were enrolled and randomized. Comparable portions of study groups completed follow-up surveys. Control and intervention arms had similar proportions of households reporting all firearms secured at baseline (89.9% vs. 82.2%, p = 0.209) and follow-up (97.1% vs. 98.5%, p = 0.96), respectively. Other safety behaviors such as removal of firearms (17.6% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.732), removal of medication (19.1% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.361), and purchase of additional safety devices (66.2% vs. 61.8%, p = 0.721) were also alike between the two groups. Both groups held favorable views of PED-based counseling. Within the intervention group, 70% reported use of provided locks. Preference for a different style of securement device was the most cited reason among those not using PED-provided locks. PED-based LMC is a favorably-viewed, effective tool for improving home safety practices in families of high-risk children. Provision of cable-style gun locks did not improve rate of firearm securement compared LMC alone-likely due to high baseline rates of firearm securement and preference for different style of lock among non-utilizers. ID: NCT05568901 . gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ . Retrospectively registered October 6, 2022. First participant enrollment: June 28, 2021.

Unpacking norms shaping disclosure of intrafamilial child sexual abuse

Cultural norms and beliefs that negatively sanction discussions about child sexual abuse (CSA) behaviours remain significant barriers to victim disclosure and prevention in Ghana, particularly in cases of intrafamilial child sexual abuse (IFCSA). These cultural norms could influence how survivors of IFCSA interpret the abuse and cope with associated trauma. We explored the life stories of four IFCSA survivors in Ghana through a biographical narrative interview, and the findings highlighted cases of gender dynamics, rationalisation of IFCSA, and challenging family practices. The findings highlight multiple cultural norms that underlie IFCSA cases, including taboos on disclosure of IFCSA, gender norms regarding male victims, and the importance of “face-saving” and safeguarding family image. Implications for practice are discussed.

Doing family in three – two partners and an animal companion

ABSTRACT Animals have become increasingly integrated into the human home and family practices. This paper explores the changing role of animals in diverse Polish families. It demonstrates how the presence of ACs and common practices shape and polish couples' lives and influence doing and displaying family. To do so we explored the lives of diverse couples, those who do not yet have children, including LGBTQ families, and those whose children have left the family home, all of them living with ACs. We looked at their diversity through the prism of animals' role in everyday life practices and the interspecies bond being created. We found that in analysed projects ACs were given a high status in the familial hierarchy and played a central role in family everyday lives that can be named a separate phase in the family life course. Our goal was to describe the practices that constitute and express this uniqueness of doing interspecies family triangles/herds. For the everydayness of the interspecies family, the concept of family This paper describes how the emotional interspecies kinship is being practiced by human couples with ACs, who took part in our study.

How Do Demographic Characteristics of Homeschooling Households Influence the Way Homeschooling is Practiced?

ABSTRACT We articulate a theory suggesting that the way families practice homeschooling is based on practical constraints imposed by household demographic characteristics and ideological considerations. These theories are empirically tested using the 2012, 2016, and 2019 waves of the National Household Education Survey and a sample of 1,468 homeschooling families. Findings indicate that specific household characteristics such as family structure, labor force participation, and parents’ educational background are associated with how long a child is homeschooled and the resources families use to homeschool their children. Comparisons between homeschooling and non-homeschooling families are also made.

Early adolescents' ethnic-racial discrimination and pubertal development: Parents' ethnic-racial identities promote adolescents' resilience.

Ethnically and racially underrepresented adolescents are experiencing pubertal development earlier in life than prior cohorts and their White American peers. This early onset of puberty is partly attributable to ethnic-racial discrimination. To contribute to adolescents' resilience and posttraumatic growth in the face of ethnic-racial discrimination, parents' ethnic-racial identities may spill over into their parenting beliefs and practices. Parents who have a sense of belonging with and commitment to their ethnic-racial identities may be aware of discrimination and actively and consistently engage in practices that build supportive home environments to support their children's development in the context of ethnic-racial discrimination. To assess whether parents' ethnic-racial identity commitment predicted adolescents' resilience against ethnic-racial discrimination, we used multiple waves of survey data from adolescent siblings and their parents participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (N-adolescents = 1,651; N-families = 805; 35% Black, 37% Latinx, 3% Asian, 25% other ethnically and racially underrepresented youth; 49% boys, 50% girls, 1% gender nonconforming youth; Mage = 11.49, SD = 0.51). Results indicated that adolescents who experienced more frequent ethnic-racial discrimination than their siblings showed more advanced pubertal development. Parental ethnic-racial identity commitment reduced the relation between discrimination and pubertal development within a family. Results suggest that ethnic-racial identity commitment in parents can protect children when they experience ethnic-racial discrimination. Building on extant propositions related to resilience (Infurna & Luthar, 2018), the present study amplifies the depiction of resilience, yields recommendations for analysis of future research, and provides implications regarding the role of ethnicity-race in familial practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Co-constructing identities and ideological positions in conversational storytelling among friends

