Utilization Of Family Planning Research Articles

Level of immediate postpartum family planning utilization and the associated factors among postpartum mothers, Bole Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: institution based cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe occurrence of pregnancy in the postpartum period poses a risk to women and their infants, and it also has increased risks of adverse health outcomes if a pregnancy happens less than two years after the preceding birth. Utilization of immediate postpartum family planning is a possible and simple way to reduce these unfavourable outcomes. However, only a small proportion of mothers use the service; but the reasons appear unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the level and factors associated with the utilization of immediate postpartum family planning in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out from August 15 to September 15, 2022, among mothers who gave birth one year before the data collection period. A total of 425 mothers were selected with a systematic random sampling technique. A pretested and structured questionnaire was administered to collect data. Data entry and analysis were done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25. Chi-square, multicollinearity and Hosmer-Lemshaw model fitness tests were tested. The level of utilization was determined by descriptive statistics and the associated factors were determined by a binary logistic regression model, and presented with the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All statistical tests were conducted at a 5% level of significance.ResultsUtilization of family planning method immediately after birth was 12.9% (95% CI = 11.3-14.5%), and it was statistically significantly associated with ages between 25 and 34 years (AOR = 5; 95% CI [1.38–18.41]) and 35 years and above (AOR = 6[1.47–25.70]), unfavourable attitude (AOR = 0.2[0.11–0.31]) and no counselling about immediate postpartum family planning during antenatal care visit (AOR = 0.43[0.20–0.89]).Conclusion and recommendationsThe level of utilization of immediate postpartum family planning is low in the study area. To improve it, dealing with younger women, working to achieve a positive attitude amongst women towards immediate postpartum family planning, and incorporating counselling about postpartum family planning methods during antenatal care visits are all recommended.

Factors Associated with Utilization of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods among Women Attending Family Planning Clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Western Uganda

Background: Long-acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARCM) are highly effective and proven means of preventing unintended pregnancy and reducing maternal mortality. Social and economic characteristics are some of the key determinants of utilization of family planning. However, studies examining the factors associated with utilization of LARCM are limited in Bushenyi district, Uganda. This study therefore, assessed the factors associated with utilization of LARCM among women attending family planning clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used for this study. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire in an exit interview of clients that had come to Kampala International University Teaching Hospital for family planning services after obtaining consent. Collected data was entered and analyzed in the computer using IBM SPSS version 25. Chi-squared analysis was done to determine the factors associated with LARCM utilization. Results were presented in tables and charts for descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 272 women were included in this study of which, 67.6% (n=184) were aged 26 to 35 years, and the overall mean (±SD) age was 27.5 (± 4.5) years. 74.3. % (n=202) were married and 69.9% (n=190) were rural dwellers. A few of the participants (20.2%, n=55) were currently using LARCM. Of the 55 participants who were using LARC methods, majority 34 (61.8%) were using implants while the rest 21 (38.2%) were using IUCD. Significant factors were; woman’s age of ≤25 years (X2=72.43; P=<0.001), urban residence (X2=16.69; P=<0.001), being married (X2=25.19; P=<0.001), business occupation (X2=99.22; P=<0.001), Catholic religion (X2=61.38; P=<0.001), mother’s age at first delivery of 18-24 years (X2=24.61; P=<0.001), reproductive intention of spacing (X2=50.81; P=<0.001), never wanted the last pregnancy (X2=14.72; P=<0.001), Hospital as the source of FP information (X2=66.82; P=<0.001), partner influence on FP (X2=16.69; P=<0.001), FP counselling during ANC (X2=42.01; P=<0.001), receiving contraceptives from hospital (X2=151.61; P=<0.001) and receiving contraceptive services from the doctor (X2=226.13; P=<0.001). Conclusion and Recommendations: LARCM use was low and was associated with younger maternal age, urban residence, being married, business occupation, mother’s age at first delivery, desire for child spacing, partner influence on FP, FP counselling during ANC. Therefore, FP education about the benefits of LARCM should be enhanced by health providers and media.

Awareness and Pattern of Utilizing Family Planning Methods in Married Women visiting at Janaki Medical College Teaching Hospital

Background and Objectives: Family planning (FP) means a way of thinking, perceiving and utilizing which is accepted voluntarily upon the bases of attitude, knowledge, and important decisions by couples. This study was done to assess level of awareness and pattern of utilizing family planning methods among married women aged 20 to 45 years of reproductive age visiting at Janaki Medical College teaching Hospital, Ramdiaya.
 
 Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to July 2023 at the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Janaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Ramdaiya, Dhanusha, Nepal. One hundred forty three (n=143) women of reproductive age, were interviewed by using a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire. After taking informed written consent, socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and pattern of using family planning methods were recorded. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21.
 Results: Majority (55.94%) of respondents were aware about the different contraceptive methods, and 46.85% of the respondents were using contraceptive methods at the time of our study. 16.08% were using oral contraceptives followed by condoms in 13.98%, tubectomy by 9.09%, vasectomy by 3.49%, traditional methods by 2.09 %, intrauterine device by 1.39% and injectable by 0.69%. The use of contraceptive methods increased with increasing age, number of living children and level of education.
 Conclusion: Average number of women were aware about the contraceptive methods but the practice of contraception and utilization of family planning services were low. A gap was found between knowledge and implementation of contraceptive methods in the study population. This shows the need for more informative awareness campaigns for promoting contraceptive utilization.

Intention to Use Postpartum Contraceptive and Its Determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The postpartum period is a critical moment for the delivery of family planning services. However, the utilization of family planning among women in sub-Saharan Africa is not optimal. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the intention to use postpartum contraception and its related determinants in the sub-Saharan African setting. This study utilized a comprehensive search strategy that involved searching several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and online research institutional repository homes. Data extraction was performed using Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was conducted using STATA software (version 14). To assess publication bias, a forest plot, Begg's rank test, and Egger's regression test were employed. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic, and an overall estimated analysis was conducted. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of each study on the overall estimate. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. Finally, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for associated factors was calculated. After reviewing 1,321 articles, 14 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The final analysis comprised a total of 39,936 study participants. The overall intention to use postpartum contraception in sub-Saharan Africa was found to be 62.21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 55.532-68.875). In subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence of intention was observed in Ethiopia (66.71%; 95% CI: 50.36-83.05), while the lowest prevalence was reported in Ghana (59.39%; 95% CI: 50.22-68.57). The intention to use contraception was found to be 67.22% (95% CI: 62.37-72.07) and 54.53% (95% CI: 46.61-62.45) for institutional and community-based studies, respectively. Maternal educational status (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.09-1.38) and husbands' approval of contraceptive use (OR = 2.395; 95% CI: 1.256-4.567) were identified as predictors of intention to use postpartum contraception. In conclusion, the results of our study show a comparatively low intention toward the use of postpartum contraception, in contrast to findings reported in other countries. As such, we recommend that stakeholders prioritize maternal education and encourage male partner involvement in family planning decisions.

Unraveling the Intersection of Socio-Economic Dynamics and Family Planning Accessibility: Insights from Women of Reproductive Age in Kween District, Eastern Uganda

The provision and utilization of Family Planning (FP) services play a pivotal role in not only safeguarding women's health but also significantly enhancing the overall well-being of their partners, children, and the wider societal fabric. Studies have estimated that optimizing FP services could potentially save 32% of maternal lives and 10% of child lives. In light of these critical implications, this research delves into the multifaceted factors hindering women's access to Family Planning Services within the precincts of the Kween district. Employing a cross-sectional descriptive study design, this investigation focuses on women aged between 18-49 years. Data collection involved survey questionnaires administered to a strategically sampled group of 40 women. The quantitative data underwent meticulous analysis utilizing SPSS version 20, while qualitative data was subjected to content and thematic analysis, presenting findings in a verbatim format. The study revealed that while 47.5% of women were utilizing modern FP methods, encompassing pills, implants, and injectables, there existed a notable unmet contraceptive need of 25%, coupled with a 22.5% contraceptive discontinuation rate. The primary deterrent to accessing modern FP methods stemmed from acceptability issues entrenched in prevailing myths, notably the erroneous beliefs associating Family Planning with infertility and the culturally unfavorable birth of twins. Moreover, the discontinuation of modern FP methods predominantly stemmed from reported side effects such as excessive bleeding, backaches, and headaches. Additionally, the research underscored a correlation between the utilization of modern FP methods, women's educational attainment, and demographic factors like the number of living male children and participation in polygamous marriages. Intriguingly, religious affiliations had a limited impact on FP method utilization, as women demonstrated a tendency to contravene religious doctrines to access FP services despite religious opposition. This study illuminates critical barriers obstructing women's access to and sustained use of modern FP methods in the Kween district, emphasizing the urgency for tailored interventions addressing socio-cultural misconceptions, side-effect management, and demographic sensitivities to foster more inclusive and effective FP service delivery in similar contexts. Keywords: Family Planning, Contraceptives, Injectables, Implants.

Utilization of family planning and associated factors among women with disabilitiesin ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Persons with disabilities have a right to make their own choices about their bodies, health, and lives, especially regarding their sexual and reproductive health. But they may experience more challenges than women without disabilities in having their reproductive health needs met. So there is an urgent need to scale up disability inclusion in all levels of the health system including family planning. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of Family Planning Utilization and Associated Factors among Women with Disabilities in Ethiopia. Studies were gathered from Pub Med/MEDLINE (681), Google Scholar (426), African Journal of Online (AJOL) (36), CINAHL (211), HINARI (191), Scopus (86), Science Direct (62), Excerpta Medica database (EMBA, SE) (113), DOAJ (38), Web of Science (26), Google (271), and other organization's websites (2) using a combination of search terms and Boolean operators. The modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional research was used by three authors to independently assess the quality of each study. For statistical analysis, STATATM Version 11 software was employed. For the meta-analysis, the random-effects (Der Simonian and Laird) technique was applied. The heterogeneity test was performed using I-squared (I2) statistics. A one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. A total of 7 articles with 2787 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of family planning utilization among Women with Disabilities was 29.6% (95% CI: 22.3, 36.8); I2 = 94.6%). Women who were in marital union (p<0.001) and who had a discussion with their husbands (p = 0.007) were factors significantly associated with the utilization of family planning among women with disabilities. The finding of this study showed that utilization of family planning among women with disability is relatively lower than the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2019. Therefore, the discussions with the partner and their engagement in decisions to use family planning are critical to increase its use.

Perception and Attitude towards Involvement of Males in Family Planning Practices in Nigeria

Aim: The study is designed to assess the perception and attitude towards the involvement of males in family planning practices in Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: This study design was a descriptive cross-sectional design, whose population were males (15-55 years), and selected via the convenience sampling technique. The research instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire on male involvement in family planning and was subjected to face and content validity (Cronbach Alpha = 0.673). The study data (responses) were analysed using simple frequency, percentages, and means, with the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) V 21.&#x0D; Results: Most of the men (n=267; 96.4%) have good knowledge of family planning, and there is a medium level of men’s involvement (n=141; 50.9%) towards family planning practices. Furthermore, regarding their behaviours towards family planning methods involvement, 208 (75.1%) men disagreed that family planning is meant for only females and that contraceptives are not working for males, while all the men (n=277; 100 %) disagreed that family planning is meant for the literate only. More so, half of the men (n=147; 53.1%) rejected that family planning delay pregnancy, while 208 (75.1%) men accepted that it prevents pregnancies. These results proved that the men do not believe only the literate utilize family planning methods.&#x0D; Conclusion: Most males are knowledgeable about family planning and many adopted condoms as their methods of family planning, which implies that men could be effectively involved in family planning with proper and effective education.

Determining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Availability, Use, and Readiness of Family Planning and Contraceptive Services at Selected Primary Health Care Facilities in Africa and Asia: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated social restrictions may have disrupted the provision of essential services, including family planning (FP) and contraceptive services. This protocol is adapted from a generic study protocol titled "Health systems analysis and evaluations of the barriers to availability and readiness of sexual and reproductive health services in COVID-19 affected areas," conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Reproductive Health and Research. This study aims to assess the availability and use of FP and contraceptive services in primary health facilities during and after the COVID-19 pandemic; assess the risk perceptions of COVID-19 stigma, barriers to access, and quality of services from clients' and providers' perspectives in the COVID-19-affected areas; and assess the postpandemic recovery of the facilities in the provision of FP and contraceptive services. In-depth interviews will be conducted with clients-women in the reproductive age group and their male partners who visit the selected health facilities for FP and contraceptive services-and health providers (the most knowledgeable person on FP and contraceptive service provision) at the selected health facilities. Focus group discussions will be conducted with clients at the selected health facilities and in the community. The in-depth interviews and focus group discussions will help to understand clients' and health service providers' perspectives of FP and contraceptive service availability and readiness in COVID-19-affected areas. A cross-sectional health facility assessment will be conducted in all the selected health facilities to determine the health facility infrastructure's ability and readiness to provide FP and contraceptive services and to capture the trends in FP and contraceptive services available during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific approval for this study is obtained from the WHO Research Project Review Panel, and the WHO Ethics Review Committee has given ethical approval in the 3 countries. Using a standardized research protocol will ensure that the results from this study can be compared across regions and countries. The study was funded in March 2021. It received ethics approval from the WHO Ethics Review Committee in February 2022. We completed data collection in September 2022. We plan to complete the data analysis by March 2023. We plan to publish the study results by Summer 2023. The findings from this study will provide a better understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FP and contraceptive services at the facility level, which will help policy makers and health managers develop and strengthen FP policies and services in health facilities to be more responsive to community needs. DERR1-10.2196/43329.