Research has shown that identities and ideologies result from a complex interplay between various social, cultural and psychological factors, such as socialisation, shared experiences, cultural backgrounds and institutional practices in media, education and family. However, due to this tendency to focus on macro identity categories and macro-level ideological processes, more research is needed on how these categories and ideologies are co-constructed and operationalised within micro contexts, such as between friends. In doing so, we can explore the malleability of ideologies and identities as individuals (re)negotiate their beliefs and affiliations over time, often within micro, everyday activities. Using ethnographic methods and a practice approach to narrative, this paper shows how the analysis of conversational practices, specifically storytelling, can provide a window into the granular semiotic and discursive processes through which group identities and ideologies are (re)negotiated in mundane everyday discourse. The analyses of naturally occurring conversations between friends in Cape Town, South Africa, show that, through the use of constructed dialogue and other evaluative devices, interlocutors jointly negotiate complex alignments and positions in relation to a variety of social issues and ordinary occurrences, simultaneously and implicitly (re)establishing or (re)defining their group positionalities and ideologies.

Media as a Locus for Family Ethnic-Racial Socialization: U.S. Youth Report on Discussions and Mutual Mediation

ABSTRACT To examine the role of media in family discussions of race and ethnicity, we surveyed a U.S. sample of 834 Asian/Asian American, Black, Hispanic, Indigenous/Native American, and White 10- to 17-year-olds. Based on social relational theory, we conceived of media as a resource and locus for mutual influence, whereby parents and youth may mediate each other’s exposure to ethnic-racial depictions. Consistent with conceptions of race/ethnicity as vertical identities (shared by parent and child, socialized primarily by parents because of relevant, lived experience), youths overall reported that their parents (vs. they) engaged in more mediation. However, as hypothesized, older youths and those whose parents were adult immigrants reported more mutual mediation. Contrary to hypotheses, the direction of mediation did not vary based on whether parents and youth had the same ethnic-racial background. Notably, there was no single set of media-based socialization practices in families of color, distinct from White families. For example, Black youths reported more parental mediation than Asian/Asian American and Indigenous/Native American youths, and White and Hispanic youth fell in between. However, all minoritized ethnic-racial groups reported somewhat fewer positive media-based discussions of race and ethnicity than White youths.

The Leaky Home: Conceptualizing the Remote Control of Smart Technologies in the Domestic Sphere

Today many homes are accessible from afar, with mobile phones functioning as remote controls for technologies within the home. In this article we propose the ‘leaky home’ as a conceptual figure to understand how automated homes that leak through connected devices and sensors that collect, transmit, receive and share data are experienced and sensed by bodies within these distributed spaces. The leak brings together postmodern metaphors of fluidity and the 21st century discourse of information leaks, while maintaining infrastructural connotations of substances that shift domain in very tangible ways. By looking at a series of examples from media accounts and research conducted in Denmark, the UK, the USA and Australia, ranging from everyday family practices to digital coercive control, we explore how the care-control complex of the home is impacted by its leaky nature.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Self-Guided Digital Family Skills Management Intervention for Children Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Family dynamics play an important role in determining the glycemic outcomes of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children. The time interval immediately following T1D diagnosis is particularly stressful for families, and interventions to support families in adjusting their family practices to support adjustment to and management of T1D in the months following diagnosis may improve glycemic outcomes. Self-guided digital interventions offer a sustainable model for interventions to support caregivers in learning evidence-based family management skills for adjustment to and management of T1D. We hypothesized that a self-guided, web-based, family skills management program (addressing caregiver social support as well as family problem-solving, communication, and supportive behavior change strategies) initiated at the time of T1D diagnosis would improve glycemic outcomes in children with T1D. In this study, we report on the feasibility and acceptability of this program. We prospectively evaluated a sample of 37 children newly diagnosed with T1D recruited from a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Parent participants were asked to complete web-based modules addressing social support, family problem-solving, communication, and supportive behavior change strategies. Module completion was analyzed for percentage completion, patterns of completion, and differences in completion rates by coparenting status. Qualitative open-ended feedback was collected at the completion of each module. A total of 31 (84%) of the 37 participants initiated the web-based program. Of those 31 participants, 25 (81%) completed some content and 15 (48%) completed all 5 modules. Completion rates were higher when coparenting partners engaged in the intervention together (P=.04). Of the 18 participants given a choice about the spacing of content delivery, 15 (83%) chose to have all sessions delivered at once and 3 (17%) chose to space sessions out at 2-week intervals. Qualitative feedback supported the acceptability of the program for delivery soon after T1D diagnosis. Families reported on positive benefits, including requesting future access to the program and describing helpful changes in personal or family processes for managing T1D. In this study, we found that a self-guided digital family support intervention initiated at the time of a child's T1D diagnosis was largely feasible and acceptable. Overall, rates of participation and module completion were similar to or higher than other self-guided digital prevention interventions for mental and physical health outcomes. Self-guided digital programs addressing family management skills may help prevent challenges common with T1D management and can decrease cost, increase access, and add flexibility compared to traditional interventions. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03720912; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03720912.

Bringing Traditional Medicine into the Health Humanities Classroom with Kali Fajardo-Anstine's "Remedies".

In this essay, we recommend Kali Fajardo-Anstine's short story "Remedies" (2019) for inclusion on health humanities syllabi based on our experiences teaching it at two undergraduate institutions. The story is drawn from Sabrina & Corina, Fajardo-Anstine's award-winning book of short stories about Chicana and Indigenous women in Colorado, but is available for free online, making it highly accessible for students. "Remedies" is narrated by Clarisa, who turns to her great-grandmother Estrella for the traditional knowledge that ultimately cures her family's recurrent outbreaks of lice. As a health narrative that centers familial and cultural healing practices, "Remedies" offers a much needed counterpart to the biomedical frameworks that tend to dominate health humanities syllabi and curricula. At the same time that it illuminates the physical and emotional efficacy of such practices, "Remedies" rejects a binary that pits them against biomedicine, offering a complex portrait of how various members of a family integrate traditional and biomedical approaches to health. We discuss how themes related to familial and cultural healing practices are developed in the story and introduce our approach to initiating productive conversations about the relationship between traditional healing and biomedicine in our classrooms.

A look at the treatment of the contents of Agroecology as a component of agricultural education in Biology 1

<p>Currently, the study of Agroecology as a component of agricultural education in the subject of Biology 1 and the treatment of its contents at the basic secondary educational level is of great importance. Agricultural education is of vital importance to achieve sustainable development, adopting environmental, economic and social policies based on agroecological principles related to food production and local development from the Cuban educational system. In this sense, it is necessary for teachers to promote and encourage students towards the use of agroecological practices to contribute to the education of current and future generations in love and respect for rurality and for the school to become an extensionist of the agrarian culture. The objective of this article is: to systematize the theoretical foundations of Agroecology as a component of agricultural education and the treatment of its contents, promoting agroecological practices on the basis of food sovereignty and security. To achieve this objective, theoretical (analytical-synthetic; inductive-deductive) and empirical (observation; documentary analysis and interview) methods were used. The importance of this work lies in seventh grade students being able to develop agroecological practices in school, family and community with a view to finding possible solutions to the problems associated with production processes to support family food security.<strong></strong></p>

Knowledge related to breast cancer screening programs by physicians in Brazil.