Postabortion Family Planning Utilization and Associated Factors among Women seeking Abortion Services: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ethiopia is a country which suffers with one of the highest levels of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion practices. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of post-abortion family planning and associated factors among women seeking abortion services in Asella town health facilities. A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women who came for abortion services from July 15 to October 15, 2019. Two hundred seventy-six participants were included using a systematic random sampling technique. Both descriptive and logistic regression analysis were conducted. In multivariate analysis, variables which had a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable. Postabortion family planning utilization among study participants was 146 (53.7%) (95% CI=47.4, 59.2). Formal education (AOR=4.45: 95% CI: (1.18, 16.74), previous history of abortion (AOR=0.35; 95% CI: (0.14, 0.85), positive attitude to towards family planning (AOR=2.62; 95% CI: (1.09, 6.27), counseled on postabortion family planning utilization (AOR=3.12; 95% CI: (1.30, 7.51) were significantly associated with post abortion family planning utilization. In this study, nearly fifty percent of the respondents did not utilize Postabortion Family Planning (PAFP). Educational status, history of pervious abortion, decision when to have a child, attitude toward PAFP utilization and counseling about PAFP were significantly associated with post-abortion family planning use. The health care providers who give abortion service should give counseling for all women who get abortion service. More accents should be given to misperception of PAFP to change the negative attitude of utilization of PAFP.

Evaluation of Factors that Contribute to Low Utilization of Methods for Family Planning Among Adolescents at Adjumani Hospital, Adjumani District

Globally, approximately 80 million unintended pregnancies worldwide are accounted for low utilization of family planning (FP) methods during adolescent and postpartum period. Young people’s sexual and reproductive health affects their lives and the health of the global community. The purpose of this study was to find out factors that contribute to low utilization of Family Planning Methods among adolescents attending family planning clinic at Adjumani Hospital, Adjumani District. A cross-sectional and descriptive study which employed quantitative method of data collection was used for a period of four weeks and the study was conducted at Family Planning clinic in Adjumani Hospital. A purposive sampling method was used. Only 45 adolescent aged 12 to 20 years old attending Family Planning clinic freely assented/consented to participate in the study. The results showed 25 (56%) of the adolescent were of age range 18-20 years and 5 (11%) who were 12-14 years. 31 (69%) respondents agreed that their culture allowed the use of FP method. Only 14 (31%) participants said that their culture does not allow the use of family planning method and revealed that FP affects their fertility. They also said that the culture considered it as a crime in the community. Nearly 38 (84%) have ever visited family planning clinic while very few 7 (16%) have not visited, most 27 (71%) were attended by Nurse while only few 3 (8%) were attended by Doctor. The results from this study shows that respondents’ family planning use conflict with their cultural/religious belief and majority claimed that family planning encourages cheating in relationship. Keywords: Adolescents, Family Planning, fertility, condoms

Male Involvement in Family Planning Decisions in Malawi and Tanzania: What Are the Determinants?

The participation of males in joint spousal decisions is urgently needed in achieving the fundamental indicators of reproductive health. The low involvement of males in family planning (FP) decision-making is a major determining factor in low FP usage in Malawi and Tanzania. Despite this, there are inconsistent findings regarding the extent of male involvement and the determinants that aid male participation in FP decisions in these two countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of male involvement in FP decisions and its associated determinants within the household context in Malawi and Tanzania. We used data from the 2015-2016 Malawi and Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) to examine the prevalence and the determinants inhibiting male involvement in FP decisions. The total sample size of 7478 from Malawi and 3514 males from Tanzania aged 15-54 years was employed in the analysis by STATA version 17. Descriptive (graphs, tables and means), bi-variate (chi-square) and logistic regression analyses (unadjusted (U) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR)) were performed to identify the determinants associated with male involvement in FP decisions. The mean age of respondents in Malawi was 32 years (±8 SD) and in Tanzania, 36 years (±6 SD), with the prevalence of male involvement in FP decisions being 53.0% in Malawi and 26.6% in Tanzania. Being aged 35-44 years [AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.59-2.05] and 45-54 years [AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.22-1.67], educated (secondary/higher) [AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.31-1.99], having access to media information [AOR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21-1.51] and having a female head of household [AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.70-1.90] were determinant factors of male involvement in FP decisions in Malawi. Primary education [AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.39-2.72], having a middle wealth index ranking [AOR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.17-1.81], being married [AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.38-1.90] and working [AOR = 2.86; 95% CI: 2.10-3.88] were higher predictors of male involvement in FP decisions in Tanzania. Increasing the role of males in FP decisions and involvement in FP utilization may improve uptake and continuity of FP usage. Therefore, the findings from this cross-sectional study will support redesigning the ineffective strategic FP programs that accommodate socio-demographic determinants that may increase the likelihood of male involvement in FP decisions, especially in the grassroots settings in Malawi and Tanzania.

Does Voluntary Family Planning Contribute to Food Security? Evidence from Ethiopia

This study aims to explore the effects of voluntary family planning (FP) utilization on food security in selected districts of Ethiopia. Quantitative research methods were used to conduct a community-based study among a sample of 737 women of reproductive age. The data were analyzed using a hierarchical logistic regression constructed in three models. The findings showed 579 (78.2%) were using FP at the time of the survey. According to the household-level food insecurity access scale, 55.2% of households experienced food insecurity. The likelihood of food security was lower by 64% for women who used FP for less than 21 months (AOR = 0.64: 95%CI: 0.42-0.99) in comparison to mothers who used FP for more than 21 months. Households having positive adaptive behaviors were three times more likely (AOR = 3.60: 95%CI 2.07-6.26) to have food security in comparison to those not having positive adaptive behaviors. This study also revealed that almost half of the mothers (AOR: 0.51: 95%CI: 0.33-0.80) who reported being influenced by other family members to use FP had food security, in comparison to their counterparts. Age, duration of FP use, positive adaptive behaviors, and influence by significant others were found to be independent predictors of food security in the study areas. Culturally sensitive strategies need to be considered to expand awareness and dispel misconceptions that lead to hesitancy around FP utilization. Design strategies should take into account households' resilience in adaptive skills during shocks, natural disasters, or pandemics which will be invaluable for food security.

Evaluation of the Factors that Affect Family Planning Methods in Clients Attending Maternal Child Health Services at Kyabugimbi Health Centre IV, Bushenyi District, Uganda

Family planning can help reduce maternal mortality by reducing the number of pregnancies, the number of abortions, and the proportion of births at high risk in Bushenyi District. It has been estimated that meeting women’s need for modern contraceptive use would prevent about one quarter to one third of all maternal deaths. This study was aimed at assessing the factors affecting utilization of family planning methods among clients attending child health (MCH) Clinic at Kyabugimbi health Centre IV. A cross-sectional study design was used. According to this study, most of the respondents, were aged 25-34(48%), had no formal education (60%), married(45%) by marital status, peasants (65%) by occupation, while by religion, majority were protestants (41%). Majority (87%) had ever heard about family planning while the minority (13%) had never. The sources of information were health workers (36%), 30% radio and 20% from friends. 38% of the clients reported to be using at least one method of family planning while the majority (56%) was not. Majority of participants reported to be using injecta-plan (14%), pill-plan (9%), condoms (6%), IUDs (4%) and minority (2%) calendar and 6% reported to be using other methods not listed above. This study revealed that majority of the clients reported not to utilize family planning services because they feared side effects (83%), 75% could not afford to travel long distance to the health facility, 67% reported that their religions were against the use of family planning methods while 41% reported that they were not effective in preventing pregnancy. Holding family planning campaigns, educating these clients about the benefits of family planning as well as giving them detailed information in order to put an end to the misconceptions and false beliefs they have about family planning services. More research should be carried on bigger populations for instance referral hospitals to capture larger sample sizes and urban settings. Keywords: Family planning, maternal mortality, abortions, contraceptives.