Antonini et al. evaluated gynecologists', obstetricians', and family and community physicians knowledge of breast cancer screening and their adherence to recommendations defined by the BI-RADS™ system. The study demonstrated that inadequate training resulted in insufficient screening and failure to follow the protocols recommended by the BIRADS™ system. ■ Variability in screening protocols: only 42.8% of gynecologists and obstetricians follow the 40-74 years protocol, while 76.6% of family physicians follow the 50-69 years protocol. ■ High rate of incorrect BIRADS. interpretation: there were 46.3% incorrect responses among gynecologists and obstetricians and 77.9% among family physicians, highlighting significant knowledge gaps. ■ Misconception about breast ultrasound: 39.1% of gynecologists and obstetricians and 20.3% of family physicians incorrectly consider ultrasound as a screening method. ■ Impact of inadequate training: inadequate training leads to improper screening practices that do not align with the BIRADS. recommended guidelines. To evaluate the knowledge and practices of gynecologists, obstetricians, and family and community physicians in Brazil regarding breast cancer screening, mammographic findings defined by the BIRADS™ system, and their approach to suspected clinical lesions. This was an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted using an online research questionnaire distributed via email to 9,000 gynecologists and obstetricians and 5,600 family and community and preventive medicine doctors actively practicing in Brazil. Among gynecologists and obstetricians, 42.8% follow the 40-74 years screening, 33.5% follow the 50-69 years screening, and 23.6% do not follow any specific protocol. Among the family and community physicians, 76.6% follow the 50-69 years screening protocol, and 23.4% do not follow any specific protocol. When we evaluated the responses regarding the behaviors of each BIRADS™ classification, 46.3% of responses were wrong among gynecologists and obstetricians, and 77.9% were wrong among community and preventive medicine doctors, exhibiting a significant difference. The role of breast ultrasound in screening was evaluated; 39.1% of gynecologists and obstetricians and 20.3% of community and preventive medicine doctors consider it as a screening method. Among gynecologists and obstetricians who do not follow any screening protocol, 94.7% consider ultrasound as a screening method. Among community and preventive medicine doctors, only 26.5% of physicians who follow the 50-69 years screening method consider it as a screening method. Inadequate training results in gynecologists and obstetricians, and family and community physicians performing inadequate screening and not following the recommended practices outlined in the BIRADS™ system.

A "Whole Child Approach": Parent Experiences with Acute Care Hospitalizations for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Behavioral Health Needs.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience increased hospitalizations as compared to the general population, particularly in the context of mental health crises. Given the unique needs of children with ASD and behavioral health needs that can either lead to or emerge during hospitalization, an understanding of hospital experiences is critical. To date, research on caregiver experiences in acute care medical hospital settings is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate caregiver experiences with inpatient care for children with ASD and behavioral health needs, including factors and practices that impacted or were desirable for care. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 12 parents of children with ASD admitted to a large pediatric hospital. Data were analyzed using interpretive description. Emerging themes pointed to the child, family, and staff factors and practices that intersect to influence hospitalization experiences. Child factors included the child's communication, sensory, behavioral, medical, and safety needs. Family factors included the family's relationship with the healthcare team, own needs, and advocacy experiences. Staff factors included staff communication practices, comfort, and knowledge when providing care. Overall, this research demonstrates the complexity of factors and practices that impact the behavioral health hospitalization experience for children with ASD and their caregivers. Experiences varied widely and were guided by the unique needs of each child. Findings point to care practices that can be adopted to best meet the needs of all stakeholders during hospitalization and offer implications for future educational initiatives.

Comparative Analysis of Waiting and Consultation Times in Convenient Care Clinics versus Traditional Family Practice: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare waiting and consultation times between convenient care clinics (CCCs) and traditional family practice physician offices, with a focus on their impact on patient satisfaction and healthcare delivery efficiency. The review synthesizes data from various studies to assess differences in patient waiting times, consultation durations, and overall satisfaction between these two healthcare settings. A comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and MEDLINE was conducted to identify relevant studies. Data extraction focused on waiting times, consultation times, patient satisfaction, and any variations based on time of day or healthcare setting. The review found that CCCs generally offer shorter waiting times compared to traditional family practices, enhancing immediate access to care. However, consultations in CCCs were typically longer. Patient satisfaction was higher in CCCs due to reduced waiting periods. The study highlights the effectiveness of CCCs in improving access and patient satisfaction, while also indicating the need for a balance between immediate care and the depth of consultations provided. Further research is needed to explore how these findings can inform improvements in healthcare delivery across various settings.

Maligay: An Iconic Tausug Traditional Token for Pagtammat in the Sulu Archipelago

The Tausug reside in Lupah Sug (Sulu) and even in Northeastern Borneo, including parts of Indonesia and Malaysia. Historically, they were governed under the Sulu Sultanate. Today, the Tausug maintain a strong connection to their heritage, including the tradition of Pagtammat, using Maligay as an example of a valued cultural practice in rural communities in Sulu, Philippines. Maligay Pagtammat symbolizes the completion of Quranic studies by children, reflecting a strong attachment to traditional learning methods and the importance of Islamic education. It is largely unknown outside the Tausug community, particularly in Luzon and Visayas, due to limited available literature. Hence, this study explores Maligay Pagtammat among Tausug families in the municipalities of Parang, Panglima Estino, and Panamao in Sulu. Through participant observation and interviews with eight participants, all residents of the three localities with first-hand experience of the practice, descriptive thematic analysis of the data revealed the cultural significance, educational practices, and community values linked to Maligay Pagtammat among Tausug families. Despite challenges such as poverty and pastoral lifestyles, parents value Islamic education and express appreciation through this tradition. The ceremony involves extensive preparations, a procession, epic narratives, and a communal meal. Findings highlight the cultural and educational practices of Tausug families in rural Sulu, showcasing their resilience in preserving traditions amidst modernization. This study contributes to understanding Tausug identity and community cohesion through cultural practices.