Gender Difference in Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Family Planning among Married Adults Attending Primary Health Care Centers in The Kingdom of Bahrain: Cross Sectional Study

Objective: Family planning (FP) has become a fundamental part of healthcare and it can be achieved effectively by safe methods. This study was conducted to determine the gender difference in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards FP among married adults attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Bahrain. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at five PHCs from the four governorates in Bahrain over two weeks period in May 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the knowledge, practice, and attitude of married adults towards FP. Results: The study included 1221 participants (705 females and 516 males). Our study showed that 83.6% of the population had heard of Family Planning Methods (FPM) in general. However, female participants heard more about FPM than males. The FPM practice revealed that 71.9% of the participants are using at least one method. The most common methods are withdrawal (42.4%), and male condoms (29.9%). However, 42.5% of participants still have fears about using FPM. The majority of these fears were related to side effects (57.7%). Conclusions: The study revealed that the level of knowledge, attitude and FP utilization in both sexes was lower compared to other studies. In order to improve the public’s practice of FP, more investment should be made in health promotion programs. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Family Planning, Gender Difference, Bahrain.

Modern Postpartum Family Planning and Associated Factors Among Postpartum Women in a Rural District of Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The first year after a woman has given birth is critical for use of contraceptives although many women do not realize that they are at a risk for pregnancy. The main objective of this study was to assess the utilization of modern Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) and associated factors among postpartum women in a rural district, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study involving randomly selected 389 postpartum women was conducted in Ambo rural district from May 20, 2021 to June 10, 2021. Data were collected through face to- face interviews, entered into EPI Data version 3.1, and analyzed by SPSS version 25.0. In multivariable binary logistic regression, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. The prevalence of modern PPFP was 72.5% (95% CI: 68%, 77%). Utilization of PPFP was significantly associated with women's self decision making (AOR = 6.43, 95% CI: 1.98, 20.90), counseling during antenatal care (AOR = 9.71, 95% CI: 3.83, 24.61), visit health facility after delivery (AOR = 5.24, 95% CI: 2.32, 11.84), ever heard of modern family planning (AOR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.88, 14.23), perceived partner approval (AOR = 4.31, 95% CI: 1.62, 11.47), and the lowest income (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.68). The use of modern PPFP in the study area was encouraging, which helps to prevent unplanned and unwanted pregnancies and spacing pregnancies. Therefore, family planning providers should focus on raising women's awareness and counseling their partners as part of a continuum of points of contact to encourage women to use the service.

Utilization of Family Planning Methods and associated factors among women of reproductive age group in Sunsari, Nepal

Background and objectives: Family planning not only improves women’shealth but also promotes gender equality, better child health, and education, including poverty reduction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the utilization of family planning methods and associated factors in Sunsari, Nepal. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among women of the reproductive age group (15-49 years) in Sunsari in 2020. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to collect information from 212 respondents through face-to-face interviews using a Semi-structured interview schedule from ward no 1 of Barju rural municipality. Descriptive and inferential analysis (binary logistic regression)were used to find the association of utilization of family planning methods with selected demographic variables. All the variables with a p-value &lt;0.1 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance at a level of significance of 5%. Results: This study showed that the mean age and standard deviation of the respondents was 26±7.03 and 91.5 % of respondents’ age at marriage was less than 20 years.Likewise,67.5% of respondents use any methods of family planning and 55.2% of respondents use family planning services from the government health facility. Furthermore, education ((AOR 1.579, CI 1.013-2.462), husband’s occupation (AOR1.095,CI 0.744-1.610), type of family ((AOR 2.741, CI 1.210-6.210), and no of the living son ((AOR 0.259, CI 0.077-0.872) are the factors associated with the utilization of family planning methods. Conclusion: This study concludes that two-thirds of the reproductive age women utilize family planning methods. Furthermore, education, husband’s occupation, type of family, and no of living son are the factors associated with the utilization of family planning methods. This reflects that awareness through mass media including behavioral communication is needed to increase the utilization of family planning methods.

Factors associated with utilization of modern postpartum family planing methods during the extended postpartum period among mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months at Injibara town, Northwest, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe extended postpartum period is the first twelve months following childbirth and is an important entry point for family planning service providers to reduce unintended and too closely spaced pregnancies. A modern postpartum family planning service is one of the recommended public health interventions for reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortalities in sitting where maternal mortality is high, like in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study was aimed to assess factors associated with the utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period among mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months at Injibara town, Northwest, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 1–15/2019 at Injibara town among 402 mothers. The data was collected by a simple random sampling technique and analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 version. Logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and a P-value of < 0.05 in multivariable analysis considered statistically significant. Frequency tables and descriptive summaries were used to describe the study variables.ResultsThe total sample size of this study was 402 and among them, 400 postpartum mothers participated in the study with a response rate of 99.5%. The utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period among postpartum mothers was 58.5% [95% CI: 53.5- 63%]. Of these, 38.9% and 32.9% of the mothers were using injectables and implants respectively. Secondary and above educational level, having ≥ 3 antenatal care visits, resumption of menstruation, discussing with the partner on utilization of family planning method, being counseled on family planning method utilization during antenatal care visits and immediately after delivery, linkage of the mothers to a family planning unit during child immunization, and having good knowledge of family planning methods were associated with utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period.ConclusionThe utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period among postpartum women was low compared to the world health organization recommendation. Socio-demographic, health care service uptakes, and reproductive characteristics were associated with the utilization of modern family planning methods during the extended postpartum period. We suggest emphasizing the education and counseling of women on the utilization of family planning during maternal and child health care service utilization. Mothers should be encouraged to start using modern family planning methods before the resumption of menses.

Factors Influencing the Utilization of Family Planning in Ishaka District, Western Uganda

This study was conducted on factor influencing the utilization of family planning in Ishaka community, Western Uganda. The study aims to look at various factors that influence the use of family method, in Ishaka town. The data were collected using questionnaires developed by the researcher, through descriptive field survey approach. The population of the study were women of reproductive age 15 to 49 years. A sample of 120 respondents, with 30 respondents equally drawn from four designated directions of the city at A, B, C, and D, applying random sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed using frequency distribution tables, simple percentages and Chi-square test to determine the relationships between the categorical variables, at significance level of P-values at ≤0.05. The study revealed that high level knowledge of family planning, did not translate to high contraceptive use. It also shows that men need to be involved in the conduct of family planning; and also, demonstrate a positive relationship between husband/partner on family planning practice and discussion. Furthermore, the chi square test of the respondent’s educational level was found to be highly significance with a X2 Value of 27.734 @ 0.000* with P-values set at ≤0.05. Therefore, religious and traditional leaders should be involved in educating and encouraging their members on the significance of family planning. Further research should be conducted in different locations of the region to bridge the gap between the modern knowledge of family planning and its traditional practice.

Maternal socio-demographic and obstetric determinants for low birth weight in maternity hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross-sectional study

Background: Birth weight of the neonate is a good proxy indicator of the newborn’s chances for survival, growth, health and psychosocial development. This study is aimed at determining the maternal socio-demographic and obstetrical factors for low birth weight (LBW) and its prevalence. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was employed using questionnaires and birth weight measurement of the neonate on 806 mother-neonate pairs. Results: The prevalence rate of low birth weight at the selected hospitals at the study period was 9.1% (95% CI = 7.1% - 11.0%). LBW was associated with marital status, sex of the neonate, partner employment status, socio-economic position of the household, number of ANC visits, gravidity, utilization of modern Family Planning (FP) methods and illnesses during current pregnancy. Conclusion: This study identified various socio-economic, demographic, obstetric and health service utilization factors. It is therefore recommended that multifaceted and coordinated measures to address these issues are required to reduce LBW to its lowest level.

Use of Family Planning Methods among Postpartum Mothers in Bharatpur Metropolitan City

INTRODUCTION: Low utilization of modern contraceptives immediately after birth remains low in Nepal. Hence the Government of Nepal has given significant importance on postpartum family planning to address the unmet need of family planning in Nepal. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of postpartum family planning Utilization among women and its associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross- sectional, study was conducted among 133 mothers who had one year of children. The data collection tool was a semi structured interview schedule. Data were entered using Epi data 3.1 software and analyzed using SPSS 16. The statistical analyses carried out were descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and bivariate (chi-square test). RESULTS: The current utilization of family planning methods was 23.3% and utilization of family planning in the past year was 28.6%. The Depo -Provera (38.7%) is the most commonly used family planning method among respondents. About half of the respondents (45.9%) did not get family planning counselling during ANC Visit. Husband Occupation (p-value =0.004), family planning counselling during ANC Visit (p-value =0.017), Knowledge on appropriate birth space (p-value =0.017) and IUCD use (p-value=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive utilization among postpartum mothers was found to be extremely low which ultimately increases health risk to maternal health due to chances of unintended pregnancies.