The history of rescue in Poland and genderperspective: new approaches and questions

This essay does not claim to be a gender and quantitative analysis of rescue. Its modest aim is todiscuss complexities and diffi culties of studying the subject of rescue of Jews in wartime Polandfrom a gender perspective. The initial analysis put forward here is intended to investigate to whatextent gender mattered in the treatment of the non-Jewish Polish rescuers by members of theirlocal communities during and after the war. The essay demonstrates how the use of the categoryof gender in the study of rescue of Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland can facilitate an in-depth analysisof the nature of rescue of adult and young Jewish fugitives in everyday settings. Gender as a toolof analysis can also throw new light on dangers and betrayal of rescuers within the local socialenvironment. This essay also argues that gender should be explored in relation not only to objectivefactors such as the age, socio-economic background and religiosity of rescuers, but also in relationto more subjective factors such as internal dynamics in marriages and individual family practices,the individual system of beliefs, and parental and sexual desires of married, widowed and singlemale and female rescuers.

Voicing infant talk: Infant's agency in Spanish family interactions

In a moment in which society frequently legitimizes the narrative that young children are “goal-oriented”, “competent” and “agents”, this paper denaturalizes this core value through empirical examples of how agency is enacted in family practices in which parents and siblings animate infant “speech” (voicing), fortifying the child's active family membership. The paper draws from a multimodal, longitudinal, ethnographic study examining the language socialization of infants in Spanish middle-class families from Madrid. In dialogue with a relational approach to agency, voicing is analyzed to showcase how the social construction of babies' agency dynamically changes in different positions (e. g. between competence and vulnerability) and in different verbal and no-verbal attunements between babies and family members. As we consider the interactional and verbal routine of voicing, we also move to a more vaguely defined terrain of undervalued dimensions, such as infant vocalizations and other forms of multimodal and embodied communicative practices, as they co-occur in socio-material ensembles.

Navigating household food insecurity and environmental sustainability on a low income: An exploration of Sheffield mothers.

In 2023, 25% of adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland experienced food insecurity. The concentration of food insecurity in both socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and households containing children raises concerns about its uneven nutritional and health impacts across different groups. In parallel with rising food insecurity over the past decade, concerns about the environmental consequences of human diets are intensifying, where urgent changes are needed to people's diets to avoid irreversible environmental damage. It is generally assumed that cost has a significant impact on people's ability to adopt more environmentally sustainable food practices. This UK Research Council-funded project seeks to gain insights into the ways in which low-income mothers (are able to) engage with environmentally sustainable food practices. RQ1 will examine the day-to-day food practices that mothers undertake for their families to offer insights into everyday food insecurity and the relevance of environmentally sustainable food practices. RQ2 will explore biographical experiences to highlight how mothers' life histories influence their familial food practices, including their current household food security and engagement with environmentally sustainable food practices. Finally, RQ3 will explore mothers' upcoming prospects of food insecurity and environmentally sustainable food practices. These research questions will be explored through a qualitative longitudinal, feminist study of 15 low-income mothers in Sheffield, UK, combining in-depth interviews with ethnographic elements. Gaining improved knowledge of mothers' food practices on a low income will be valuable to influence realistic, effective and meaningful philosophies, policies and practical action that prioritises equity, good nutrition and environmentally sustainable food practices.

“I know this language, that language, and my language”

Abstract Adopting a longitudinal dynamic perspective on the field of Family Language Policy (FLP), combined with insights from language socialization, the current study explores five Iranian immigrant family members’ language ideologies, practices and policies and aims to unfold the processes through which the language ideologies and policies are instantiated and negotiated. Particular foci are the evolving nature of family language ideologies and practices, emphasizing the influence of children’s language ideologies and societal interactions. Through detailed analyses of multiparty family interactions, the study argues the significance of considering children’s language ideologies as integral to understanding of their language practices, moving beyond a simplistic attribution of actions to mere ‘agency’.